Pattern Dynamics of Thermal-environment Effect During Urbanization:A Case Study in Shenzhen City,China

The thermal-environment effect exists in the field of rapid urbanization.It has adverse effects on the urban atmosphere,regional climate,energy consumption,and public health.Shenzhen,a representative of rapidly urbanizing cities in China,was selected as a case for pattern dynamics analysis of the thermal environment.The surface temperature was acquired from the thermal infrared data of Landsat TM and ETM+ images in 1986,1995,and 2005 by Jiménez-Mu?oz and Sobrino's generalized single-channel method,which was used in assessing the distribution and spatial patterns of the thermal environment.The relative thermal environment curve(RTC) was combined with Moran's I analysis to assess the pattern dynamics of the thermal environment in different urbanization periods.Moran's I index and the RTC represent a process of aggregation-fragmentation-aggregation,which shows the aggregation pattern of a decrease during the rapid urbanization period and then an increase during the steady urbanization period.High-temperature areas gradually expanded to a uniform and scattered distribution in the rapid urbanization period;while the high thermal-environment effect was gradually transformed into a steady spatial pattern in the stable urbanization period.To characterize the increasing development in this multiple-center city,we chose profiles along an urban-development axis.The results suggest that heat islands have expanded from internal urban to external urban areas.Four profiles were obtained showing differences in shape due to spatial differences in the process of development.

Integrating morphological spatial pattern analysis and the minimal cumulative resistance model to optimize urban ecological networks: a case study in Shenzhen City, China

Background:With the increasing fragmentation of landscape induced by rapid urbanization,the construction of ecological networks is of great signifcance to alleviate the degradation of urban habitats and protect natural envi‑ronments.However,there is considerable uncertainty when constructing ecological networks,especially the difer‑ent approaches to selecting ecological sources.We used the southern Chinese city of Shenzhen as a study area to construct and optimize ecological networks using a coupling approach.Ecological source areas were extracted using morphological spatial pattern analysis(MSPA)and the landscape index method.Ecological networks were con‑structed using the minimal cumulative resistance(MCR)model and the gravity model.Stepping stones and ecological fault points were added in corridors to optimize the ecological network.Results:Ten core areas with maximum importance patch values were extracted by the landscape index method as ecological source areas according to MSPA,after which corridors between ecological sources were constructed based on the MCR model.The constructed ecological networks were optimized using 35 stepping stones and 17 ecologi‑cal fault points.The optimized ecological networks included 11 important corridors,34 general corridors,and seven potential corridors.The results of corridor landscape-type analysis showed that a suitable ecological corridor is 60 to 200 m wide.Conclusions:Overall,our results imply that ecological source areas can be identifed virtually,and that ecological networks can be signifcantly optimized by combining MSPA and MCR models.These results provide a methodologi‑cal reference for constructing ecological networks,and they will be useful for urban planning and biodiversity protec‑tion in Shenzhen and other similar regions around the world.

Pre‑rainy Season Rainstorms in South China—Risk Perception of the 11 April 2019 Rainstorm in Shenzhen City

With the acceleration of urbanization in South China, rainstorms and floods are threatening the safety of people in urban areas. The 11 April 2019(4·11 hereafter)rainstorm in Shenzhen City was a typical pre-rainy season rainstorm that caused great damage, yet such pre-rainy season events have not attracted sufficient attention in research.Risk perception of the public may indirectly affect their disaster preparedness, which is important for disaster management. In this study, we conducted a questionnaire survey that considered demographic factors and the level of risk perception, knowledge of risk, impact of the 4·11 rainstorm event on public risk perception, and degree of trust in the government. We used a two-factor model of risk perception to evaluate the factors that influenced public risk perception of the 4·11 rainstorm in Shenzhen. The main conclusions are: The 4·11 rainstorm improved public awareness of both risk and impact through the medium term, but the public’s perceived low probability of disaster occurrence and lack of knowledge of the pre-rainy season rainstorm phenomenon led to serious losses during this event. Although the public has high trust in the Shenzhen government, the management of rainstorm disasters in the pre-rainy season needs to be further improved.

