Oil and gas source and accumulation of Zhongqiu 1 trap in Qiulitage structural belt, Tarim Basin, NW China

Well Zhongqiu 1 obtained highly productive oil-gas stream in the footwall of Zhongqiu structure, marking the strategic breakthrough of Qiulitag structural belt in the Tarim Basin. However, the oil and gas sources in Zhongqiu structural belt and the reservoir formation process in Zhongqiu 1 trap remain unclear, so study on these issues may provide important basis for the next step of oil and gas exploration and deployment in Qiulitage structural belt. In this study, a systematic correlation of oil and gas source in Well Zhongqiu 1 has been carried out. The oil in Well Zhongqiu 1 is derived from Triassic lacustrine mudstone, while the gas is a typical coal-derived gas and mainly from Jurassic coal measures. The oil charging in Well Zhongqiu 1 mainly took place during the sedimentary period from Jidike Formation to Kangcun Formation in Neogene, and the oil was mainly contributed by Triassic source rock;large-scale natural gas charging occurred in the sedimentary period of Kuqa Formation in Neogene, and the coal-derived gas generated in the late Jurassic caused large-scale gas invasion to the early Triassic crude oil reservoirs. The Zhongqiu 1 trap was formed earlier than or at the same period as the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion period of Triassic-Jurassic source rocks. Active faults provided paths for hydrocarbon migration. The source rocks-faults-traps matched well in time and space. Traps in the footwall of the Zhongqiu structural fault have similar reservoir-forming conditions with the Zhongqiu 1 trap, so they are favorable targets in the next step of exploration.

A Large-scale Tertiary Salt Nappe Complex in the Leading Edge of the Kuqa Foreland Fold-Thrust Belt, the Tarim Basin, Northwest China

The tectono-stratigraphic sequences of the Kuqa foreland fold-thrust belt in the northern Tarim basin, northwest China, can be divided into the Mesozoic sub-salt sequence, the Paleocene-Eocene salt sequence and the Oligocene-Quaternary supra-salt sequence. The salt sequence is composed mainly of light grey halite, gypsum, marl and brown elastics. A variety of salt-related structures have developed in the Kuqa foreland fold belt, in which the most fascinating structures are salt nappe complex. Based on field observation, seismic interpretation and drilling data, a large-scale salt nappe complex has been identified. It trends approximately east-west for over 200 km and occurs along the west Qiulitag Mountains. Its thrusting displacement is over 30 km. The salt nappe complex appears as an arcuate zone projecting southwestwards along the leading edge of the Kuqa foreland fold belt. The major thrust fault is developed along the Paleocene-Eocene salt beds. The allochthonous nappes comprise large north-dipping faulting monoclines which are made up of Paleocene-Pliocene sediments. Geological analysis and cross-section restoration revealed that the salt nappes were mainly formed at the late Himalayan stage (c.a. 1.64 Ma BP) and have been active until the present day. Because of inhomogeneous thrusting, a great difference may exist in thrust displacement, thrust occurrence, superimposition of allochthonous and autochthonous sequences and the development of the salt-related structures, which indicates the segmentation along the salt nappes. Regional compression, gravitational gliding and spreading controlled the formation and evolution of the salt nappe complex in the Kuqa foreland fold belt.

Influence of Salt Beds on the Segmentation of Structure and Hydrocarbon Accumulation in Qiulitag Structural Belt,Tarim Basin,China

Seismic information and balanced profile technology were used to reveal the influence of the salt bed in segmentation of structure and hydrocarbon accumulation in Qiulitag structural belt in Tarim basin. From west to east, the shortening of strata above the salt beds gradually decreases, while, the shortening below the salt beds gradually increases, which shows that the segmentation of structure integrated the seismic profile. There is great difference of the deformation of strata below and above the salt beds between the west segment and the east segment. The analysis of the distribution of oil/gas fields and the hydrocarbon properties indicates the similar segmentation to the structure segmentation. The salt beds in relatively shallow layers change the stress condition from basement of Kuqa foreland basin, which leads to the segmentation of Qiulitag structural belt. Because the salt beds in the west segment came into being earlier than those in the east segment, the west segment captures hydrocarbon from two sets of source rock, while the east segment can only capture hydrocarbons from one set of source rock. So, the salt beds play an important role in the segmentation of structure and hydrocarbon accumulation.

