The Shu Road and the Silk Road:Re-verifying the Diffusion Route of Indian Buddhism in Central China

The Shu Road is an important part of the Silk Road.As the transfer station for connecting the Maritime Silk Road with the Overland Silk Road and the starting point of the Southwestern Silk Road,Shu Yuandu Dao Route(Sichuan-India Road)-the predecessor of the Southwestern Silk Road,was the cultural exchange passage for China and its overseas neighbors before the opening of the famous Overland Silk Road.According to many archaeological findings and materials,Buddhism was introduced into the Central Plains along the Silk Road during the first century BC.Meanwhile,it was introduced into Bashu(the Sichuan Basin and its surrounding areas)along the Southwest Silk Road during the Eastern Han Dynasty(25-220)and was integrated into local cultures,which lead to the creation of the brilliant Buddhist culture and arts.

How to Develop into An International Metropolis in the Context of the Silk Road Economic Belt —— A Case Study of Xi'an

For Xi'an,the central city of the Silk Road Economic Belt,it is both the theoretical and practical problem to develop into an international metropolis,so how to develop into an international metropolis becomes the research focus. This paper firstly introduces the necessity,the current situation and the evaluation index system of the construction of the city Xi'an in the context of the Silk Road Economic Belt; then it analyzes the econom ic developm ent of the three old districts,the three new districts,the three suburban districts and the four counties; and finally it puts forward the development path for Xi'an in the context of the Silk Road Economic Belt — the development pattern of "five districts,one international harbor area and two bases""nine-grid-pattern "economic development and the function-oriented coordinated development of the regional economy.

Comprehensive Risk Prevention of "Ice Silk Road" Construction in the Context of Global Warming

The Report of the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has taken the Belt and Road Initiative and the implementation of the the Belt and Road Initiative as essential parts of China’s economic construction and multi-faceted diplomatic layout. As an important navigation channel for the ' 21 st Century Maritime Silk Road',the Arctic Route has unlimited development prospects in scientific research,transportation,resources,tourism,etc. Therefore,it is feasible to take this opportunity to adhere to the three policy concepts of respect,cooperation and mutual benefit,to deepen political,economic,trade and scientific and technological cooperation with the Arctic countries and interested countries. Starting from the joint creation of the ' Ice Silk Road' between China and Russia,this paper analyzed the enormous challenges faced by traditional routes. The Arctic Route has the obvious advantages and the values of economy,politics,resources,shipping and scientific research. The development of Arctic Route faces threats and limitations of substrate data,development technologies,and extreme marine meteorological disasters. Therefore,this paper believes that the development and construction of the Arctic Route with the aid of meteorology should be fully integrated into the construction of Belt and Road Initiative,strengthen the research on the geographical and climatic environment of the Arctic Ocean,deepen the monitoring of climate services and climate change in the Arctic Ocean,and create a safe Arctic Route. Besides,it is necessary to vigorously enhance the international cooperation and exchanges in the research of the Arctic Ocean,and build a large-scale scientific research plan with the aid of the joint creation of ' Ice Silk Road' by China and Russia. Besides,it is recommended to develop a variety of meteorological observation methods to enhance the early warning capability of disaster prevention and mitigation. In particular,it is recommended to vigorously develop the offshore meteorological observation capability of the ' Ice Silk Road',and continuously meet the needs of meteorological services and disaster prevention and mitigation for the construction of Belt and Road Initiative. In addition,it is necessary to comprehensively build a Chinese meteorological polar discipline system to meet the future demands of the Arctic Route.

Management of Chinese Foreign Direct Investment：＂One Belt, One Road＂ Across Eurasia to Africa and Europe Amidst Maritime Tensions in the South China Sea Region

Outward Foreign Direct Investment （OFDI） from the People＇s Republic of China （＂China＂） has been expandingworldwide, much as Inward Foreign Direct Investment （IFDI） from the world into China has burgeoned, at leastuntil very recently. Global FDI declined worldwide in 2014, with China＇s IFDI declining less than many placeselsewhere, resulting in China overtaking the United States as the world＇s most attractive location for FDI for thefirst time since 2003, before India overtook China in 2015 （Iyengar, 2015）. In 2014, meanwhile, for the first time,China＇s OFDI exceeded its IFDI, rendering it a net exporter of FDI, signaling the end of the approach to the end ofChina as a developing nation （Yao ＆ Wang, 2014）. What does this mean？ More than anything else, one mustconsider two factors in assessing China＇s 21st century foreign ambitions： Is its One Belt, One Road （OBOR） ageopolitical tetrahedron as some allege, if so, economically or militarily？ Is its maritime policy across the WesternPacific Rim of Asia aimed at constructing a fleet of surface cruisers and submarines to wage a guerre de course（war of the chase）, much as German vice admiral Wolfgang Wegener urged Imperial Germany to do in world War Ithen Nazi Germany to do in World War II, in an effort to dominate merchant sea routes thereby disrupting supplieswithout recourse to a ＂balanced fleet＂ such as Britain possessed in World Wars I and II and the United Statesoperates currently？ Both China＇s ＂New Silk Road＂ and the ＂New Maritime Silk Route＂ are at the root of ageopolitical tetrahedron. Chinese domination of the South China Sea and to a lesser extent of the East China Searegions signals its potential guerre de course strategy. Is there an antidote to conflict in Asia, if so, what is it？

