Comparison of growth and nutrient uptake capacities of three dominant species of Qinhuangdao green tides

Since 2015, green tides have been blooming in offshore waters of Qinhuangdao, with serious impacts on the local ecological environment and tourism. Ulva australis, Bryopsis plumosa, and U. prolifera are the dominant species of Qinhuangdao green tides, following a sequential succession pattern. Ulva prolifera is the dominant species,with the highest biomass and the greatest influence on the local ecological environment. To study the reason of green tide dominant species succession and U. profilera became the dominant species with the largest biomass,we compared and analyzed the growth and nutrient uptake capacity of the three algae. The results showed that temperature significantly affects the growth of the three species. Within the temperature range of the experimental setup, the optimum temperature for the growth of U. australis, B. plumosa and U. profilera is10℃, 15℃, and 20–25℃, respectively. Combined with the temperature variation trend during green tide bloom development, we believe that temperature is the key environmental factor for the succession of the dominant species. Ulva prolifera has a higher growth rate than U. australis and B. plumosa under the same nitrate,ammonium, and phosphate levels. Significant differences in the maximum absorption rate(R_(max)) and R_(max)/Ks(the relationship between uptake rate and substrate concentration) values indicated that U. prolifera had an apparent competitive advantage over U. australis and B. plumosa regarding nutrient uptake. Therefore, the strong growth and nutrient uptake capacities of U. prolifera might be the main reason for becoming the dominant species with the largest biomass in Qinhuangdao green tides.

Distribution of green algae micro-propagules and their function in the formation of the green tides in the coast of Qinhuangdao,the Bohai Sea, China

Since 2015, a novel green tide has been recurring in the coastal areas of Qinhuangdao at the western coast of the Bohai Sea in China, threatening the environment and ecosystem of the Beidaihe seaside holiday resort along the coast. Micro-propagules of the green algae including gametes, spores, micro-germlings and micro-vegetative fragments play an important role in the formation of green tides. They serve as a "seed source" of green macroalgae, and their distributions could reflect and influence the "algae source" of green tides. In this study,monthly surveys in the inshore and offshore areas of the Qinhuangdao coast were conducted from April to September 2016 and in January 2017 to investigate the tempo-spatial distribution patterns and the biomass variations of the green algae micro-propagules. The obtained results show that micro-propagules were mainly distributed in the inshore areas with a significantly decreasing abundance towards offshore areas. Their biomass was highest in July and August, and lowest in winter. The areas that were affected by the green tides showed a remarkably higher abundance of micro-propagules compared to other areas. These micro-propagules could serve as the "seed" source of green tides. Their distribution patterns indicate that the green tide in the coastal areas of Qinhuangdao originated locally.

Analysis on the Temporal and Spatial Characteristics and Causes of Cold Wave in Qinhuangdao

[Objective] The aim was to study the temporal and spatial characteristics and causes of cold wave in Qinhuangdao.[Method] Based on temperature data from five surface meteorological stations in Qinhuangdao from 1970 to 2009 and the latest standards issuing cold wave early warning signal,statistical analysis on the temporal and spatial distribution of cold wave was carried out,and the causes were discussed preliminarily.[Result] From 1970 to 2009,the frequencies of blue and yellow cold wave in Qinhuangdao region were 2 334 and 105 times respectively,and cold wave occurred most frequently in Qinglong County and least frequently in Lulong County,which was related to the effects of underlying surface,latitude and altitude.Cold wave might happen from September to next May,and the earliest occurrence date was September 9,while the latest end date was May 26.In addition,the frequency of cold wave was the highest in January and lowest in May.From 1970 to 2009,blue cold wave occurred most frequently in 1972 and 1979 and least frequently in 1984,while the frequency of yellow cold wave was the highest in 1979 and lowest in 9 years.From decadal variation,cold wave appeared most frequently in the 1970s and least frequently in the 1990s.With the increase of temperature,the frequency of cold wave showed decrease trend,and the beginning date tended to postpone,while its end date advanced,and it showed that the changes of cold wave was mainly caused by climate warming.[Conclusion] The study could provide theoretical guidance for the meteorological disaster prevention and reduction and local agricultural service.

