Due to the Manchu-Mongolian intermarriage policy implemented during the Qing Dynasty,a substantial number of Manchu,Mongolian and Han Chinese accompanied royal figures,commonly referred to as"princesses",to ...Due to the Manchu-Mongolian intermarriage policy implemented during the Qing Dynasty,a substantial number of Manchu,Mongolian and Han Chinese accompanied royal figures,commonly referred to as"princesses",to Mongolia as dowry households.The dowry household system underwent customization during the Qianlong period,and its temporal and spatial distribution,influenced by policies and various factors,exhibited a gradual decline from east to west.The impact of these dowry households on Inner Mongolian society is predominantly manifested in people's mobility,economic structures,and social organization forms within the Inner Mongolia Region.This article utilizes official archives,historical records,and folk memories to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the communication,interaction and integration between princess"dowry households and ethnic group in Inner Mongolia.展开更多
Lacking a centralized fiscal administration to manage taxation collection and transfer before 1904, the Qing court relied solely on the palace memorial system to enforce overland silver shipment when transferring prov...Lacking a centralized fiscal administration to manage taxation collection and transfer before 1904, the Qing court relied solely on the palace memorial system to enforce overland silver shipment when transferring provincial revenues. However, after 1860 provincial officials gradually discarded the conventional procedure for overland silver shipment and employed third-party private financiers to deliver provincial revenues. After four failed campaigns against private financial firms＇ interference in imperial fiscal affairs, the palace memorial system became inefficient for the implementation of public financial policies at the local level. The Qing dynasty＇s prolonged and uneasy financial transformation from a minimalist Confucian agrarian empire to an expanding modem fiscal state from 1860 to 1904 was the underlying reason for the declining effectiveness of the palace memorial system in supervising public finance and the ultimate reason for the empire＇s increasing financial vulnerability during that period.展开更多
基金This paper is a phased achievement of the national"14th Five-Year Plan"major cultural project"Compilation Project of the History of the Chinese Nation's Communication,Interaction and Integration"(Late Qing Dynasty volume)major project of the Ministry of Education base"Study on the Border Governance Model of the Qing Dynasty"(19JJD770010).
文摘Due to the Manchu-Mongolian intermarriage policy implemented during the Qing Dynasty,a substantial number of Manchu,Mongolian and Han Chinese accompanied royal figures,commonly referred to as"princesses",to Mongolia as dowry households.The dowry household system underwent customization during the Qianlong period,and its temporal and spatial distribution,influenced by policies and various factors,exhibited a gradual decline from east to west.The impact of these dowry households on Inner Mongolian society is predominantly manifested in people's mobility,economic structures,and social organization forms within the Inner Mongolia Region.This article utilizes official archives,historical records,and folk memories to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the communication,interaction and integration between princess"dowry households and ethnic group in Inner Mongolia.
文摘Lacking a centralized fiscal administration to manage taxation collection and transfer before 1904, the Qing court relied solely on the palace memorial system to enforce overland silver shipment when transferring provincial revenues. However, after 1860 provincial officials gradually discarded the conventional procedure for overland silver shipment and employed third-party private financiers to deliver provincial revenues. After four failed campaigns against private financial firms＇ interference in imperial fiscal affairs, the palace memorial system became inefficient for the implementation of public financial policies at the local level. The Qing dynasty＇s prolonged and uneasy financial transformation from a minimalist Confucian agrarian empire to an expanding modem fiscal state from 1860 to 1904 was the underlying reason for the declining effectiveness of the palace memorial system in supervising public finance and the ultimate reason for the empire＇s increasing financial vulnerability during that period.
