This paper studied the gardening activities and characteristics of Xu-style gardens in the Qin and Han Dynasties by combining ancient literature with the study of Han Dynasty stone reliefs.The results showed that by Q...This paper studied the gardening activities and characteristics of Xu-style gardens in the Qin and Han Dynasties by combining ancient literature with the study of Han Dynasty stone reliefs.The results showed that by Qin and Han Dynasties,the imperial(royal)gardens and private gardens in ancient Xuzhou had developed in parallel.Imperial(royal)gardens were built by or for vassal kings,First Emperor of Qin Dynasty,Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty Liu Bang,for example,Pei Palace,Yanqi Tai,Xima Tai,Hanzu Temple,Lingguang Palace of Lu and so on.As for private gardens,stone reliefs in medium or small tombs owned by the bigwigs or the rich were collected from ancient Xuzhou,and from which we can see clearly the development of private garden from the court,the yard to the garden,rich garden plants and animal species,garden architecture types such as hall,building,pavilion,platform,boat,corridor,gate,gatetower,ornamental column etc.,particularly,hanging waterside pavilion was a unique architectural form of Xu-style garden.These achievements showed that Xu-style garden architecture had been transformed from the pre-Qin incubation period to the generation period.展开更多
The Southern Silk Road ran through Sichuan,Yunnan,and other provinces of China.It was a vital transport artery that linked the region of the southwestern Yi(barbarian tribes)to the Central Plains and influenced politi...The Southern Silk Road ran through Sichuan,Yunnan,and other provinces of China.It was a vital transport artery that linked the region of the southwestern Yi(barbarian tribes)to the Central Plains and influenced politics,economy,and culture in the region of the southwestern Yi in ancient times.The imperial governments of the Qin and Han dynasties kept developing regions along the Southern Silk Road.Their relentless efforts brought about social development in the region of the southwestern Yi in three aspects.Politically,they established the county system and step by step integrated the southwestern frontier and the inland into an administrative whole;economically,they implemented“presenting generous gifts and tax exemption,”spread the advanced production technology from the Central Plains,and promoted local economic growth;ideologically,they spread Confucianism and culture,and promoted cultural exchange and development.展开更多
Under the guidance of the “the Belt and Road” policy, the academic community continues to study the historical relics of the western regions and military facilities along the silk road in recent years. Focusing on t...Under the guidance of the “the Belt and Road” policy, the academic community continues to study the historical relics of the western regions and military facilities along the silk road in recent years. Focusing on the military defense buildings in the western regions of the Han and Tang Dynasties, CiteSpace software is used to conduct statistical and visual analysis on the hot issues of relevant literature in the military buildings on the silk road. Based on the analysis of frontier hot issues, the research trend of future topics is analyzed and predicted. The research shows that the frontier hot spots of military architecture in the western regions of Han and Tang Dynasties are extensive, and the research trend is steadily rising.展开更多
In ancient Chinese history,the Western Zhou Dynasty has long been renowned for having expanded its control and territory into many other states.However,historical documents and archaeological records of this period ar...In ancient Chinese history,the Western Zhou Dynasty has long been renowned for having expanded its control and territory into many other states.However,historical documents and archaeological records of this period are limited;thus the early history of the Western Zhou Dynasty's operation in eastern China and its establishment of the Qi and Lu states have been unclear.The discovery of the Chenzhuang city site in Gaoqing County,Shandong Province,with chariot-horse pits,an altar and bronze vessels with inscriptions,adds a new line of evidence for studying the history of this period.However,with no direct evidence,the nature of the city site is controversial.Plant remains,especially a large number of sweet clover seeds,recovered from this site by systematic archaeobotanical methods provide an important source of information for research into the site's function.Considering that modern sweet clover is superior fodder for horses and the sweet clover seeds from the Chenzhuang site coexist with chariot-horse pits and horse remains,it is suggested these sweet clover seeds might represent the fodder of battle steeds.This suggestion supports the opinion of those who believe the Chenzhuang city site was once an important military city of the Western Zhou Dynasty in eastern China.展开更多
文摘This paper studied the gardening activities and characteristics of Xu-style gardens in the Qin and Han Dynasties by combining ancient literature with the study of Han Dynasty stone reliefs.The results showed that by Qin and Han Dynasties,the imperial(royal)gardens and private gardens in ancient Xuzhou had developed in parallel.Imperial(royal)gardens were built by or for vassal kings,First Emperor of Qin Dynasty,Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty Liu Bang,for example,Pei Palace,Yanqi Tai,Xima Tai,Hanzu Temple,Lingguang Palace of Lu and so on.As for private gardens,stone reliefs in medium or small tombs owned by the bigwigs or the rich were collected from ancient Xuzhou,and from which we can see clearly the development of private garden from the court,the yard to the garden,rich garden plants and animal species,garden architecture types such as hall,building,pavilion,platform,boat,corridor,gate,gatetower,ornamental column etc.,particularly,hanging waterside pavilion was a unique architectural form of Xu-style garden.These achievements showed that Xu-style garden architecture had been transformed from the pre-Qin incubation period to the generation period.