Environmental characteristics of annual pico/nanophytoplankton blooms along the Qinhuangdao Coast

Blooms of some pico/nanophytoplankton have occurred frequently along the Qinhuangdao coast since 2009, and it is necessary to identify the critical environmental factors inducing them. In this study, variations in the physical and nutrient characteristics of the seawater were analyzed following the development of local blooms in 2013. The local environmental characteristics were also compared with those of the Changjiang River estuary, China, and the Long Island estuaries in the USA, which are also prone to blooms of special algal species. In Qinhuangdao the local water temperature varied seasonally and rose above 15°C in 2013 early summer, coincident with the water discoloration. The salinity was more than 28 with a variation range of <3 throughout the year. Our results suggest that the physical conditions of the Qinhuangdao coastal area were suitable for the explosive proliferation of certain pico/nanophytoplankton, e.g. Aureococcus anophageff erens. The water supporting the bloom was not in a condition of serious eutrophication, but there were relatively high concentrations of reduced nitrogen(especially ammonium), which acted as an important nitrogen source for the pico/nanophytoplankton bloom. There was also a large gap between total nitrogen(TN) and dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN). Although the phosphate concentration was relatively low, there was no evidence of phosphorus limitation to the growth of pico/nanophytoplankton during bloom events.

Phytoplankton community dynamics during Alexandrium blooms in 2019 off the Qinhuangdao coast,Bohai Sea,China

Alexandrium blooms in the northwest area of the Bohai Sea(Qinhuangdao coastal area),China,produce large amounts of toxins that could be enriched in shellfish and consequently harm human bodies.To understand the succession of the phytoplankton community structure during Alexandrium bloom events in the northwest area of the Bohai Sea off Qinhuangdao from April 2 to May 7,2019,microscopy observations and high-performance chromatography(HPLC)-pigment analysis were performed.Sixty species of phytoplankton were identified,mainly diatoms and dinofl agellates.The abundance of Alexandrium reached the maximum on April 16(3.3×10^(3) cells/L).HPLC-pigment CHEMTAX analysis showed that the phytoplankton community was composed mainly of diatoms,dinofl agellates,prasinophytes,and cryptophytes.Diatoms were the main contributor to the total Chl-a pool.There was a downward trend for the proportion of diatom biomass to the total Chl-a pool,followed by an upward trend.The proportion of dinoflagellate biomass showed the opposite trend,whereas that of the prasinophyte biomass presented an obvious increasing trend.Temperature,nutrients,and nutrient structures were the main factors on the distribution of different phytoplankton groups in the study area as shown in the redundancy analysis.This work illustrates the succession of phytoplankton community structures during Alexandrium blooms and provided a theoretical basis for studies on the mechanism underlying the outbreak of harmful algal blooms in sea areas.

Circular Economy in New Village Construction——A Case of Qinhuangdao City, China

On the strength of the theory of agricultural circular economy, the mutual relation between the development of agricultural circular economy and new village construction is analyzed. The results show that developing agricultural circular economy and constructing new village is the mutual promotion; realizing agricultural circular economy is the main target of new agricultural construction and developing agricultural circular economy is the way of realizing new village construction. The major problems in the development of agricultural circular economy in Qinhuangdao City are pointed out, covering weak ideological foundation of developing agricultural circular economy; inadequate directions from the government and insufficient technical and financial support. The countermeasures on developing agricultural circular economy in new village construction are put forward, including cultivating people's awareness on circular economy; establishing the law and regulation system of agricultural circular economy; intensifying the technical and model innovation of agricultural circular economy and accelerating the maketization pace of agro-products.