Detection and characterization of three zoonotic viruses in wild rodents and shrews from Shenzhen city,China

Diverse species of rodents and shrews, which are abundant worldwide, harbor a variety of viruses;some of these are closely related to human viruses and possess zoonotic potential. Previously studies have demonstrated that the mammarenavirus and hantavirus carried by rodents or shrews could cause diseases in human population. To determine the distribution of zoonotic viruses in Shenzhen city, the major city in southern China with a high population density, we analyzed 225 rodents(Rattus norvegicus and Rattus flavipectus) and 196 shrews(Suncus murinus) from urban and rural districts for the presence of mammarenavirus, hantavirus, and hepatitis E virus(HEV) by RT-PCR targeting the conserved regions. The infection rates for mammarenavirus, hantaviruses,and HEV in rodents and shrews were 3.56%, 6.89%, and 1.66%, respectively. Partial genome fragment analysis indicated that mammarenavirus and hantavirus strains had more than 90% and 99% nucleic acid identity with Cardamones virus and Seoul virus, respectively, which cause diseases in humans. Although the present HEV strains identified are typically found worldwide,phylogenetic analysis demonstrated a divergence of 16%. To our knowledge, the present work is the first report of the prevalence of mammarenavirus, hantaviruses, and rat HEV strains in rodents and shrews from Shenzhen city, China. Our findings highlight the zoonotic potential of rodent-and shrew-borne mammarenavirus and hantavirus, and the biodiversity of rat HEV isolates in Shenzhen city. The present work suggests that utilization of good hygiene habits is important to minimize the risk of zoonosis.

我国沿海地区城市洪(潮)涝成因及应对策略——以深圳市为例

沿海地区受地理位置、全球气候变化和城市化快速发展等影响,城市洪(潮)涝灾害频发,已成为影响我国沿海地区城市公共安全的突出问题,严重制约经济社会可持续健康发展。根据城市水文循环过程,综合考虑致灾因子、孕灾环境和承灾体等,将沿海地区城市洪(潮)涝成因概括为“先天不足—后天变化”两个方面,并以深圳市为例进行了深入分析。在此基础上,从提高防洪(潮)和排涝能力,协调防洪、除涝、排水标准,科学规划城市发展,充分考虑地下空间竖向设计,全面加强流域统一管理5个方面提出沿海地区城市洪(潮)涝应对策略,为沿海地区城市防洪(潮)、除涝工程体系建设和城市洪(潮)涝风险管理提供支撑。

超高层建筑设计的几个新趋势——以深圳为例

超高层建筑从萌芽诞生到发展至今已100多年,已在不同程度影响着人们的生活。该文基于深圳市近年30个超高层建筑案例,梳理超高层建筑设计呈现出新趋势的契机和在整体规划和建筑设计层面上的特点,分析归纳出超高层建筑设计城市枢纽化、垂直城市化、空间开放化、功能复合化和结构表皮一体化的五个趋势,以期为今后的超高层建筑设计提供一些方向和策略。

城市大气Δ^(14)CO_(2)监测中背景站和背景值的选取——以深圳市为例

城市化石源CO_(2)(CO_(2)ff)排放的可靠量化对准确理解全球和区域碳核算至关重要。虽然CO_(2)放射性C同位素(Δ^(14)CO_(2))可作为独立示踪剂对CO_(2)ff排放进行量化,但其准确性仍然受制于背景站和背景值的选取。鉴于此,本研究以深圳市为例,对比评估了距离观测站点由远及近的全球/大陆背景站、区域背景站、城市背景站和城市背景值共8个背景选项,提出了一种基于Keeling Plot(KP)右上角区域样点对背景站和背景值进行筛选和评定的新方法。结果表明,深圳市背景首选区域背景站南岭,其次为KP右上角均值。针对不同城市,可依据边界条件的复杂性、有无背景观测等情况使用不同的背景选取方法。本研究为基于Δ^(14)CO_(2)估算重点城市和区域的CO_(2)ff排放量提供了背景站和背景值选取的基本原理和实践经验。

