First Discovery of Late Triassic Tuffs in the South Qilian Basin: Geochemical Characteristics, Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb Ages and Potential Source Regions

This investigation reports the first discovery of more than 70 tuff intervals in the Upper Triassic,South Qilian Basin.Petrographic and geochemical analyses were carried out on ten tuff samples and zircon U-Pb dating were on three.Thin section and X-ray diffraction(XRD)results indicate that the tuffs were composed of crystal shards and altered glass shards;crystal shards include plagio-clase and quartz.Most of the tuffs had been transformed into illite/smectite mixed-layers(I/S).In addition,calcite,pyrite,dolomite and siderite were also identified in some of the tuff samples.Analysis of major elements suggests that the tuffs are peraluminous high-K calcalkaline series.Trace elements indicate that the tuffs are enriched in high field strength elements(HFSE),including Th,U,Ta,Zr and Hf.Geochemical characteristics suggest that the tuffs originated from comendite pantellerite and rhyolite from within plate setting.Zircon U-Pb dating(236.0±1.7,231.4±1.6,and 223.1±3.9 Ma)indicate that the tuffs were erupted in the Late Triassic.Comparative chronology and geochemical analyses suggest that the West Qinling belt and the East Kunlun belt are the potential source regions of these tuffs,and they originated from the within plate magma during a post-collisional period.

Standardization of Qilian Juniper ring-width series in the eastern margin of the Qaidam Basin

Standardization is one of the important procedures in dendroclimatology. We used abundant Qilian juniper （Sabina przewalskii Kom.） tree-ring samples from the eastern margin of the Qaidam Basin to develop a new standardization method, i.e. total growth curve （TGC）. The samples that contained the complete pith and reached to the growing culmination around the 40th-60th year were used to fit TGC, and the generalized negative exponential function was used to fit the curve. Usually, most cores cannot reach the arboreal pith for some reasons and it is difficult to determine the arboreal cambial age. The empirical model of initial radial growth （IRG） was employed to estimate the number of rings missing from the pith by the same data and IRG model explained 90.9% of the variance. When developing the chronology, the cambial ages of cores that contained the complete pith were regarded as beginning from the first year and others were determined by the numbers of missing and included rings in the core. Standardization was accomplished by dividing each tree-ring series by corresponding TGC. The chronologies developed by TGC can retain more low-frequency variational information and TGC helps to develop more reliable tree-ring width chronology.

Structural Characteristics and Evolution of Jurassic Basins in the East of Middle Qilian Block

Structural characteristics of the Jurassic basins of Xining, Minhe, and Xiji in the east of middle Qilian were researched based on the data obtained by gravitational, magnetic, and seismic methods. The result shows that each of these three basins is an independent structural unit with a NW strike and being separated by upheavals. Two groups of faults with NW and NE directions are developed in the basin, which controls the formation and evolution of the (Jurassic basins). The NW faults are the main ones while the NE faults are the secondary for controlling the sedimentation. Of the three basins, the Minhe basin is the favorable prospecting area.

From Flysch to Molasse—Sedimentary and Tectonic Evolution of Late Caledonian -Early Hercynian Foreland Basin in North Qilian Mountains

The Late Caledonian to Early Hercynian North Qilian orogenic belt in no rthwestern China is an elongate tectonic unit situated between the North China p late in the north and the Qaidam plate in the south. North Qilian started in the latest Proterozoic to Cambrian as a rift basin on the southern margin of North China, and evolved later to an archipelagic ocean and active continental margin during the Ordovician and a foreland basin from Silurian to the Early and Middle Devonian. The Early Silurian flysch and submarine alluvial fan, the Middle to L ate Silurian shallow marine to tidal flat deposits and the Early and Middle Devo nian terrestrial molasse are developed along the corridor Nanshan. The shallowin g upward succession from subabyssal flysch, shallow marine, tidal flat to terre strial molasse and its gradually narrowed regional distribution demonstrate that the foreland basin experienced the transition from flysch stage to molasse stag e during the Silurian and Devonian time.