Variations in nano-and pico-eukaryotic phytoplankton assemblages in the Qinhuangdao green-tide area

Qinhuangdao coastal waters have been frequently hitting by nano-and pico-eukaryotic phytoplankton(NPEP)blooms and green tides(macroalgal blooms)in the recent decade.However,understanding about the impacts of environmental factors and the green tides on the NPEP assemblages in this area is limited.In this study,the composition of NPEP assemblages and their variations were analyzed via amplicon sequence variants(ASVs)assay based on amplicon high-throughput sequencing data with the 18S V4 region as a targeted gene in the Qinhuangdao green-tide area during the green tide.Consequently,average NPEP effective sequences and ASVs of 178000 and 200 were obtained from each sample,respectively.Although there were 25 classes,110 genera,and 97 species of NPEP were identified and annotated,the proportions of annotated ASVs at genus and species levels were only 44.7%and 17.8%,respectively.The NPEP communities had a seasonal succession from diatom-dominated to dinoflagellate-dominated.During the three investigations,Skeletonema,Karlodinium,and Gonyaulax were the most dominant genera in May,August,and September,respectively.Species diversity and the abundance of NPEP communities could be increased by a high content of dissolved organic nitrogen(DON)and dissolved organic phosphorus(DOP)but inhibited by low dissolved inorganic phosphorus content.The outbreak of green tides could alter the composition and content of nutrients and accelerate the succession of the NPEP communities from diatom-dominated to dinoflagellate-dominated under the background of a seasonal increase in seawater temperature.These results preliminarily revealed the impacts of the recurrent occurrences of green tides on the NPEP assemblages in the Qinhuangdao green-tide area exhibiting high DON content and dissolved inorganic nitrogen/phosphorus ratio.

Mapping the resting cysts of dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella along the coast of Qinhuangdao,China

Dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella is a cosmopolitan bloom-forming species with complex life cycle,the formation and germination of resting cysts are critical for its bloom dynamics.In the coastal waters of Qinhuangdao,A.catenella has been identified as the major causative agent for paralytic shellfish poisoning,but there is little knowledge concerning its resting cysts in this region.In this study,three surveys were carried out along the coast of Qinhuangdao from 2020 to 2021 to map the distribution of A.catenella resting cysts,using a quantitative PCR(qPCR)assay specific for A.catenella.The resting cysts were detected in surface sediments during all the three surveys,and their distribution patterns were similar.High abundance of resting cysts(maximum 1300 cysts/g sediment(wet weight))were found in a region(119.62°E-119.99°E,39.67°N-39.98°N)northeast to the coastal waters of Qinhuangdao,where surface sediments were mainly composed of clay and silt(percentage above 50%).Prior to the formation of the A.catenella bloom in March 2021,the abundance of A.catenella vegetative cells in seawater had extremely significant positive correlation with the abundance of resting cysts in surface sediments,reflecting the important role of resting cysts in the initiation of A.catenella blooms.As far as we know,this is the first report on the distribution of A.catenella cysts along the coast of Qinhuangdao.The results will of fer a sound basis for the future monitoring and mitigation of toxic A.catenella blooms and paralytic shellfish poisoning events in this region.

Qinhuangdao Shougang Steel Sheet Co. Ltd

The Qinhuangdao Shougang Steel Sheet Co. Ltd is a joint ventureco-invested by the Shougang General Corporation, the Qinhuangdao City Environment Protection Equipment Plant and two Hongkong companies. The stock of the company sells on the Hongkong Stock Market.

Sewage draining schemes of Qinhuangdao City in Beidaihe Area,China

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Clinical Effect of Qibai Landslide on Jellyfish Injuries in Qinhuangdao City

Objective.To investigate the clinical effects of phlegm and phlegm and magnesium sulfate combined with magnesium sulfate in sea lice in Qinhuangdao City.Methods.A total of 78 patients with sea lice in Qinhuangdao City from June to May 2018 were enrolled.They were randomly divided into control group(n=39 cases)and observation group(n=39 cases).The control group was treated with magnesium sulfate.The observation group was treated with Qibai Colshi Decoction on the basisof the control group.The effect of the patients was evaluated after 5 days of treatment.The disappearance time of symptoms,inflammatory factors and adverse drug reactions were compared.Results.After treatment,the onset,pain time,skin loss,swelling time and course of treatment were shorter in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).The levels of inflammatory factors were lower than those before treatment(P<5).The levels of TNF-a,IL-6,HIS and 5-HT in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The rash,itching,drug allergy,liver and kidney were observed in the observation group and the control group.There was no significant difference in the incidence of dysfunction and blood pressure(P>0.05).Conclusion.The combination of magnesium sulfate and magnesium sulfate in the treatment of sea lice in Qinhuangdao City can shorten the disappearance of symptoms,reduce the level of inflammatory factors,and increase the incidence of adverse drug reactions.It is worthy of popularization and application.

