This book presents general theories and applications of structural optimization methods. The first chapter of the book introduces various basic concepts of structural optimization through several illustrative examples...This book presents general theories and applications of structural optimization methods. The first chapter of the book introduces various basic concepts of structural optimization through several illustrative examples. Chapter 2 is devoted to a comprehensive review of math- ematical programming methods, including classical methods such as the simplex method, the （SLP） method, the interior point method and relatively new approaches such as genetic algo- rithms. The third chapter presents the main topic of this book, the SLP methods based on the incremental equations of structures. Some useful techniques in implementation of SLP, including the move limit, scaling and active constraint identifying, are discussed. In chapter 4, classical optimality criterion approaches, including the fully stress approach for truss struc- tures and its extensions for membrane and plate structures, are presented with demonstrative examples. The remaining chapters develop an overview of structural optimization problems, among which are dynamic optimization, multi-criterion optimization, earlier work on the op- timal layouts of plates, as well as some practical issues in general size and shape optimization problems.展开更多
The present article provides a critical review of Randi Reppen's impressing book Using Corpora in the Language Classroom.It's argued that Randi Reppen's book,despite a few slight flaws,has a strong practic...The present article provides a critical review of Randi Reppen's impressing book Using Corpora in the Language Classroom.It's argued that Randi Reppen's book,despite a few slight flaws,has a strong practical orientation and is a laudable effort to make English language teachers to realize the importance and practicality of bringing corpora into classroom in digital age.The book is particularly worthy of reading for those language teachers(especially beginner teachers) who want to breathe new life into their English teaching.展开更多
As suggested by the title, this extensive book is concerned with crack and contact prob- lems in linear elasticity. However, in general, it is intended for a wide audience ranging from engineers to mathematical physic...As suggested by the title, this extensive book is concerned with crack and contact prob- lems in linear elasticity. However, in general, it is intended for a wide audience ranging from engineers to mathematical physicists. Indeed, numerous problems of both academic and tech- nological interest in electro-magnetics, acoustics, solid and fluid dynamics, etc. are actually related to each other and governed by the same mixed boundary value problems from a unified mathematical standpoint展开更多
This book is greatly appreciated for its collection of various innovative activities which could be applied in different levels of technology-savvy classrooms.It is regarded as guidance to show paths for language educ...This book is greatly appreciated for its collection of various innovative activities which could be applied in different levels of technology-savvy classrooms.It is regarded as guidance to show paths for language educators to teach in digital age,although most of the teachers today are digital immigrants who "have become fascinated by and adopted many,or most aspects of the new technology are,and always will be compared to them"(Prensky,2001).They have to attempt to equip themselves with the knowledge of new media,which aims to provide the current students with their needs to become fully literate in this digital age.However,when the Internet began to arrive in schools,it was embraced by educators already seasoned in the challenges of change.展开更多
Ever since Chinese medicine came onto the health care scene, it has had an uneasy and at times contentious relationship with mainstream Western biomedicine. For the first two twenty years or so there was nothing of th...Ever since Chinese medicine came onto the health care scene, it has had an uneasy and at times contentious relationship with mainstream Western biomedicine. For the first two twenty years or so there was nothing of the significance to speak of in the way of collaboration or integration between the two medical systems. Western medical literature often cast展开更多
The organogermanium (Ge-132), namely Asaigermanium (Ge-132) was synthesized by Dr. Kazuhiko Asai about over 50 years ago (1967). This Ge-132 has important functions to cure the patients with many serious diseases like...The organogermanium (Ge-132), namely Asaigermanium (Ge-132) was synthesized by Dr. Kazuhiko Asai about over 50 years ago (1967). This Ge-132 has important functions to cure the patients with many serious diseases like cancers and also has functions to activate the physiological actions of microorganisms and organisms like bacteria, animals/humans and plants. Namely, t<span>he Ge-132 plays </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">a </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">very important role</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">in many kinds of organisms. A</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">t present, we are in COVID-19 crisis. In order to ease the crisis, the governments in the world vaccinate people against COVID-19. However, this vaccination seems to be not every. The Ge-132 as a different treatment for COVID-19 will probably have a good effect on COVID-19. Its probability can be judged from our experiments/experience and evidential data by researchers who have gone before ourselves. The probable contents are described in this book.展开更多