Response Relationship between the Seasonal Freezing-Thawing Process of Soil and Spatial Factor Changes in the Dayekou Basin of the Qilian Mountains

Objective: In this study, the influence and response relationship between the seasonal freezing-thawing process of soil and the spatial factor changes in the management and utilization of water resource processes were explored. Methods: The monitoring equipment in this study was arranged at different altitudes, gradients, and slope directions, such as the typical forest sample area in the Dayekou Basin of the Qilian Mountains. The spatial variation characteristics of the seasonal freezing-thawing process of the soil were analyzed, and a regression model was established. Results: 1) The results of this study determined that the rate of the soil’s freezing increased with the altitude in a trend of volatility. However, the rate of the thawing of the frozen soil was found to have an opposite trend. The variation degree of the freezing-thawing process increased with the altitude in a trend of volatility. The end time of the approximate soil freezing with altitude increased in a volatility trend ahead of schedule. However, the opposite was observed in the thawing rate of the frozen soil;2) The rate of the soil’s freezing under the mosses of the spruce forest at an altitude of 3028 m was found to be the lowest. However, in the sub-alpine scrub forest at an altitude of 3300 m, a maximum in the spatial ordering was observed, with an average of 1.9 cm·d-1. The thawing rate of the frozen soil in scrub-spruce forest at an altitude of 3300 m was found to be minimal. However, in the sunny slope grassland at an altitude of 2946 m, a maximum in the spatial ordering was observed, with an average of 1.5 cm·d-1. In the spatial ordering of the variation degree of the process of freezing-thawing with an average of 1.2, the scrub-grassland at an altitude of 2518 m was found to be the lowest, and the scrub-spruce forest at an altitude of 3195 m was also low;3) The soil freezing began on approximately October 20th, and the rate of soil freezing gradually became reduced. The arrival time of the frozen soil of up to 150 cm in depth in sub-alpine scrub forest was first observed at an altitude of 3028 m. However, the scrub-spruce forest at an altitude of 3100 m did not become frozen until approximately January 12th on average. Then, the thawing rate of the frozen soil increased gradually. The end time of the thawing was earliest observed in the sunny slope grassland at an altitude of 2946 m. However, the scrub-spruce forest at an altitude of 3100 m was found to be the last to thaw, and averaged approximately July 27th. The average durations of the freezing and thawing of the soil were 77 and 121 days, respectively, and the average duration of the entire process of freezing-thawing was 199 days;4) This study’s established regression models of the duration time of frozen soil’s thaw, and the rate of frozen soil’s thaw, all passed the R test of goodness of fit, F test of variance, and t test. Conclusions: The characteristics of the seasonal freezing-thawing process of the soil with the spatial changes were seasonal. However, the characteristics under the different spatial factor influences were not the same.

FROM BACK-ARC BASIN TO BACK-ARC FORELAND BASIN—THE SEDIMENTARY BASIN AND TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF THE LATE CALEDONIAN—EARLY HERCYNIAN STAGES IN CORRIDOR AND NORTH QILIAN MTS

Qilian orogenic belt is a typical orogenic belt formed by polycyclic collisions between the North China plate and Qaidam microplate. Qilian ocean originated from the rift of the late Proterozoic Rodinia continent(Pangea\|850), evolved through rift basin and became an archipelagic ocean in the Caledonian stage. The Lower Proterozoic strata in Qilian area are mid\|high\|rank metamorphic rocks that constitute the metamorphic basement of the area. The “Huangyuan Movement" (in South Qilian and Central Qilian) and "Alashan Movement" (in North Qilian) in the latest Late Proterozoic formed a regional unconformity. The middle Proterozoic in the area are mudstones and carbonate rocks with stromatolites and ooids. The Qingbaikou System of the upper Proterozoic in the North Qilian and Corridor region is also mudstone and carbonate rock with stromatolites. The Qingbaikou System in Central Qilian is sandstones and mudstones. There are alkaline and tholeiite in the Sinian System in North Qilian and Corridor. The contact between Qingbaikou System and Sinian System is a regional unconformity (Quanji Movement). Qilian ocean began to rift away in Caledonian tectonic stage on the Pre\|Sinian basement.

