近代中国侨汇市场的发展与功能

侨汇市场是以侨汇为经营对象,基于不同时间、地区的汇率、利率和汇票价格信息,围绕侨汇资金和汇票交易而进行的多层次、多区域的投机活动和交易场所。近代中国侨汇市场的参与主体经历了一个从个体到组织、从民间机构经营为主到国家机构积极参与的发展过程,从以个体经营的水客逐步发展为批信局、邮局和银行的综合参与。侨汇市场的交易网络也逐渐从简单的侨乡—侨居地的双边贸易和汇兑,演化为以香港地区和上海为中心、具有各类跨境贸易资金融通、以及风险投资的交易体系。侨汇市场的交易活动不仅促进了短期资金流动和平衡国际收支,也在一定程度上推动了香港地区—华南—上海的资金流动网络的形成,同时为近代工业发展提供了资本。

客家侨批文化融入新时代大学生家国情怀培育的路径研究

侨批中蕴含了丰富的文化价值与历史内涵。侨批文化呈现华侨的爱国主义精神、诚信精神和艰苦奋斗精神,客家侨批文化中蕴含华侨心系国家建设的家国情怀,是新时代家国情怀教育的生动素材,为爱国主义教育增添了新内容。通过探讨客家侨批文化的内涵,厘清客家侨批文化与家国情怀的关系,分析客家侨批文化在大学生家国情怀教育中的价值,加强大学生的家国情怀培育和夯实爱国统一战线根基。

外出务工、家庭汇款对耕地撂荒的影响——基于流失效应与收入效应的分析

本文借助家庭内部分工理论构建外出务工影响耕地撂荒的理论分析框架,并基于2016—2018年中国劳动力动态调查数据实证分析外出务工对耕地撂荒的影响及其作用机制。研究结果显示,外出务工所带来的流失效应造成农户耕地生产有效劳动力投入不足,引致耕地撂荒行为的发生。同时,农户外出务工在非农部门获取超额的劳动回报,由此产生的收入效应并不会正向作用于农业生产性投资,实际导致了耕地保障功能的削弱,反而加剧了耕地撂荒。机制分析结果表明,外出务工主要是通过增加家庭汇款影响农户耕地撂荒行为。异质性分析结果显示,专业户家庭外出务工在一定程度上能够降低耕地撂荒行为的发生;外出务工对具有社会保障的农户家庭耕地撂荒的影响更为突出。因此,在保证农户拥有长期稳定的外出就业岗位和社会保障的基础上,要有效引导土地流转和托管,鼓励开展多种形式的农业适度规模经营以缓解耕地撂荒。

东南亚侨汇与抗日战争——再论东兴汇路的起源与发展

东兴汇路是抗战时期中国沟通外部世界的重要战略通道。1907年,中国政府就在此地设立邮政机构并与法属越南互换国际邮件。本文以广东政府机构馆藏一手侨汇档案为基础材料,揭示了太平洋战争爆发之前由官方行局所初步构建并主导的东兴汇路就已存在并发挥作用的史实。以往学界主张这一汇路源于1942年春,将其主要归功于潮帮侨批局的说法并不科学。东兴汇路之所以能经受住太平洋战争的重大考验,关键是因为华南驻军、广东地方当局、官方行局此前已成功解决了私营侨批业难以独自应对的批路安保、头寸接济、侨批寄递等诸多难题。东兴汇路的存在及持续运转,不仅为太平洋战争爆发以后中国政府继续沟通东南亚侨汇、稳定战时广东财政提供了重要保障,而且还成为中共中央扩大国际统一战线、争取海外抗战资源的重要渠道。遗憾的是,战时环境和头寸不足及国家行局和广东地方金融机构在侨汇利益上的矛盾和争夺,却又在一定程度上影响了国家集中侨汇的能力和成效。

建筑美学理论下近代广东侨乡民居研究——以《近代广东侨乡民居文化比较》为例

以建筑美学理论的地域文化性格特征对近代广东侨乡民居文化进行总体剖析和分类详述。广东侨乡民居划分为广府、潮汕、客家三大文化区,借鉴多学科交叉的研究方法,深入解析侨汇经济、社会结构、人文品格三大建筑演变动因,系统性地探讨了近代广东侨乡民居在文化层面的特征和发展趋势,并深入对比分析三地文化区的民系差异,明晰了这些差异所引发的三地民居演变形式的独特现象与演进历程。充分把握建筑美学交叉学科特性,以多层次丰富的视角感知,为侨乡民居文化研究提供了重要的借鉴。

晋江侨批方言词浅析

晋江地处中国东南沿海,自古便有出海谋生的传统,于是侨批便应运而生。侨批正文里存在着丰富的闽南方言词,但迄今为止,学界尚未对其进行整理与分析。主要依据《晋江侨批集成与研究》一书收录的侨批原件,列举侨批中运用的部分方言词,包括动词、名词、形容词及量词。这些词语一部分使用方言词本字书写,一部分使用音近字或同音字替代。