In this paper,a review was finished according to a novel-"The Time Traveler's Wife".It use time travel to explore miscommunication and distance in relationships.A lot of knowledge could be obtained from ...In this paper,a review was finished according to a novel-"The Time Traveler's Wife".It use time travel to explore miscommunication and distance in relationships.A lot of knowledge could be obtained from the passage.展开更多
“Your Guide to Paediatric Anaesthesia”by Sims and Johnson is the first edition of a book written for fellow or non-pediatric anesthetists. The authors give a practical approach for daily practice in pediatric anesth...“Your Guide to Paediatric Anaesthesia”by Sims and Johnson is the first edition of a book written for fellow or non-pediatric anesthetists. The authors give a practical approach for daily practice in pediatric anesthesia. This "book review" describes a general presentation and an objective evaluation of this recently published book.展开更多
The chapter gives a concise and clear presentation of the basic concepts and the variants of the graph coloring problem. It discusses the link between these variants. It uses a very simple and clear language that is a...The chapter gives a concise and clear presentation of the basic concepts and the variants of the graph coloring problem. It discusses the link between these variants. It uses a very simple and clear language that is at the grasp of an average engineering or science undergraduate student. It then focuses on discussing the applicability of the graph coloring problem to Frequency Assignment Problem (FAP). It precisely selects a special case of this problem: the Fixed Channel Assignment (FCA). The chapter gives a clear explanation of the common application domains of the Frequency Assignment problem such as radio and television transmission, military applications needs, satellite communication, and frequency planning of WLANs. The transition from FAP to graph coloring problem is well explained by using simple examples and graphical illustrations. The empirical assessment of the efficiency of the applied algorithm on FAP instance and random graphs is presented by giving the process, and the results. The implementation is carried using the Budapest Complexity Analysis Toolkit (BCAT). The content of the chapter is expected to age gracefully. It tackles a problem that is relevant today and will remain pertinent for many years to come. The title of the chapter is accurate. It captures the method and the subject that is tackled in the chapter. The examples are simple and easy to follow and the illustrations are appropriate and well executed. The chapter is not only written is a clear natural language but also complying with technical accuracy, which makes its content accessible and suitable to a variety of readers. A reader with a basic background in optimization has access to the material presented in the chapter. At the same time, an expert can find very interesting the empirical assessment of the complexity of solving FAPs. The chapter would benefit from a better explanation for the rational of the empirical study. Explaining the reasons for focussing the study on increasing edge density, increasing the number of vertices, and on increasing the number of colors would help a non-expert reader understand its rational. In general the chapter is a wellarticulate piece of work and presents a lasting contribution to the field that is accessible to a wide audience.展开更多
studies how a language fits into the society in which it is used. Sociolinguistics by was published in 1998 by Oxford University Press. The book consists of four sections: Survey, Readings, References, Glossary. Spols...studies how a language fits into the society in which it is used. Sociolinguistics by was published in 1998 by Oxford University Press. The book consists of four sections: Survey, Readings, References, Glossary. Spolsky's Sociolinguistics is a commendable overview of the field of language, and one that will serve as an excellent resource for scholars as well as a textbook for students and even lay展开更多
In the beginning of the new millennium, I am de-lighted to read Liver Transplantation, which wasedited by Professor Shu-Sen Zheng and prefacedby Professor Shui-Sheng Xia. In the 21st century, organ transplantationwill...In the beginning of the new millennium, I am de-lighted to read Liver Transplantation, which wasedited by Professor Shu-Sen Zheng and prefacedby Professor Shui-Sheng Xia. In the 21st century, organ transplantationwill become an indispensable and dominant disci-pline in surgery. Despite a short period of deve-lopment in liver transplantation in China, therehave been a dramatic increase in both the numberof liver transplantation cases and the number ofliver transplantation centers. According to the reg-istry of liver transplantation in China, more than800 liver transplantations have been performed.But some surgeons are lack of comprehensiveknowledge about and experience in this field.This book meets their need. Since the pioneering work done by ThomasStarzl four decades ago, the results of liver trans-plantation have been improving. However, prob-lems are existing because of the complexity of its展开更多