北祁连西段昌马地区晚奥陶世弧前沉积-构造演化

北祁连早古生代多岛洋盆的古地理格局和构造演化一直存在争议。位于北祁连南、北蛇绿岩之间的昌马地区广泛出露了一套早古生代深水火山-碎屑建造。早期填图工作普遍认为其形成于寒武纪至早奥陶世。本次研究对昌马西部的鹰嘴山和车路沟山南侧剖面开展系统的野外地质调查。并对采集到的浊积岩和火山岩样品开展了锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb定年工作。研究结果表明,原填为寒武系a岩组的鹰嘴山剖面所采集的砂岩样品2307NQL-13最年轻的锆石给出了(456±4)Ma的加权平均年龄;车路沟山南侧,原划归为下奥陶统阴沟群的安山岩样品2307NQL-06给出了(450±4)Ma的加权平均年龄,证明研究区大面积存在晚奥陶世沉积地层,现有年代地层方案需要重新审视。砂岩样品中的碎屑锆石以寒武纪—奥陶纪年龄为主,主要源于岩浆弧的剥蚀;32颗新元古代和古元古代碎屑锆石揭示古老基底物质的大量加入,表明晚奥陶世昌马地区沉积了大量来自中祁连的碎屑物质。来自中祁连基底的碎屑物质暗示北祁连洋的南分支已经闭合;碎屑物质形成于俯冲相关构造环境暗示北祁连洋的北分支俯冲仍在继续。本次研究给出的新数据将为昌马地区进一步的地层和沉积演化提供可靠的同位素年代约束,也为探讨北祁连洋早古生代复杂的俯冲、闭合过程提供重要依据。

Origin of the Gas Hydrate and Free Gas in the Qilian Permafrost,Northwest China:Evidence from Molecular Composition and Carbon Isotopes

The Qilian permafrost of the South Qilian Basin(SQB)has become a research focus since gas hydrates were discovered in 2009.Although many works from different perspectives have been conducted in this area,the origin of gas from gas hydrate is still controversial.Molecular composition and carbon isotope of 190 samples related to gas hydrates collected from 11 boreholes allowed exploration of genetic type,thermal maturity,biodegradation,as well as gas-source correlation of alkane gases from gas hydrates and free gases.Results indicate that alkane gases biodegraded after the formation of natural gas.According to differences in carbon isotopes of methane and their congeners(CH4,C2H6,C3H8),the thermal maturity(vitrinite reflectance,VRo)of most alkane gases ranges from 0.6%to 1.5%,indicating a mature to high mature stage.The thermal maturity VRo of a small part of alkane gas(in boreholes DK5 and DK6)is higher than 1.3%,indicating a high mature stage.Alkane gases were mainly produced by secondary cracking,consisting of crude oilcracking gases and wet gases cracking to dry gases.Genetic types of alkane gases are primarily oil-type gases generated from shales and mudstones in the upper Yaojie Formation of Jurassic,with less coal-type gases originated from the mudstones in the Triassic Galedesi Formation and the lower Yaojie Formation of Jurassic.Carbon dioxides associated with alkanes from gas hydrates and free gases indicate the thermal decomposition and biodegradation of organic matter.The origins of natural gases from gas hydrates and free gases shed light on the evaluation of petroleum resource potential,deeply buried sediments,and petroleum resource exploration in the SQB.

祁连山国家公园(甘肃片区)土地利用时空演变及驱动因素分析——以黑河流域为例

黑河发源于祁连山北麓,黑河流域拥有丰富的生态资源,但受气候变化和人类活动的影响,生态风险明显增加。本文以黑河流域为例,分析2009—2018年祁连山国家公园(甘肃片区)土地利用时空演变,指出生态保护存在的主要问题,然后提出政策建议,以推动生态修复,遏制生态退化。总体来说,要强化监管,长效维持生态修复成果;加强管护能力,提升林区队伍专业化水平;提高居民生态意识,减少人类活动对环境的负面影响;开展综合治理,加速生态修复。

Snowline and Snow Cover Monitoring at High Spatial Resolution in a Mountainous River Basin Based on a Timelapse Camera at a Daily Scale

Snowline change and snow cover distribution patterns are still poorly understood in steep alpine basins of the Qilian Mountainous region because fast changes in snow cover cannot be observed by current sensing methods due to their short time scale. To address this issue of daily snowline and snow cover observations, a groundbased EOS 7D camera and four infrared digital hunting video cameras(LTL5210A) were installed around the Hulugou river basin(HRB) in the Qilian Mountains along northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau(38°15'54 "N, 99°52'53" E) in September 2011.Pictures taken with the EOS 7D camera were georeferenced and the data from four LIL5210 A cameras and snow depth sensors were used to assist snow cover estimation. The results showed that the time-lapse photography can be very useful and precise for monitoring snowline and snow cover in mountainous regions. The snowline and snow cover evolution at this basin can be precisely captured at daily scale. In HRB snow cover is mainly established after October, and the maximum snow cover appeared during February and March. The consistent rise of the snowline and decrease in snow cover appeared after middle part of March. This melt process is strongly associated with air temperature increase.