An alternative interpretation for the map expression of "abrupt" changes in lateral stratigraphic level near transverse zones in fold-thrust belts

The map expression of ＂abrupt＂ changes in lateral stratigraphic level of a thrust fault has been traditionally interpreted to be a result of the presence of （1） a lateral （or oblique） thrust-ramp, or （2） a frontal ramp with displacement gradient, and/or （3） a combination of these geometries. These geometries have been used to interpret the structures near transverse zones in fold-thrust belts （FTB）. This contribution outlines an alternative explanation that can result in the same map pattern by lateral variations in stratigraphy along the strike of a low angle thrust fault. We describe the natural example of the Leamington transverse zone, which marks the southern margin of the Pennsylvanian-Permian Oquirrh basin with genetically related lateral stratigraphic variations in the North American Sevier FTB. Thus, the observed map pattern at this zone is closely related to lateral stratigraphic variations along the strike of a horizontal fault. Even though the present-day erosional level shows the map pattern that could be interpreted as a lateral ramp, the observed structures along the Leamington zone most likely share the effects of the presence of a lateral （or oblique） ramp, lateral stratigraphic variations along the fault trace, and the displacement gradient.

Numerical simulation of temporal and spatial evolution of fold-thrust belts in the northern and northeastern margins of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Fold-thrust belts are common structural styles under the background of long-term regional tectonic shortening.The northern and northeastern margins of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau are located on the edge of the growth and expansion of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.Since nearly 10 Ma,some significant and typical fold thrust belt have been formed.The spatial-temporal evolution of these fold-thrust belts and the characteristics of surface deformations are significant issues in geodynamics.In this paper,we use the elastoplastic finite element model with considering the contact nonlinearity to study the spatialtemporal evolution of the fold-thrust belts in the northern and northeastern margins of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,with particular attention to the details of the relationship between the depth and the shallow,the spatialtemporal order,and the characteristics of the surface deformation,etc.,in order to make a relatively complete mechanical interpretation of the spatial-temporal evolution of the foldthrust belts in the northern and northeastern margins of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau from the perspective of geodynamics.

Geological structures and potential petroleum exploration areas in the southwestern Sichuan fold-thrust belt, SW China

Based on the latest geological,seismic,drilling and outcrop data,we studied the geological structure,tectonic evolution history and deformation process of the southwestern Sichuan fold-thrust belt to find out the potential hydrocarbon exploration areas in deep layers.During key tectonic periods,the southwestern Sichuan fold-thrust belt developed some characteristic strata and structural deformation features,including the Pre-Sinian multi-row N-S strike rifts,step-shaped platform-margin structures of Sinian Dengying Formation,the western paleo-uplift in the early stage of Late Paleozoic,the Late Paleozoic–Middle Triassic carbonate platform,foreland slope and forebulge during Late Triassic to Cretaceous,and Cenozoic multi-strike rejuvenated fold-thrusting structures.The fold-thrust belt vertically shows a double-layer structural deformation controlled by the salt layer in the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation and the base detachment layer at present.The upper deformation layer develops the NE-SW strike thrusts propagating toward basin in long distance,while the deeper deformation layer had near north-south strike basement-involved folds,which deformed the detachment and thrusting structures formed earlier in the upper layer,with the deformation strength high in south part and weak in north part.The southern part of the fold-thrust belt is characterized by basement-involved fold-thrusts formed late,while the central-northern part is dominated by thin-skin thrusts in the shallow layer.The Wuzhongshan anticlinal belt near piedmont is characterized by over-thrust structure above the salt detachment,where the upper over-thrusting nappe consists of a complicated fold core and front limb of a fault-bend fold,while the deep layer has stable subtle in-situ structures.Favorable exploration strata and areas have been identified both in the upper and deeper deformation layers separated by regional salt detachment,wherein multiple anticlinal structures are targets for exploration.Other potential exploration strata and areas in southwestern Sichuan fold-thrust belt include the deep Sinian and Permian in the Wuzhongshan structure,pre-Sinian rifting sequences and related structures,platform-margin belt of Sinian Dengying Formation,and Indosinian paleo-uplift in the east of the Longquanshan structure.