Surgery of the Liver and Biliary Tract, Editedby L. H. Blumgart and Y. Fong, Third Editionpp2180. with illus. London; Harcourt Pub-lishers Limited, UK. 2000. ISBN 0-7020-25011.Since the publication of the first and se...Surgery of the Liver and Biliary Tract, Editedby L. H. Blumgart and Y. Fong, Third Editionpp2180. with illus. London; Harcourt Pub-lishers Limited, UK. 2000. ISBN 0-7020-25011.Since the publication of the first and second edi-tions of 1988 and 1994, Surgery of the Liver andBiliary Tract has been considered by surgeons as asource of comprehensive and updated knowledgeon hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery. Totally a new book, the third edition has un-dergone extensive changes in contents and struc-tures as compared with its predecessors. The bookis divided into two volumes consisting of morethan two thousand pages and one hundred and six-teen chapters, contributed by a total of one hun-展开更多
Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest desert...Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.展开更多
Evaluation,especially negative evaluation,is an important element in academic book reviews.Unfortunately,previous studies on evaluation strategies in Chinese and English book reviews are still limited in number.Recent...Evaluation,especially negative evaluation,is an important element in academic book reviews.Unfortunately,previous studies on evaluation strategies in Chinese and English book reviews are still limited in number.Recently,identity construction has been a hot research issue in various fields of social science.However,few studies have ever been conducted on how book reviewers construct various identities with the use of evaluation strategies.As such,this thesis tries to investigate how the negative evaluation,the most direct face-threatening evaluation,are linked closely to author’ s identity construction in Chinese and English book reviews,how the Chinese and English book reviewers make salient their appropriate identities with the skillful use of discourse strategies so as to avoid possible face-threatening.The present study collects fifteen Chinese and fifteen English academic book reviews as research data.An analysis of the data indicates that while there are similarities,there are also distinctive differences in the use of negative evaluation strategies and author’ s identity construction in Chinese and English book reviews.Specifically,with the use of negative evaluation,four important identities are constructed,namely,the author’ s identities as an authoritative writer,a polite and friendly evaluator,a responsible opinion holder and a kind academic ally.展开更多
5G is the hottest topic in telecommunication area in recent years.ITU has defined 5G as IMT-2020,and presented the scenarios of IMT-2020.These scenarios for IMT-2020 can be concluded as follows：-Enhanced Mobile Broad...5G is the hottest topic in telecommunication area in recent years.ITU has defined 5G as IMT-2020,and presented the scenarios of IMT-2020.These scenarios for IMT-2020 can be concluded as follows：-Enhanced Mobile Broadband：Mobile Broadband addresses the human-centric use cases for access to multi-media content,services and data.The demand for mobile展开更多
The November 1948 open session of the Institute of Geological Sciences AS USSR was previously unknown,in contrast to the August 1948 session of VASKhNIL.The publication of the transcript of the session of geologists i...The November 1948 open session of the Institute of Geological Sciences AS USSR was previously unknown,in contrast to the August 1948 session of VASKhNIL.The publication of the transcript of the session of geologists is based on the original verified transcript from the Geological Institute and the Archive RAS.It presented reports on the main scientific directions of geology:stratigraphy,the Quaternary geology,lithology,geotectonics,petrography and petrology,mineralogy and geochemistry,and the geology of ore and coal deposits.This thick book details all the Q&A sessions,discussions of theories,methods,and practice among the leading Soviet geoscientists.The session and its resolution describe the situation and development of geology in the USSR in the mid-twentieth century as well as the collateral impact of the Lysenko affair on the earth sciences in the USSR.展开更多
文摘This book presents general theories and applications of structural optimization methods. The first chapter of the book introduces various basic concepts of structural optimization through several illustrative examples. Chapter 2 is devoted to a comprehensive review of math- ematical programming methods, including classical methods such as the simplex method, the （SLP） method, the interior point method and relatively new approaches such as genetic algo- rithms. The third chapter presents the main topic of this book, the SLP methods based on the incremental equations of structures. Some useful techniques in implementation of SLP, including the move limit, scaling and active constraint identifying, are discussed. In chapter 4, classical optimality criterion approaches, including the fully stress approach for truss struc- tures and its extensions for membrane and plate structures, are presented with demonstrative examples. The remaining chapters develop an overview of structural optimization problems, among which are dynamic optimization, multi-criterion optimization, earlier work on the op- timal layouts of plates, as well as some practical issues in general size and shape optimization problems.