Paleozoic and Mesozoic Basement Magmatisms of Eastern Qaidam Basin,Northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau:LA-ICP-MS Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and its Geological Significance

The eastern margin of the Qaidam Basin lies in the key tectonic location connecting the Qinling, Qilian and East Kunlun orogens. The paper presents an investigation and analysis of the geologic structures of the area and LA-ICP MS zircon U-Pb dating of Paleozoic and Mesozoic magmatisms of granitoids in the basement of the eastern Qaidam Basin on the basis of 16 granitoid samples collected from the South Qilian Mountains, the Qaidam Basin basement and the East Kunlun Mountains. According to the results in this paper, the basement of the basin, from the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin to the East Kunlun Mountains, has experienced at least three periods of intrusive activities of granitoids since the Early Paleozoic, i.e. the magmatisms occurring in the Late Cambrian （493.1±4.9 Ma）, the Silurian （422.9±8.0 Ma-420.4±4.6 Ma） and the Late Permian-Middle Triassic （257.8±4.0 Ma-228.8＋1.5 Ma）, respectively. Among them, the Late Permian - Middle Triassic granitoids form the main components of the basement of the basin. The statistics of dated zircons in this paper shows the intrusive magmatic activities in the basement of the basin have three peak ages of 244 Ma （main）, 418 Ma, and 493 Ma respectively. The dating results reveal that the Early Paleozoic magmatism of granitoids mainly occurred on the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin and the southern margin of the Qilian Mountains, with only weak indications in the East Kunlun Mountains. However, the distribution of Permo-Triassic （P-T） granitoids occupied across the whole basement of the eastern Qaidam Basin from the southern margin of the Qilian Mountains to the East Kunlun Mountains. An integrated analysis of the age distribution of P-T granitoids in the Qaidam Basin and its surrounding mountains shows that the earliest P-T magmatism （293.6-270 Ma） occurred in the northwestern part of the basin and expanded eastwards and southwards, resulting in the P-T intrusive magmatism that ran through the whole basin basement. As the Cenozoic basement thrust system developed in the eastern Qaidam Basin, the nearly N-S-trending shortening and deformation in the basement of the basin tended to intensify from west to east, which went contrary to the distribution trend of N-S-trending shortening and deformation in the Cenozoic cover of the basin, reflecting that there was a transformation of shortening and thickening of Cenozoic crust between the eastern and western parts of the Qaidam Basin, i.e., the crustal shortening of eastern Qaidam was dominated by the basement deformation （triggered at the middle and lower crust）, whereas that of western Qaidam was mainly by folding and thrusting of the sedimentary cover （the upper crust）.

Study of temperature and precipitation change in upstream mountain area of the Hexi inland river basin since 1960s

All rivers in the Hexi inland region of Gansu Province, China, originate from the northern slope of the Qilian Mountains. They are located in the southern portion of the region and respectively belong to the three large river systems from east to west, the Shiyang, Heihe and Shule river basins. These rivers are supplied by precipitation, snowmelt and ice-melt runoff from the Qilian Mountain area. Therefore, changes of precipitation and temperature in the upstream watersheds of these rivers have an important effect on changes of mountainous runoff and reasonable utilization of water resources in this region. For this reason, the Qilian Mountain area, upstream watersheds and runoff forming areas of these rivers are chosen as the study area. The change characteristics and variation trend of temperature and precipitation in this area under the backdrop of global warming axe analyzed based on observa- tional data of relational weather and hydrologic stations in the area. Results show that temperatures in the upriver mountain areas of these three large river basins have been increasing, although the increasing degree is differentially affected by global warming. The rising extent of annual and seasonal temperatures in the upstream mountain area of the Shule river basin located in the west- em Qilian Mountains, were all largest over the past 50 years. Precipitation in the upstream mountain areas of Hexi region＇ three river basins located respectively in the western, middle and eastern Qilian Mountains have been presenting an increasing trend to varying degrees as a whole for more than 50 years. This means that climate in the upstream mountain areas of Hexi region＇ three river basins are becoming increasingly warmer and moister over the past 50 years, which will be very good for the ecological en- vironment and agricultural production in the region.