Remittances,financial development and economic growth in sub-Saharan African countries:evidence from a PMG-ARDL approach

The study investigated the relationship among remittances,financial development and economic growth in a panel of 20 sub-Saharan African countries over the period of 2000 and 2015.The study used both Pooled Mean Group and Mean Group/ARDL estimations with panel unit root and cointegration tests.After establishing cointegration,remittances and financial development were found to have positive effects on economic growth both in the short and the long run.The interactive term showed that financial development acted as a substitute in the remittances-growth relationship.Finally,unidirectional causal relationships were found to exist from GDP to remittances and from financial development to GDP.However,no causality existed between remittances and financial development in the SSA countries.

Study on Provincial Land Use Database Remittance Standard Establishment

In order to realize county-level land use database remittance, establish the provincial land use database and realize annual change statistics, this paper analyzed the requirements for establishing the provincial land use database remittance standards. It proposed the principle of establish the standard compile, introduced the standard establishment process, described the standard main content, and demonstrated technical reasons for standard topologic relationship, expression method for land use data time dimension, data file naming rule, land use element classification, land use database digital dictionary file composition, land use spatial objects, etc. It provides reference for the standard establishment of provincial land use database remittance.

Do migrant remittances matter for financial development in Kenya?

The paper analyzes the relationship between remittances and financial development using Kenyan quarterly data from 2006 to 2016.Five different indicators of financial development are used:credit to the private sector as a share of GDP,the number of mobile transactions,the value of these mobile transactions,the number of mobile agents,and the number of bank accounts.The results from using an autoregressive distributed lag demonstrate a strong,positive relationship between remittances and financial development in long-run equations.This suggests that higher levels of remittances provide opportunities for recipients to open bank accounts,enhance their savings,and access financial systems,in addition to exposing the previously unbanked to both new and existing financial products.The results also confirm the potential advantage of embracing modern and advanced technology to facilitate international mobile transfers.Using international remittance transfers through mobile technology reduces costs by eliminating the need for physical branches and personnel to attend to walk-in customers.Aside from offering convenience and safety for remittance actors,this method also dominates traditional remittance business models.Therefore,a policy window exists for the government to leverage on remittances as a tool of financial inclusion and depth,and particularly through the continued expansion of regulatory space to accommodate the wider use of international mobile remittance transfer channels.Moreover,given the strong,positive relationship between remittances and credit to the private sector as indicated by its share of GDP and number of bank accounts,commercial banks and other players in the remittance market may also find it useful to develop customized products for migrants to access their remittances.For example,financial intermediaries can consider providing better deposit interest rates for diaspora deposits compared to deposits made in the local currency.Further,these institutions can allow regular remittance flows to act as collateral for the allocation of credit,among other incentives to tap into the significant potential of money remitted by migrants to Kenya.The study also recommends that the government consider expanding exploitation of diaspora bonds and diaspora savings and credit cooperative societies while drawing lessons from other countries’previous attempts.

Impact of International Trade, Remittances and Industrialization on the Economic Growth of Bangladesh

There are several important factors of growth and many endeavors have been made to apply these factors to explain the growth of different economies at different times. In this context, the objective of this paper is to examine the impact of international trade, remittances and industrialization on the economic growth of Bangladesh using annual data from the period of 1976 to 2010. This study uses the time series econometrics methodology, which covers tests for stationary, cointegration, and specification of the model. This study also focuses on finding causal relationship among export, import, remittances, and industrialization on the economic growth of Bangladesh by using Granger causality test. The result shows that the variables are cointegrated, implying a long-run causal relationship among export, import, remittances, and industrialization on the economic growth of Bangladesh.

Invigorating foreign aid administration:remittances’strategy,pro-poor and gender focus

Background:The pitfall of top-down approach to development is identified as a major cause of aid inefficiency.The approach is fraught with corruption and unethical practices that have bedeviled aid administration.Meanwhile,the impact of remittances has been widely acknowledged in the national development process.Methods:This study therefore reviews the extant foreign aid administrative norms and practices using various conceptual frameworks and diagrammatic representations with a view to identifying the inherent weaknesses in the process.Results:In the light of the findings,the study pitches its tent around the concept of remittances as a learning process for aid administration.Consequently,the pro-poor and gender focus approaches of remittances to development,as well as its bottomup approach is proposed as a conceptual framework for aid administration.Conclusions:The study concludes that,strict adherence to bottom-up approaches proposed in this article would keep corruption and other unethical practices which have rendered the aid administrative process inefficient,to the barest minimum.