文摘The present article provides a critical review of Randi Reppen's impressing book Using Corpora in the Language Classroom.It's argued that Randi Reppen's book,despite a few slight flaws,has a strong practical orientation and is a laudable effort to make English language teachers to realize the importance and practicality of bringing corpora into classroom in digital age.The book is particularly worthy of reading for those language teachers(especially beginner teachers) who want to breathe new life into their English teaching.
文摘As suggested by the title, this extensive book is concerned with crack and contact prob- lems in linear elasticity. However, in general, it is intended for a wide audience ranging from engineers to mathematical physicists. Indeed, numerous problems of both academic and tech- nological interest in electro-magnetics, acoustics, solid and fluid dynamics, etc. are actually related to each other and governed by the same mixed boundary value problems from a unified mathematical standpoint
文摘This book is greatly appreciated for its collection of various innovative activities which could be applied in different levels of technology-savvy classrooms.It is regarded as guidance to show paths for language educators to teach in digital age,although most of the teachers today are digital immigrants who "have become fascinated by and adopted many,or most aspects of the new technology are,and always will be compared to them"(Prensky,2001).They have to attempt to equip themselves with the knowledge of new media,which aims to provide the current students with their needs to become fully literate in this digital age.However,when the Internet began to arrive in schools,it was embraced by educators already seasoned in the challenges of change.
文摘Ever since Chinese medicine came onto the health care scene, it has had an uneasy and at times contentious relationship with mainstream Western biomedicine. For the first two twenty years or so there was nothing of the significance to speak of in the way of collaboration or integration between the two medical systems. Western medical literature often cast
文摘The organogermanium (Ge-132), namely Asaigermanium (Ge-132) was synthesized by Dr. Kazuhiko Asai about over 50 years ago (1967). This Ge-132 has important functions to cure the patients with many serious diseases like cancers and also has functions to activate the physiological actions of microorganisms and organisms like bacteria, animals/humans and plants. Namely, t<span>he Ge-132 plays </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">a </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">very important role</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">in many kinds of organisms. A</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">t present, we are in COVID-19 crisis. In order to ease the crisis, the governments in the world vaccinate people against COVID-19. However, this vaccination seems to be not every. The Ge-132 as a different treatment for COVID-19 will probably have a good effect on COVID-19. Its probability can be judged from our experiments/experience and evidential data by researchers who have gone before ourselves. The probable contents are described in this book.
文摘In this paper,a review was finished according to a novel-"The Time Traveler's Wife".It use time travel to explore miscommunication and distance in relationships.A lot of knowledge could be obtained from the passage.
文摘“Your Guide to Paediatric Anaesthesia”by Sims and Johnson is the first edition of a book written for fellow or non-pediatric anesthetists. The authors give a practical approach for daily practice in pediatric anesthesia. This "book review" describes a general presentation and an objective evaluation of this recently published book.
文摘The chapter gives a concise and clear presentation of the basic concepts and the variants of the graph coloring problem. It discusses the link between these variants. It uses a very simple and clear language that is at the grasp of an average engineering or science undergraduate student. It then focuses on discussing the applicability of the graph coloring problem to Frequency Assignment Problem (FAP). It precisely selects a special case of this problem: the Fixed Channel Assignment (FCA). The chapter gives a clear explanation of the common application domains of the Frequency Assignment problem such as radio and television transmission, military applications needs, satellite communication, and frequency planning of WLANs. The transition from FAP to graph coloring problem is well explained by using simple examples and graphical illustrations. The empirical assessment of the efficiency of the applied algorithm on FAP instance and random graphs is presented by giving the process, and the results. The implementation is carried using the Budapest Complexity Analysis Toolkit (BCAT). The content of the chapter is expected to age gracefully. It tackles a problem that is relevant today and will remain pertinent for many years to come. The title of the chapter is accurate. It captures the method and the subject that is tackled in the chapter. The examples are simple and easy to follow and the illustrations are appropriate and well executed. The chapter is not only written is a clear natural language but also complying with technical accuracy, which makes its content accessible and suitable to a variety of readers. A reader with a basic background in optimization has access to the material presented in the chapter. At the same time, an expert can find very interesting the empirical assessment of the complexity of solving FAPs. The chapter would benefit from a better explanation for the rational of the empirical study. Explaining the reasons for focussing the study on increasing edge density, increasing the number of vertices, and on increasing the number of colors would help a non-expert reader understand its rational. In general the chapter is a wellarticulate piece of work and presents a lasting contribution to the field that is accessible to a wide audience.