库车坳陷秋里塔格构造带中东段油气充注期次及成藏模式

库车坳陷秋里塔格构造带新生界油藏勘探潜力大,古近系膏盐岩相变区储层砂岩厚度薄,油气成藏过程复杂。利用流体包裹体岩相学观察、激光拉曼光谱、包裹体测温、盆地模拟和储层定量荧光光谱等方法,分析古近系库姆格列木群盐间砂岩样品的烃充注相关流体记录,明确研究区油气充注期次和成藏模式。结果表明:古近纪末—中新世早期,中质油聚集于白垩系砂岩顶部;中新世中期,库姆格列木群砂岩储层第一期轻质油—凝析油充注发生于约14.2 Ma,以蓝绿色荧光包裹体组合为主,古油藏广泛分布;中新世晚期—上新世中期,构造挤压作用增强,逆冲断裂、构造裂缝导致古油藏大量散失;上新世晚期以来,随埋藏深度的增加,高纯度、厚层膏盐层封盖性逐渐恢复,砂岩储层第二期甲烷干气充注发生于约3.7 Ma,形成含甲烷包裹体组合,构成现今盐间砂岩气藏的基本油气特征,形成膏盐岩盖层与构造作用双重控制的油气成藏模式。该结果为秋里塔格构造带中东段进一步勘探提供依据。

Structural geology and favorable exploration prospect belts in northwestern Sichuan Basin, SW China

The northwestern Sichuan region has experienced multi-stage tectonic evolution including marine cratonic basin from the Sinian to the Middle Triassic and intra-continental basin from the Late Triassic to the Cenozoic. Several regional tectonic activities caused complicated stratigraphic distribution and structural deformations in the deep-buried layers. During the key tectonic periods, some characteristic sedimentary and deformation structures were formed, including the step-shaped marginal carbonate platform of Dengying Formation, the western paleo-high at the end of Silurian, and the passive continental margin of the Late Paleozoic–Middle Triassic. The Meso-Cenozoic intra-continental compressional tectonic processes since the Late Triassic controlled the formation of complex thrusting structures surrounding and inside the northwestern basin. The northern Longmenshan fold-thrust belt has a footwall in-situ thrust structure,which is controlled by two sets of detachments in the Lower Triassic and Lower Cambrian and presents as a multi-level deformation structure with the shallow folds, the middle thin-skin thrusts and the deeper basement-involved folds. The thrust belt in front of the Micangshan Mountain shows a double-layer deformation controlled by the Lower Triassic salt detachment, which is composed by the upper monocline and deep-buried imbricate thrust structures. The interior of the basin is characterized by several rows of large-scale basement-involved folds with NEE strike direction. From the perspective of structural geology, the favorable exploration reservoirs and belts in northwestern Sichuan have obvious zoning characteristics. The favorable exploration layers of Dengying Formation of Upper Sinian are mainly distributed in the eastern and northern areas of the northwestern Sichuan Basin, in which the Jiulongshan structural belt, Zitong syncline and Yanting slope are the most favorable. The Lower Paleozoic was transformed by Caledonian paleo-uplift and late Cenozoic folding, and the midwest area such as the Zitong syncline is a potential area for hydrocarbon exploration. The favorable part of the Upper Paleozoic is mainly distributed in the northern Longmenshan belt and its frontal area, where the deep-buried thin-skin thrust structures in the footwall are the key exploration targets.