A Panel Data Analysis of the Impact of Chinese Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Remittances and Foreign Aid on Human Capital Growth and Brain Drain in Africa

The main purpose of this research was to analyze the impact the Chinese foreign direct investment (FDI), remittances, and foreign aid have had to human capital growth (HCG) and brain drain. The study data were collected from five African countries (Nigeria, Kenya, Ghana, South Africa, and Morocco) from 2009 to 2018. Secondary sources were used in data collection, then autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) modeling was used in the analysis. Before modelling was done, co-integration tests and panel unit were applied. The results revealed that Chinese FDI, remittances, and foreign aid had a significant and positive impact on HCG in the long but not the short-run. Besides, remittances, Chinese FDI, and foreign aid demonstrated significant negative impacts on brain drain in the long term, not in the short term. This study makes important practical and theoretical contributions about the roles of Chinese FDI, remittances, and foreign aid in the reduction of brain drain and the growth of human capital.

基于BIBFRAME 2.0的侨批档案本体构建研究

侨批档案印证了近代中国国际移民和东西方跨文化联系与相互碰撞的历史,本体提供了资源内容与形式的结构化描述方案,是侨批档案语义化建设的基础。文章分析了侨批档案特征与价值,系统调研了侨批档案及相关特藏资源的元数据与本体方案,基于BIBFRAME 2.0模型与词表,从文献和档案视角分别构建了侨批档案文献本体和侨批档案结构本体,并通过实例对所设计本体进行例证。侨批档案的本体构建能够多维度揭示其内容属性、形式特征与语义关系,为侨批档案与特藏资源知识组织,以及档案资源的数智化建设提供语义层面的描述框架。

广东省侨批档案的诚信文化传承研究

侨批档案诚信文化在改善我国当前社会诚信环境、构建信任体系、提升社会核心价值观、增强国家文化软实力等方面具有积极作用。研究首先以广东省江门、潮州、汕头、梅州等侨乡档案馆、博物馆、图书馆以及民间收藏机构为调研对象,结合《侨批档案图鉴》《侨批故事》《中国抗战期间的侨批邮史》等侨批档案资料,广泛收集侨批档案诚信文化案例,并从个人、行业和国家等维度探析了广东省侨批档案诚信文化价值内涵;其次,从家庭、社会和政府层面分析了广东省侨批档案诚信文化特点;最后从侨批档案诚信文化培育和基于新技术与平台的诚信文化传播等维度,探讨了广东省侨批档案诚信文化传承对策。

受领他人错误汇款无罪论的教义学展开——兼及“价值返还”救济之提倡

对狭义的受领错误汇款行为的处断,“有罪论”在理论中居于通说的地位。受领他人错误汇款既不符合侵占罪的对象要求,也不符合“非法占为己有”的目的,难以构成侵占罪。在柜台上支取款项的行为,既未达到诈骗罪所要求的程度,也未使银行工作人员“陷入错误认识而处分财物”,不应构成诈骗罪。受领人没有非法转移对现金的占有,银行并未遭受财产损失,因而也不成立盗窃罪。从民法上看,错误汇款人是该笔款项的所有权人,但其不能对他人无权占有的行为任意进行私力救济。根据缓和的“违法一元论”,民法上的合法行为在刑法中也不应被评价为犯罪行为。为了保证错误汇款人迅速得到救济,可以在我国提倡“价值返还”救济路径。

实体法和程序法双重视角下错误汇款排除强制执行的效力研究

当错误汇款至另案被执行人账户时,错误汇款人能否以“错误汇款”为由排除对被执行人财产的强制执行,法律规定不明,司法裁判结果存在分歧,无论是支持排除强制执行抑或相反的裁判之论证逻辑均存在瑕疵。从法教义学的视角分析,错误汇款人的请求权性质存在物权性解释路径和债权性解释路径,物权性解释路径忽略了转账汇款中银行的法律地位,债权性解释路径可堪合理。错误汇款返还请求权性质系债权请求权,根据案外人异议之诉的制度逻辑,案外人与申请执行人实际上不存在权利冲突,故不足以排除强制执行。从利益衡量的视角考察,错误汇款排除强制执行同样正当性不足。

近代梅州侨乡批局经营网络研究——以1936年汕头批局登记详情表为证据

随着近代邮政档案的开发利用,为深入研究梅属批局经营网络提供了史料支持。利用广东省档案馆馆藏汕头批信局登记档案,以1936年梅州侨批网络为研究对象,分析了梅州侨批网络的关系构成、网络特征,首次呈现梅州侨批网络面貌。研究发现:(1)梅属批局与潮汕籍汕头批局合作紧密,梅州地区侨批多通过汕头批局进行转递,潮汕籍汕头批局是梅州侨批网络的重要组成部分。(2)海内外梅属批局多通过同乡(县)关系构建合作,服务范围主要是本县本乡乡亲,以同乡(县)关系保障侨批网络的运作。(3)梅州侨批网络并不存在以县域为界的帮派,梅州侨批网络内部呈碎片化分布,从而影响了梅州侨批网络的服务范围和效率。