文摘studies how a language fits into the society in which it is used. Sociolinguistics by was published in 1998 by Oxford University Press. The book consists of four sections: Survey, Readings, References, Glossary. Spolsky's Sociolinguistics is a commendable overview of the field of language, and one that will serve as an excellent resource for scholars as well as a textbook for students and even lay
文摘In the beginning of the new millennium, I am de-lighted to read Liver Transplantation, which wasedited by Professor Shu-Sen Zheng and prefacedby Professor Shui-Sheng Xia. In the 21st century, organ transplantationwill become an indispensable and dominant disci-pline in surgery. Despite a short period of deve-lopment in liver transplantation in China, therehave been a dramatic increase in both the numberof liver transplantation cases and the number ofliver transplantation centers. According to the reg-istry of liver transplantation in China, more than800 liver transplantations have been performed.But some surgeons are lack of comprehensiveknowledge about and experience in this field.This book meets their need. Since the pioneering work done by ThomasStarzl four decades ago, the results of liver trans-plantation have been improving. However, prob-lems are existing because of the complexity of its
文摘Surgery of the Liver and Biliary Tract, Editedby L. H. Blumgart and Y. Fong, Third Editionpp2180. with illus. London; Harcourt Pub-lishers Limited, UK. 2000. ISBN 0-7020-25011.Since the publication of the first and second edi-tions of 1988 and 1994, Surgery of the Liver andBiliary Tract has been considered by surgeons as asource of comprehensive and updated knowledgeon hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery. Totally a new book, the third edition has un-dergone extensive changes in contents and struc-tures as compared with its predecessors. The bookis divided into two volumes consisting of morethan two thousand pages and one hundred and six-teen chapters, contributed by a total of one hun-
文摘Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.
文摘Evaluation,especially negative evaluation,is an important element in academic book reviews.Unfortunately,previous studies on evaluation strategies in Chinese and English book reviews are still limited in number.Recently,identity construction has been a hot research issue in various fields of social science.However,few studies have ever been conducted on how book reviewers construct various identities with the use of evaluation strategies.As such,this thesis tries to investigate how the negative evaluation,the most direct face-threatening evaluation,are linked closely to author’ s identity construction in Chinese and English book reviews,how the Chinese and English book reviewers make salient their appropriate identities with the skillful use of discourse strategies so as to avoid possible face-threatening.The present study collects fifteen Chinese and fifteen English academic book reviews as research data.An analysis of the data indicates that while there are similarities,there are also distinctive differences in the use of negative evaluation strategies and author’ s identity construction in Chinese and English book reviews.Specifically,with the use of negative evaluation,four important identities are constructed,namely,the author’ s identities as an authoritative writer,a polite and friendly evaluator,a responsible opinion holder and a kind academic ally.
文摘5G is the hottest topic in telecommunication area in recent years.ITU has defined 5G as IMT-2020,and presented the scenarios of IMT-2020.These scenarios for IMT-2020 can be concluded as follows：-Enhanced Mobile Broadband：Mobile Broadband addresses the human-centric use cases for access to multi-media content,services and data.The demand for mobile
文摘The November 1948 open session of the Institute of Geological Sciences AS USSR was previously unknown,in contrast to the August 1948 session of VASKhNIL.The publication of the transcript of the session of geologists is based on the original verified transcript from the Geological Institute and the Archive RAS.It presented reports on the main scientific directions of geology:stratigraphy,the Quaternary geology,lithology,geotectonics,petrography and petrology,mineralogy and geochemistry,and the geology of ore and coal deposits.This thick book details all the Q&A sessions,discussions of theories,methods,and practice among the leading Soviet geoscientists.The session and its resolution describe the situation and development of geology in the USSR in the mid-twentieth century as well as the collateral impact of the Lysenko affair on the earth sciences in the USSR.