基金This paper is a phased research result of the“Studies of the Southern Silk Road and Social Change in the Southwestern Frontier of the Qin and Han Dynasties”(BSYB19-05)a 2019 general program funded by the Center for Bashu Cultural Studies,Sichuan Normal University(a provincial-level key research base for humanities and social sciences funded by the Ministry of Education of the PRC)also a phased research result of“Studies of the Southern Silk Road and the Development and Governance of the Southwest of the Qin and Han Dynasties”(19YB19),a 2019 general program funded by Sichuan Academy of Social Sciences.
文摘The Southern Silk Road ran through Sichuan,Yunnan,and other provinces of China.It was a vital transport artery that linked the region of the southwestern Yi(barbarian tribes)to the Central Plains and influenced politics,economy,and culture in the region of the southwestern Yi in ancient times.The imperial governments of the Qin and Han dynasties kept developing regions along the Southern Silk Road.Their relentless efforts brought about social development in the region of the southwestern Yi in three aspects.Politically,they established the county system and step by step integrated the southwestern frontier and the inland into an administrative whole;economically,they implemented“presenting generous gifts and tax exemption,”spread the advanced production technology from the Central Plains,and promoted local economic growth;ideologically,they spread Confucianism and culture,and promoted cultural exchange and development.
文摘Under the guidance of the “the Belt and Road” policy, the academic community continues to study the historical relics of the western regions and military facilities along the silk road in recent years. Focusing on the military defense buildings in the western regions of the Han and Tang Dynasties, CiteSpace software is used to conduct statistical and visual analysis on the hot issues of relevant literature in the military buildings on the silk road. Based on the analysis of frontier hot issues, the research trend of future topics is analyzed and predicted. The research shows that the frontier hot spots of military architecture in the western regions of Han and Tang Dynasties are extensive, and the research trend is steadily rising.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41072135)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA05130603-B)the Special Natural Science Project of Independent Innovation Foundation,Shandong University (2009JC24)
文摘In ancient Chinese history,the Western Zhou Dynasty has long been renowned for having expanded its control and territory into many other states.However,historical documents and archaeological records of this period are limited;thus the early history of the Western Zhou Dynasty's operation in eastern China and its establishment of the Qi and Lu states have been unclear.The discovery of the Chenzhuang city site in Gaoqing County,Shandong Province,with chariot-horse pits,an altar and bronze vessels with inscriptions,adds a new line of evidence for studying the history of this period.However,with no direct evidence,the nature of the city site is controversial.Plant remains,especially a large number of sweet clover seeds,recovered from this site by systematic archaeobotanical methods provide an important source of information for research into the site's function.Considering that modern sweet clover is superior fodder for horses and the sweet clover seeds from the Chenzhuang site coexist with chariot-horse pits and horse remains,it is suggested these sweet clover seeds might represent the fodder of battle steeds.This suggestion supports the opinion of those who believe the Chenzhuang city site was once an important military city of the Western Zhou Dynasty in eastern China.