高度城镇化背景下深圳市易涝点驱动因子分析

根据深圳市2018—2022年易涝点统计资料,运用标准差椭圆、空间自相关和核密度估计等方法对深圳市易涝点时空分布特征进行分析。将分别利用优化热点分析和核密度估计方法所得的内涝易发度作为因变量,运用参数最优地理探测器对连续型驱动因子最优离散化处理,探测易涝点空间分布差异的主要驱动因子及作用机制。结果表明:深圳市易涝点空间分布差异性显著,其分布的方向性减弱,集聚特征明显;人口经济类驱动因子对易涝点空间分布有最强解释力,气候特征类次之,暴雨日数和人口驱动因子的协同作用可以解释59.50%的易涝点分布;核密度估计所得的易发度具有更好的代表性,且对连续型因子最优离散化处理能显著提升其解释力。

Public Participation in Water Environment Control：the Status and Experience of Shenzhen, Southern China

Public participation is an important part of watershed water environment management. Via public participation, it could enhance public environmental awareness, mobilize multiple forces to reconcile the conflicts among multiple interest groups, supervise corporate environmental be-havior, and overcome the shortcomings of government unilateral decision-making. In this paper, the status quo of public participating in water envi-ronment control is summarized, and the existing problems of public participating in water environment control are analyzed. From the aspects of per-fecting legal system, perfecting water environment information disclosure system, expanding information communication channels, correctly guiding the development of environmental social organization, playing the supervision role of the people＇s congress and political consultative committee, and enriching the forms of publicity and education, the countermeasures and suggestions of public participating in water environment control are proposed, to perfect public participation mechanism, and scientifically and orderly impel comprehensive treatment of water environment.

高密度城区居住用地附属绿地对生态连通性影响——以深圳市福田区为例

文章通过识别生态源地、提取居住用地附属绿地,基于最小阻力模型,分析居住用地附属绿地支持与阻隔生物流通情景下的生态网络,探讨居住用地附属绿地对高密度城区生态连通性的影响,提出保护建议。结果表明:1)福田区中部莲花山公园、东部荔枝公园、南部皇岗公园生态连通性受其周围居住用地内连片或连续分布的带状附属绿地影响较大。2)居住用地附属绿地对生态连通性的影响体现在减小廊道阻力,其中对中阻力廊道的影响最大(单位成本距离下降29.2%);使具有重要生态保护价值的区域连片;能缓解在高密度建成区中的狭窄低阻力通道处形成夹点的情况。3)不同居住用地附属绿地连通情景下、不同阻力阈值下生态网络中重复出现的生态夹点被定为是最具有保护价值的一级夹点。根据不同情景下重复出现的生态夹点位置的重要性等级分类,针对性提出支持城市生态连通性的保护措施。建议加强新洲路福民路交汇处等一级夹点4处,优先保护靠近源地且位于源地间拓扑连接上的、规模超过平均规模5920.22 m^(2)的居住用地附属绿地。

城市综合交通枢纽智慧化设计研究——以深圳市西丽综合交通枢纽为例

目前,新一代站城融合的城市综合交通枢纽正朝着智慧化方向发展。然而,针对智慧交通枢纽的顶层设计尚未明确,各地智慧交通枢纽、站城融合的实现路径及建设方案也各不相同,尚处于探索阶段。为解决上述问题,文章结合站城一体化设计理念,依托深圳市西丽综合交通枢纽,在阐述枢纽运营管理模式及组织架构的基础上,深入分析枢纽运营管理目前存在的诸如信息化水平低、旅客出行体验差、商业开发乏力等痛点,明确枢纽在生产运营、旅客服务、商业开发方面的智慧化需求,并据此提出智慧枢纽平台设计方案,包括平台定位、平台总体架构,以及IaaS、DaaS、PaaS、SaaS各层和云平台、云管平台、网络安全防护系统等的具体设计,以期为类似城市综合交通枢纽的智慧化建设提供参考和借鉴。