“一带一路”北极航道开发:动力、趋势及中国应对

全球气候变暖优化了北极航道的开发条件,在国际局势动荡导致全球贸易不确定性上升的背景下,中俄共建“冰上丝绸之路”,以北极航道为主要发展对象开发国际航运新通道,将成为中国对外贸易高质量发展的新路径。目前,北极航道在港口、船舶、货运、航运制度等方面初具规模,且中俄已在北极航道国际运输合作中打下了坚实基础,中国正面临打通对外经贸往来新通道的重要机遇,但也面临着国际航运业市场低迷、北极航道航行成本波动性较大、俄罗斯北极地区投资环境不佳、北极地区生态环境保护急迫、北极治理制度不完善等多重挑战。为此,中国应积极参与北极航道基础设施建设、建立针对性投资风险管理制度、参与北极生态环境治理工程、推动搭建更合理的北极治理机制,以提高北极开发质量和效率,并巩固中国在北极开发中的地位。

宋元时期龙泉青瓷外销路线探析

龙泉青瓷是贯穿海上丝绸之路繁荣时期的重要外销商品。文章以宋元时期澉浦、杭州、明州、温州、泉州五个港口的市舶司机构沿革为切入点,详细剖析了龙泉青瓷在深山大岙中从北路往明州、杭州及澉浦,中路往温州,南路往泉州的陆上运输路线及海上大致航道。

草原丝路沿线历史村镇空间特征及演进规律

文章聚焦草原丝绸之路,以张库商道内蒙古段沿线1133个历史村镇为研究对象,探究历史村镇时空分布集聚性与自然环境、古道的耦合关系;总结出军防影响型、寺庙影响型、商贸影响型3类历史村镇的形态、功能特征,并通过区域系统理论分析历史村镇演进的内在驱动因素与外在影响因素,进而得出其演进规律。文章在理论上构建了草原丝路沿线历史村镇的研究框架,为后续沿线历史村镇遗产保护提供基础,为一带一路战略下沿线历史村镇人居环境可持续发展提供理论依据。

文化线路视角下广东海上丝绸之路史迹的功能与价值

作为一条以贸易物品直接命名的文化线路,海上丝绸之路开通之初的最直接目的是商品贸易。交通功能主要通过连接不同地域间的节点遗迹,如港口、码头、航标、沉船等来表现。交流功能是海上丝绸之路的最主要特征,相关遗存集中反映了两千多年沿线不同地域、不同族群之间积极而深远的相互交流和相互影响,展现了东西方之间物品、人员、文化、技术、宗教等跨海交流和文明互鉴。而古代沿海居民出于对海洋未知世界的祈福,诞生了海神信仰,由此衍生出海上丝绸之路的信仰功能。政治功能主要表现在政府对海外贸易的管理制度和对远洋船舶进行管理而修筑的海防设施。本文基于广东省海上丝绸之路史迹的系统调查,认为广东的海上丝绸之路史迹具有起始年代早、时代跨度大、数量众多、类型丰富、保存较好等特点。这些史迹点充分展现了线路的各项功能,体现了遗产的真实性与完整性。在开展海上丝绸之路遗产保护工作中,建议同时关注能够体现线路价值的相关史迹点,加大保护管理力度,共同促进遗产的可持续发展。

共建“冰上丝绸之路”下北方航道利用环境与安全法律规制协调研究

中俄共建“冰上丝绸之路”是中俄合作在新时期面临的新机遇。北方航道是“冰上丝绸之路”倡议的重要组成部分。在两国建交75周年之际,中俄有望进一步根据双方联合声明培育共建“冰上丝绸之路”合作新动能。俄罗斯有关北方航道利用的国内法存在海洋环境保护法律规制与航行安全保障法律规制之间不协调的情况。这种不协调影响了包括中国在内北极利益攸关方便利利用北方航道。在中俄总理定期会晤委员会机制框架下成立的中俄北极航道合作分委会,有助于在中俄之间达成协调北方航道利用的环境与安全法律规制的外交共识。这种外交共识一旦达成后,中国可进一步考虑与俄罗斯共同促成双向互惠安排,以在中俄之间实现北方航道利用的海洋环境保护与航行安全保障法律规制的协调。此类双向互惠安排可涉及北方航道破冰引航、北方航道航行许可发放、北方航道航行海事信息汇报、港口国检查、上下俄罗斯籍船舶许可的发放、登临检查等方面。中国从北方航道基础设施建设、船舶技术和建造合作、融资支持、执法合作等方面全方位参与北方航道建设,有助于最大程度确保中俄双向互惠安排的达成与落实。