Qinhuangdao Bonded Warehousing Company

The Qinhuangdao Bonded Warehousing Company, approved by MOFTEC and the Customs Administration, is the only company handling bonded warehousing business in Hebei. Founded in 1992, the company owns RMB14.9369 million in assets, and has large-scale, modern bonded warehouses and two cooperative economic entities.

System integration and innovation of operating 20 kt combined heavy-haul train on Datong-Qinhuangdao line

Datong-Qinhuangdao line, as the first electrified double-track heavy-haul line dedicated to coal transport in China, extends from Datong in the west, and reaches Qinhuangdao in the east, opened to traffic in December, 1992, totaling 653 km with the designed annual traffic volume of 1×108 t. In order to meet the demands of national economic development, the transport capacity of the line must be enhanced greatly. Depending on independent innovation, MOR, for the first time in the world,realizes the integration between GSM-R and Locotrol, the integration between 800 MHz digital radio and Locotrol, and the integration between a single set of Locotrol and SS4 locomotive. Meanwhile, CR develops equipment portfolio for heavy-haul through combining 2 high power locomotives of HXD series (means harmony) with controllable EOT. Relying on integration and innovation, it succeeds in operating 20 kt-level combined heavy-haul train on Datong-Qinhuangdao line, which tripled the annual traffic volume of the line from 1×108 t in 2002 to 3×108 t in 2007.

秦皇岛书院的古代发展及近代改制研究

秦皇岛古代的书院,起步晚,数量少,较之河北其他地区相对滞后。该地区明代产生书院,成为传统教育的重要组成部分,并形成别具特色的教学活动及办学方式,对当地的人才培养和学术发展产生过重要的影响。至清末书院近代改制时期,秦皇岛古代书院改为新式学堂,融入近代教育体制中,推动了秦皇岛地区近代教育的发展。

遗产活化视角下长城国家文化公园(秦皇岛段)景观营建策略研究

从长城国家文化公园(秦皇岛段)建设目标出发,对秦皇岛市长城资源现状、分布及特点进行调研,分析秦皇岛市长城资源现有情况及其开发不足之处,指出在遗产活化视角下,秦皇岛市长城国家文化公园建设应以遗产活化为视角,集合遗产保护、景观展示与活化、居民娱乐与旅游开发为一体的综合性工程。并提出在区域化背景下,长城国家文化公园建设要以资源为主,坚持遗产保护与合理规划并行,充分发挥地方特色,打造“保护、发展、传承、共生”为一体的景观体系构,为长城国家文化公园规划实施提供实践参考。

汞、砷、镉在秦皇岛近海几种典型底栖生物体内的富集特征

采集秦皇岛港口附近海域的紫贻贝、太平洋牡蛎和脉红螺,对其体内富集汞(Hg)、砷(As)、镉(Cd)的质量分数进行分析,比较3种生物对这3种元素的富集能力,并对Hg、 As、 Cd的质量分数与3种底栖生物的生长参数进行相关性分析.结果表明,脉红螺更易富集Hg和As,而牡蛎对Cd的富集能力较强.紫贻贝和太平洋牡蛎体内Hg的质量分数受到生长参数的显著(P<0.05)影响;脉红螺对As和Cd的生物富集因子随其生长而显著(P<0.05)降低.考虑到富集能力和生长参数的影响,在秦皇岛海域,太平洋牡蛎和脉红螺分别具有作为Cd和Hg监测生物的应用潜力.