高发展强度城市居民宜居满意度及影响机理的探测研究——以深圳市为例

在当前全球城市竞争的背景下,宜居城市既是世界城市发展建设与价值提升的目标,也是我国构建“人类生命共同体”的重要落脚点。深圳作为国内高发展强度城市,系统性、结构性地了解居民的宜居满意度对指导深圳未来的宜居城市建设具有重要意义。本文以深圳居民宜居满意度调查问卷为基础,利用地理探测器分别从宜居因子和居民属性两个层面,分析了深圳市宜居满意度水平及其影响因素。研究结果表明:第一,居民对深圳宜居性总体感知差异明显,需求层次较低的生存发展因子题项解释力较高,高需求层次的环境适宜因子和服务供给因子题项解释力较低,说明深圳居民在高生活压力下呈现出需求层次倒置的现象;第二,宜居满意度在深圳不同居民群体中呈现出不同的特征。总体来看,非本地户籍、青年、居住年限短、民营企业员工、原特区外辖区、城中村、男性、低学历等居民群体对深圳市宜居满意度较低;第三,生存发展因子与居民的居住辖区、户籍属性交互后解释力增强最为明显。目前空间资源稀缺、人口持续流入和购房及生活成本居高不下为深圳的宜居城市建设带来了巨大的挑战,如能有效针对深圳原特区外辖区、非本地户籍居民的生存发展因子,特别是对住房条件方面进行改善,将最大效益提升深圳宜居水平。

融合出租车轨迹与街景图像的城市街道空间分类方法

城市街道空间是一种复杂的公共活动场所,是城市功能的重要空间载体。然而现有研究通常只聚焦于街道空间的交通功能,忽略街道空间所承担的其他功能类型,给街道的设计以及品质优化带来阻碍。为此,文章提出了一种融合出租车轨迹与街景图像的街道空间城市功能分类方法,该方法基于出租车轨迹数据构建城市居民在街道空间上的动态出行特征,基于街景图像构建街道空间的物理环境特征,并采用K-Means聚类算法对街道空间进行聚类。并以深圳市宝安区为例进行实验,结果表明,该方法能识别出商业、交通和居住3种类型的街道空间,识别结果可为街道空间设计与品质优化提供参考。

超浅覆土大断面矩形顶管近距离双线施工地表沉降规律及加固效果评价

矩形顶管施工过程中会对周围土体造成扰动,引起地表产生竖向变形。为研究超浅覆土顶管施工过程中的地表沉降规律,以深圳市某下穿道路矩形顶管工程为背景,使用PLAXIS3D软件对顶管双线施工进行有限元模拟。首先将模拟结果与实测结果对比以验证模拟结果的合理性,然后分析双线施工地表沉降变化规律,最后对现场加固措施进行评价。主要结论如下:未加固时顶管顶进过程中,最大沉降量位于始发端,最大隆起量位于接收端;加固后地表沉降最大值点及沉降最大值均发生了改变:加固后地表最大沉降值点由始发井改变为顶管中部区域,最大沉降值减少了6.15mm,表明现场加固方案效果显著;未加固和加固后地表沉降纵向曲线规律基本一致,表现为三个阶段:隆起期、快速沉降期和沉降稳定期;未加固和加固后地表横向沉降槽变化情况基本一致。

深圳市极端降水时空演变特征分析

目前,关于深圳市降水方面的研究较多,而涉及极端降水特征的研究相对缺乏。基于中国区域地面气象要素驱动数据集(1979-2018年)中的降水数据,结合极端降水指标,通过Mann-Kendall趋势分析法、Sen′s坡度法和小波分析法等从降水量、降水强度等方面分析了深圳市近40年极端降水的时空分布变化特征。结果表明:①深圳市极端降水频率及强度整体上南部强于北部,西部的上升趋势较东部更显著。极端降水高风险区的位置随城市化进程从分散趋于集中,在福田和罗湖两区最为稳定。②极端降水高风险区的月均暴雨日数和月最大日降水量在每个年代均呈上升趋势,尤其在20世纪90年代,这种情况更为明显。③极端降水高风险区的年降水量呈下降趋势,前后存在6~8年和1~2年的振荡周期;年暴雨日数稳定在3~19 d且呈减少趋势,而年最大日降水量呈增加趋势;季节降水量较为稳定,春、夏、秋降水量均存在明显的振荡周期。研究结果可为深圳市进一步准确评估极端降水风险、合理制定洪涝预防措施以及更好地进行城市规划提供参考。