祁连造山带构造演化与新生代变形历史

祁连造山带位于东特提斯北缘,蛇绿混杂岩带、(超)高压变质岩和弧岩浆岩等广泛发育,是前新生代华北克拉通与柴达木古地块之间多期次俯冲、碰撞和造山形成的复合造山带。现今的祁连山是青藏高原北缘高原隆升与扩展的关键构造带,具有复杂的陆内变形构造和深部结构,记录了新生代高原生长过程中不同阶段的构造变形和盆山演化历史。本文在区域地质研究资料的综合分析基础上,讨论祁连造山带元古宙变质基底属性、新元古代—古生代古海洋演化和中—新生代构造变形特征,探讨祁连(山)造山带的构造演化过程和陆内变形历史。祁连造山带发育新元古代早期和早古生代两期岩浆弧,分别代表了古祁连洋和(南、北)祁连洋的俯冲碰撞事件;亲华北的基底属性指示了祁连洋实属陆缘海。新生代青藏高原东北缘发育两阶段构造变形和盆山演化,在中新世完成了由新生代早期以逆冲断裂活动为主向走滑断裂和逆冲断裂共同作用的转变,随着东昆仑山的快速隆起将古近纪大盆地隔开成两个盆地,即现今的柴达木盆地和可可西里盆地。中新世中晚期以来,青藏高原东北缘的构造格局主要受控于东昆仑和海原两个近乎平行的大型转换挤压构造系统的发育、顺时针旋转和侧向生长。大型走滑断裂系统在造山带内的生长过程与发育机制是陆内变形研究的中心问题,需要进一步的定量化研究。

祁连山讨赖河流域上游积雪时空分布及其变化研究

积雪是冰冻圈的重要组成部分,在水文循环和能量平衡中起着重要的作用。积雪时空分布及其变化分析是研究内陆河流域出山径流形成、分布及变异的前提。论文以祁连山讨赖河流域上游为研究区,采用降尺度方法获取高分辨率雪深数据,并基于Sen斜率法、敏感性分析和贡献率计算方法,分析2002—2018年间雪深时空变化,揭示积雪对地形及气候等因子的响应规律。结果表明:讨赖河流域上游雪深介于0~2.50 cm之间,变率介于-0.19~0.06 cm·a^(-1)之间,域内雪深减小面积占比68.30%。雪深随海拔的增大而增加,以海拔2 500 m为界发生增减变化,高海拔地区呈减小趋势;雪深随坡度增加则呈先增后减的趋势;各坡向雪深均呈减小态势,西北坡尤为显著。从敏感性均值来看,气温和辐射对雪深具负向抑减效应,降水则具正向促增效应。高海拔区域降水对积雪变化的贡献率相对较大;低海拔河谷地带气温对积雪变化的贡献更为显著。本研究为内陆河流域上游积雪动态研究提供了范例,对出山径流模拟、预测以及流域水资源管理具有一定参考价值。

昌马盆地内发现活动正断层

昌马盆地为祁连山西端的山间盆地,前人一直关注其周边断裂(如昌马断裂)的构造变形,盆地内部变形则鲜有研究。基于遥感解译和野外考察、探槽开挖、差分GPS和放射性碳(14 C)测年等方法,发现昌马盆地西北部的一条活动断层。断层长约4 km,总体走向NEE,倾向SE,倾角陡立,断层地貌表现为陡坎、复陡坎、断层沟槽等,陡坎高度0~5.6 m,由WS向NE逐渐增大。断层运动性质以正断为主,最新活动时代为全新世,并识别出2期古地震事件:6670~6885 a B.P.和26330~26915 a B.P.。研究结果表明,在青藏高原东北缘向NE方向挤压扩展的背景下,祁连山造山带发生NW-SE向伸展,导致其西端受到SE向拉张作用而形成正断层。

祁连山排露沟流域径流对气候及下垫面变化的响应

在全球气候变暖和人类活动的共同影响下,中国西北干旱半干旱区水循环变化与水资源再分配正在改变区域生态环境。在长时间序列尺度上,仍缺乏对西北内陆河径流变化机制与特征时空格局的统一认识。本研究以祁连山排露沟流域为试验区,基于量水堰实测长序列径流数据,采用线性回归法、Mann-Kendall、滑动t、Pettitt和累积距平等检验方法,分析排露沟流域1994—2020年径流序列的变化趋势和突变年份;以气象站监测和人工潜在蒸发观测数据为基础,采用Budyko假设水热耦合平衡模型对排露沟流域径流量变化趋势进行归因分析;以固定样地2003—2021年每木检尺数据,采用材积源生物量法,对排露沟流域15个乔木固定样地的1017棵青海云杉的碳密度进行估算。结果表明:(1)1994—2020年排露沟流域径流量波动变化,丰枯交替,但整体呈现增加趋势,2006年径流发生突变,突变后的年平均径流量增加了9.53×10^(4) m^(3),增加率为34.88%。(2)在2007—2020年的突变期,排露沟流域径流对降水、潜在蒸发和流域下垫面参数的弹性系数分别为3.15、-0.70和-0.68,且各因子对径流的贡献率分别为87.92%、19.97%和-7.89%,表明径流量对降水量变化最为敏感,气候因子中潜在蒸发对径流的影响大于流域下垫面的变化。(3)2003—2021年排露沟流域青海云杉平均碳密度为63.09 Mg C·hm^(-2),平均每年增长速率为1.94%。在人类活动干扰较小的条件下,森林植被的碳储量和碳密度变化是引起流域下垫面参数波动的主要原因。研究结果可为流域管理部门制定自然资源保护与水资源合理分配及调用方案提供科学依据,为生态环境保护部门在权衡林水效益方面提供参考。