Geochemical signatures of potassium metasomatism in anthracite from the Himalayan fold‑thrust belts of Sikkim,India

The present study focuses on the inorganic geochemical features of the bituminous coal samples from the Raniganj and the Jharia Basins,as well as the anthracite samples from the Himalayan fold-thrust belts of Sikkim,India.The SiO_(2)content(48.05 wt%to 65.09 wt%and 35.92 wt%to 50.11 wt%in the bituminous and anthracite samples,respectively)and the ratio of Al_(2)O_(3)/TiO_(2)(6.97 to 17.03 in the bituminous coal samples and 10.34 to 20.07 in the anthracite samples)reveal the intermediate igneous source rock composition of the minerals.The ratio of the K_(2)O/Al_(2)O_(3)in the ash yield of the bituminous coal samples(0.03 to 0.09)may suggest the presence of kaolinite mixed with montmorillonite,while its range in the ash yield of the anthracite samples(0.16 to 0.27)may imply the presence of illite mixed with kaolinite.The chemical index of alteration values may suggest the moderate to strong chemical weathering of the source rock under sub-humid to humid climatic conditions.The plot of the bituminous coal samples in the A–CN–K diagram depicts the traditional weathering trend of parent rocks,but the anthracite samples plot near the illite feld and are a bit ofset from the weathering trend.This may imply the plausible infuences of the potassium-metasomatism at post coalifcation stages,which is further supported by high K_(2)O/Na_(2)O ratio(29.88–80.13).The Fourier transform infrared spectra further reveal the hydroxyl stretching intensity of illite in the anthracite samples substantiating the efect of the epigenetic potassium-metasomatism.The decrease in total kaolinite intensity/compound intensity of quartz and feldspar may provide additional evidence towards this epigenetic event.

塔里木盆地北缘秋里塔格地区新构造运动及铀成矿作用阶段划分——来自不整合的约束

秋里塔格构造带为新构造运动的产物,构造变形复杂且强烈,然而对其构造变形时间和变形过程的认识仍存在争议,同时对第四纪以来的构造变形过程刻画较少,制约了铀成矿过程的研究。文章以秋里塔格构造带不整合为研究对象,在探讨不整合构造意义的基础上进行新构造运动过程研究;以上新统库车组下段为主要研究层位,探讨其赋矿砂体、层间氧化带等两大成矿要素特征及其与新构造运动的关系,进而进行铀成矿作用过程研究。研究表明,秋里塔格构造带不整合包括下更新统西域组下伏不整合、中更新统乌苏群下伏不整合、上更新统新疆群下伏不整合,分别显示为削截低角度不整合、超覆平行-高角度不整合、削截平行-高角度不整合。秋里塔格构造带新构造运动阶段可划分为3个阶段:平缓背斜发育阶段(N_(2)^(1)-Qp_(1))、箱式背斜发育阶段(Qp_(1)-Qp_(3))、构造突破阶段(Qp_(3)-今)。上新统库车组铀成矿过程可划分为3个阶段:同生沉积预富集阶段(N_(2)^(1)-N_(2)^(2)),时限为5.5~4.3 Ma;褶皱期层间氧化阶段(N_(2)^(2)-Qp_(2)),时限为4.3~0.12 Ma;剥蚀突破期改造-氧化阶段(Qp_(2)-今),时限为0.12 Ma~今。

Wadi Fatima Thin-Skinned Foreland FAT Belt: A Post Amalgamation Marine Basin in the Arabian Shield