深圳市罗湖区“9·7”极端特大暴雨防御对策与启示

2023年9月7日—8日,深圳市出现超历史纪录的极端特大暴雨,其中罗湖区为暴雨中心,本次降雨打破罗湖区1952年有气象记录以来7项历史极值,其中6 h、24 h面降雨量接近200年一遇,深圳河干流鹿丹村断面最大流量达到1840 m3/s,为有实测资料以来最大洪水。通过复盘罗湖区“9·7”极端特大暴雨应对情况,全面检视罗湖区现有洪涝防御体系,科学评估洪涝防御薄弱环节,为提升城市极端暴雨防范应对能力提供借鉴经验和参考价值。

城市建成环境对共享单车出行影响的时空特征——以深圳市为例

以深圳市为例,利用共享单车OD等多源数据,从工作日、休息日多时段分析共享单车出行时空特征,并构建基于客观物质空间、主观感知体验的建成环境“5Ds”指标,运用多尺度地理加权回归模型(MGWR)解析不同建成环境对共享单车出行流量影响的时空异质效应。研究表明:1)时间上,工作日和休息日早、晚高峰的共享单车出行流量较其他时段整体显著,且休息日较工作日的峰值时段具有滞后性;空间上,各峰值时段的出行流量高值区域呈“多核集聚、带状延伸”的分异格局;2)各建成环境要素对共享单车出行流量影响的时段差异显著。就业设施密度、围合度及人口密度在各时段均具有高解释度,其影响力整体呈全局显著特征,其余变量则在不同时段存在局部显著效应;3)各时段影响较为显著的变量在空间作用尺度上存在分异。就业设施密度与围合度的影响力在各时段的空间变化最为稳定,街道绿视率与人口密度在不同时段呈现差异化的空间分布特征。

海洋思维下的城市转型探索——深圳建设全球海洋中心城市的建设路径

建设全球海洋中心城市是我国海洋强国的重要战略布局。文章从全球海洋中心城市提出的源头出发,通过城市分级体系概念比对及对全球知名海洋城市的案例分析,提出了全球海洋中心城市的概念内涵及功能特征。指出深圳建设全球海洋中心城市的优势和面临的挑战,并基于海洋思维,提出了寻切口、拓市场、高站位的战略发展思路和目标,并从航运、科技、产业、文化、合作治理、管理模式等不同维度提出了深圳建设全球海洋中心城市的策略路径。

打造世界级“双子城”:广深“双核联动”系统耦合协调发展研究

本文基于耦合协调模型,构造了由产业、科技、金融及基础设施多个子系统构成的广深“双核联动”系统,并对系统及二元子系统的耦合协调度进行测度,发现经过多年的磨合,广深“双核联动”系统耦合协调度不断提升,各个二元子系统基本实现了良好协调。但是,基础设施子系统与产业、科技、金融子系统的耦合协调程度仍有较大的提高空间,仍处于初级协调的磨合阶段。因此,广深应充分利用各自在产业、科技、金融及基础设施建设中的比较优势,优化交通结构,促进广深基础设施互联互通,提高分散资源的开发、利用及优化配置效率,实现“产业—科技—金融—基础设施”多个系统的相互耦合协调发展及良性循环,为打造世界级“双子城”注入源源不断的动力。

“再”的意义:城市原点与“Re-living the City” 2015年深圳香港城市\建筑双城双年展综述

全面迅猛的全球化和城市化,面对足够的物质条件和过剩的城市与建筑,我们不得不回到城市的原点:城市为了谁?它从哪里来?它的未来在哪里?我们还需要浪费更多的土地和自然资源,去制造或建设更多的城市和建筑吗?2015年深圳香港城市\建筑双城双年展的主题"城市原点与Re-living the City",可以理解为是我们重新思考城市出发点后的一个基本行动计划:立足当下,通过我们自主自觉的设计行动,重构城市,重拾生活。这个行动计划软硬兼施,不仅把全球、地域或深圳作为视野的设计研究创作以展览方式呈现,同时把被闲置的空间资源暨大成面粉厂重新设计和利用,双管齐下,形成了2015年深双展有别于以往的最鲜明的特点。本届深双展不仅是获取知识和交换思想的公共教育平台,也是知识和思想再生产的场所和基地,更是城市更新中空间资源再利用实践的又一个公共示范案例。