南祁连盆地三叠系烃源岩有机地球化学特征

通过系统的野外剖面测量和样品采集，并运用岩石热解、有机碳测试、干酪根分析、镜质体反射率、饱和烃气相色谱、透射光照射等技术进行室内样品测试，综合评价了南祁连盆地三叠系碳酸盐岩和泥岩露头样品的有机质丰度、类型和成熟度，探讨了有机质的原始沉积环境和生源特征。结果表明：尕勒得寺组（T3g）属于好烃源岩，有机质类型为Ⅰ～Ⅱ型，大加连组（T_2d）为Ⅱ～Ⅲ型；有机质演化程度高，处于高一过成熟阶段；碳酸盐岩和泥质岩沉积环境分别为海陆过渡相和陆源为主；碳酸盐岩与泥岩有机质生源分别为生物降解的水毕毕物和陆堆毕物．

地气测量在北祁连盆地区找矿突破及其意义

北祁连地区是我国最重要的块状硫化物床成矿省之一,虽然该区分布有我国最大的块状硫化物矿床———白银矿田,以及200多处中小型矿床及矿(化)点,但除白银矿田外,多年来在找大矿方面未能突破。原因在于缺乏必要的手段,找矿勘探工作仅限于盆地周边的出露区。近几年,地气测量在黑河盆地的红层覆盖区先后发现了赖都滩和白柳沟矿体,不仅说明地气测量方法有效,而且说明黑河盆地具有寻找大型白银式多金属矿床的潜力。建议采用地气法对整个盆地进行系统勘查,并结合其它方法,优选出最佳的找矿靶区。作者认为,本区找矿突破可为整个北祁连地区其他盆地寻找块状硫化物矿床指出新的找矿方向,将找矿重点转到盆地区,以实现我国块状硫化物矿床勘查的全面突破。

南祁连盆地二叠系海相烃源岩地球化学特征及其对物源属性和古环境的约束

南祁连盆地在经过多阶段油气勘探后虽然取得了一系列成果,但一直没有突破性进展。本文在结合前人研究基础上,通过系统的野外地质剖面测量和样品采集,以泥岩和碳酸盐岩的干酪根、饱和烃气相色谱、饱和烃质谱、主量、微量、稀土元素等分析技术为手段,综合评价二叠系海相烃源岩有机质成熟度、有机质类型和沉积环境。研究表明:二叠系处于缺氧环境、还原程度较高的高盐度沉积环境;泥岩有机质类型为Ⅱ2型,具单一有机质来源,有机质成熟度较高,来源于陆源高等植物的木质部分,为区内较有利烃源岩;碳酸盐岩有机质类型以Ⅲ型为主、Ⅱ2型为辅,具多种有机质来源,有机质成熟度中等,来源于具有陆源、水生二元性,是区内有利烃源岩;二叠系沉积物主要为长英质岩石,源岩来自上地壳并受到了一定富集作用的影响。刚察凹陷以潮湿环境下湿热程度较高、水体较深盐度较高的氧化环境为特征,而哈拉湖凹陷以干热环境下湿热程度较低、水体相对较浅盐度较低的氧化环境。本文为南祁连盆地下一步油气资源评价、勘探开发提供了翔实的参考价值和指导基础。

南祁连盆地石炭系可能烃源岩的甾萜烷地球化学特征及意义

作者应用生物标记物分析技术 ,结合其它地球化学资料 ,对南祁连石炭系碳酸盐岩和泥岩进行了有机质生源构成、沉积环境、成熟度和生油潜力等方面的初步研究。研究结果表明 ,该烃源岩发育的沉积环境为海相还原环境 ,有机母质主要为低等水生生物兼有高等植物的混入 ,有机质类型为腐殖 腐泥型和腐泥型 ,有机质丰度高 ,成熟度较高 。