杖锡泛海:唐代海上丝绸之路南线高僧交往特征谫论

中土对外文化交往具有诸多方式,随着“一带一路”倡议的推进,以海上丝绸之路的视角切入佛教文化交流成为新的关注点。拟以宗教宽容且对外开放的唐朝为例,结合僧传与相关史料筛选海上丝绸之路南线致力于交往的中外高僧,从马克思主义交往理论发凡,探讨此阶段沿海路传法与取法高僧群体及行为的若干普遍性交往特征,解析交往特征下的内外因素,并对未来人间佛教学在“一带一路”倡议下的新发展提出设想。此外,对交往特征的多层面探源也组成了大唐社会及与周边国家关系的“缩影”,冀以作为观察当时社会风貌与国家交往的新窗口。

Some Thoughts on the Construction of the 21 st Century Maritime Silk Road

As an integral component of the ＂One Belt and One Road＂ strategic vision, the construction of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road will reflect the developing path of China＇ s maritime geo-economy with significant polit- ical and diplomatic implications. Although the construction of the new maritime silk road has its？ endogenous logic and justified considerations, it will encounter various challenges and difficulties. In order to achieve the strategic goal of setting up a community？ of common interest and？ destiny with the relative countries, the ＂Maritime Silk Road＂ program has to be advanced cautiously with the principles of wide consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits.

Research on the Silk Road(Shaanxi Section)Heritage Constitution under the Vision of Culture Integrity

The Silk Road is one of the most important cultural routes in human being history and it had survived abundant cultural heritages.Under the vision of culture integrity,the constitution of the Silk Road(Shaanxi section)heritage corridor should involve tangible and intangible heritage elements.It is necessary to recognize the relationship between tangible and intangible culture heritages in order to realize the reasonable conservation of the Silk Road.

中国与东北亚国家北极事务合作可行性探究

中、日、韩、俄四国同为《斯匹次卑尔根群岛条约》以及《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,且同属“北极利益攸关国”以及北极理事会观察成员国。俄罗斯虽为北极国家,但自乌克兰危机的“外溢”使得俄罗斯与西方国家之间战略互信度大幅降低后,俄罗斯的北极开发迫切需要合作伙伴。中、日、韩、俄四国在北极航道开通、资源开采、科研探索、环境保护上具有广泛的合作空间与共同利益。但受地缘政治的影响,以及中美竞争持续的升温,中国与东北亚国家在北极事务上的合作受到限制和挤压。基于此,中国与东北亚国家在北极事务上的合作路径应予优化:一是以低政治领域为首要合作方向。以环境保护、科学考察等低政治领域为抓手,推动四国迅速打破双边合作壁垒,从双边合作向多边合作转型。二是以“冰上丝绸之路”为主要合作载体。“冰上丝绸之路”中北极航道以及北极资源勘探开发等内容与日韩两国北极政策相契合,属于四国共同国家利益交汇处。三是以优势互补化解同质化竞争。中、日、韩要发挥各自在资金、技术、制造、运输等方面的优势,以预防船舶碰撞以及油污泄漏为三国总体合作目标,携手通过“冰上丝绸之路”构建中国与东北亚国家北极能源与运输命运共同体。

追本溯源:汉代丝绸之路沿线文化的传播路径

在张骞出使西域后的2700余年间,丝绸之路一直是东西方交流与文化传播的重要通道。以历史研究法详尽探究丝绸之路上各部落的社会形态与汉朝的文化传播关系,明晰两汉时期各文化区形成与发展的历史脉络。通过探究早期丝绸之路沿线文化的传播路径,尝试揭示丝绸之路沿线社会格局的变迁。

“丝绸之路经济带”视域下西部欠发达地区 发展国际医疗旅游进路探赜 ——基于甘肃省的SWOT 辨析

国际医疗旅游已成为全球增长迅速的新兴产业之一。随着“丝绸之路经济带”建设走向纵深和成熟,发展国际医疗旅游服务既有人类追求健康生活的现实之需,也是促进“民心相通”的重要纽带。甘肃虽地处西部欠发达地区,但也是“丝绸之路经济带”的重要“节点”“通道”,通过SWOT方法对发展国际医疗旅游的诸多要素进行全面深入分析考量,认为甘肃发展国际医疗旅游具有优势和特色,应以“丝绸之路经济带”建设为契机,锚定“向西”定位,聚力发挥中医药优势特色,整合医疗旅游资源,借鉴国内外成功经验,优化服务,健全完善政策保障体制机,营造氛围,塑造形象,创新突破等为实施进路大力发展。

“冰上丝绸之路”国际经济合作制度设计

“冰上丝绸之路”是“一带一路”东北亚方向的延伸,是中国参与北极治理的重要桥梁和纽带,但在建设中面临着诸多制约因素:错综复杂的北极地缘政治环境,海域权属及通行规则存在分歧,经济建设存在较大不确定性,支点港口及配套设施支撑不足,资金与技术存在“双高”投入需求,传统安全威胁与非传统安全威胁并存。为此,需要加强“冰上丝绸之路”合作制度设计。在国际经济合作制度设计中应强化北极命运共同体理念,彰显互利合作共建共赢原则,坚持中国“建设性参与”策略,平衡北极利益相关者利益关系,突出中国近北极国家身份。文章从区域经济合作制度、生态环境保护制度、法律与人文合作制度、国际安全保障制度等方面构建了“冰上丝绸之路”国际经济合作制度体系。为保障制度体系的有效实施,应建立国际协调机制、风险防控机制、应急响应机制以及多边治理机制。

草原丝绸之路视野下——刍议阿拉善岩画及其他折射文化线路的作用

草原丝绸之路作为人类历史上的文化交流通道之一,承载文化发展的烙印,阿拉善文化线路包括绥新驼道及盐运线路应视为丝绸之路在时间上的延续。丝绸之路是人类历史上最长文化交流通道,东西方文化以此为纽带融合、升华,对世界文明作出了重大贡献,阿拉善文化线路为草原丝绸之路必经之地,是探究阿拉善文化线路在草原丝绸之路中发挥作用的出发点和落脚点。

中俄共建“冰上丝绸之路”的现实问题与优化方向

“冰上丝绸之路”作为中国参与北极治理的重要倡议,也是中俄北极合作的重要组成部分。但中俄两国在推进“冰上丝绸之路”的建设过程中也面临着特定的挑战与问题。首先,恶劣的自然环境和衰退的国力削弱了俄罗斯开发北方海航道的能力,而俄罗斯对华“二律背反”的心态也对中俄北极合作产生了负面影响。其次,中国在建设“冰上丝绸之路”过程中也在承担着来自西方反华舆论、中俄合作的分歧所带来的压力。为此,应从辩证看待中俄北极合作关系、建立参与北极事务的止损机制以及增强参与北极事务的战略战术设计等方面采取措施,对中俄共建“冰上丝绸之路”进程提供细节性优化,为促进北极地区的善治提供有效范本。

俄罗斯北极航道建设研究

近年来,由于全球变暖导致自然环境和生态系统的变化,以及对蕴藏资源开发的期待,使得世界各国对北极圈的关注度日益趋增,俄罗斯作为北极圈内重要的国家之一,始终重视北极航道建设,并将此上升为国家复兴战略。在此背景下,加强对俄罗斯北极航道相关内容的研究显得尤为必要。现从自然科学的角度介绍北极圈的自然环境与社会经济、北极资源的开发利用以及全球各国围绕北极的动向,总结俄罗斯在北极航道建设方面的成就进展,并在此基础上分析我国参与北航道建设的必要性,从商业性、现实性、可持续性等多维度设计通往我国的北极航道运输路线并最终提出我国参与北极航道建设的相关建议。

China’s New Silk Route Initiative:Political and Economic Implications for the Middle East and Southeast Asia

The liberal economic policies which have been developed in China in the 1980s have significantly produced a“new demographic”reality with an increasing proportion of about 350 to 400-million strong Chinese middle class.This new reality is starting to affect the conduct and direction of China’s foreign policy particularly toward countries in Middle East and Southeast Asian regions,which hold considerable amount of energy resources,such as crude oil and gas.The“One Belt One Road”initiative(OBOR),proposed by Chinese President Xi Jinping in 2013,signals the reinvigoration of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Route as a necessary measure to meet future Chinese demand for energy and open markets for its surplus products.Over the last two years,various Middle East countries,such as Iran,Saudi Arabia,United Arab Emirates,Turkey,Israel have watched China in cultural and political arenas.China’s economic needs have triggered this development.The same year,China’s president visited Indonesia and pledged a$40 billion fund to develop infrastructures along the route.With the new silk route proposal,China would be able to guarantee not only the stable energy supply from the Middle East but also access the markets of Southeast Asian countries.However,diverse views arising from this proposal questioned China’s real intentions.Has China’s proposal been designed to reorder Asia and contain US pivot to Asia?Does it signal the enlargement of China’s regional influence using its economic might?What does this policy say about ASEAN member countries,particularly the Philippines?This article however argues that China’s regional and international expansion is a natural byproduct of its economic weight;it also argues that the Middle East and maritime Southeast Asian countries can expect maximum economic and political gains from joining the“One Belt One Road”initiative.