Wadi Fatima fold-thrust (FAT) belt is a distinctive foreland FAT belt in the Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS) involving unmetamorphosed to slightly metamorphosed sedimentary sequence of Fatima Group, deposited over a metamorphic/igneous basement, comprising ortho-amphibolites, orthoand para-schists (with chaotic unmappable blocks of marbles, pyroxenites and metagabbros), older granite (773 ± 16 Ma) and younger granite. The basement exhibits structural fabrics, such as attenuated tight isoclinal folds, sheared-out hinges, NE-SW penetrative foliation and subhorizontal stretched and mineral lineations, related to an oldest prominent dextral shearing phase affected the main Wadi Fatima during the Neoproterozoic. In Wadi Fatima FAT belt, the style of deformation encompasses flexural-slip folding forming mesoscopicand map-scales NE to ENE plunging overturned antiforms and synforms, and a thrust duplex system bounded by floor thrust and sole thrust (basal detachment) dipping gently towards the hinterland (SE to SSE direction) and rises stratigraphically upwards towards the foreland. Such style is affiliated to thin-skinned deformation. Several lines of evidence, such as geometry of interacting outcropand map-scale folds and thrusts, patterns of thrust displacement variations and indications for hinge migration during fold growth, strongly suggest that folding and thrusting in Wadi Fatima FAT belt are geometrically and kinematically linked and that thrusting initiated as a consequence of folding (fold-first kinematics). Thrusts frequently show flat-ramp-flat geometry, and every so often give an impression that they are formed during two main sub-stages;an older sub-stage during which bedding sub-parallel thrusts were formed, and a younger sub-stage which generated younger ramps oblique to bedding. Thrust ramps with SE to SSE dipping regularly show sequential decrease in dip or inclination (due to piggy-back imbrication) into their transport direction which is proposed to be towards NW to NNW. Evidence indicating this transport direction of Wadi Fatima FAT belt embrace NW to NNW oriented stretching lineations recorded along thrust planes, NW to NNW folding vergence, and diminishing of the intensity of deformation and thrust stacking and imbrication from SE to NW;i.e. from hinterland to foreland. The tectonic transport vector is congruent with the mean orientation of slickenline striae formed by layer-parallel slipping along folded bedding planes. The mean orientation of slickenline lineations, after their host beds were rotated to horizontal about their strikes, is found to be N25°W - S25°E. Two tectonic models are proposed to unravel the structural history of the study area and to illustrate the tectonic evolution of Wadi Fatima FAT belt which represents one of interesting foreland FAT belts recorded worldwide. In the first model, the area was evolved from dextral shearing during the early convergence and amalgamation between East and West Gondwana, to emplacement of the older granite during a period of crustal cessation and relaxation, NNW SSE extension and extrusion of dyke swarms, emplacement of younger granite, deposition of Fatima Group over an ancient peneplain, layer parallel shortening, folding and fold tightening and overturning, thrusting, NE-SW (to NNE-SSW) shortening, and eventually NE tilting accompanied with Red Sea rifting (?). The second model suggests the presence of basement ramps (pre-existing normal faults), with NW to NNW dipping, have a strong effect on overlying Fatima Group which was evolved throughout gravitational, soft-sediment slumping and deformation.

库车坳陷秋里塔格构造带西段高精度地震成像

秋里塔格构造带西段是库车坳陷油气勘探的重要接替领域,地表条件及地下构造复杂,地震勘探难度大,主构造区勘探程度低,早期单线和宽线二维地震资料无法精确刻画高陡构造特征及复杂断裂系统。采用两宽一高三维和高密度线束三维联合地震勘探,提高复杂高陡构造区的有效覆盖次数;微测井约束浅表层速度建模,提高复杂山地及山前巨厚砾石覆盖区的静校正精度;六分法联合去噪,提高盐间及盐下地震资料的信噪比;五维插值及规则化降低山地不规则观测系统对叠前深度偏移成像的影响;双程波逆时偏移克服高陡地层偏移成像精度低的难题。采集处理一体化及地震地质融合研究,大幅提高秋里塔格构造带西段地震成像精度。

Sentinel-1 In SAR observations and time-series analysis of co-and postseismic deformation mechanisms of the 2021 Mw 5.8 Bandar Ganaveh Earthquake,Southern Iran

In the past two decades,because of the significant increase in the availability of differential interferometry from synthetic aperture radar and GPS data,spaceborne geodesy has been widely employed to determine the co-seismic displacement field of earthquakes.On April 18,2021,a moderate earthquake(Mw 5.8)occurred east of Bandar Ganaveh,southern Iran,followed by intensive seismic activity and aftershocks of various magnitudes.We use two-pass D-InSAR and Small Baseline Inversion techniques via the LiCSBAS suite to study the coseismic displacement and monitor the four-month post-seismic deformation of the Bandar Ganaveh earthquake,as well as constrain the fault geometry of the co-seismic faulting mechanism during the seismic sequence.Analyses show that the co-and postseismic deformation are distributed in relatively shallow depths along with an NW-SE striking and NE dipping complex reverse/thrust fault branches of the Zagros Mountain Front Fault,complying with the main trend of the Zagros structures.The average cumulative displacements were obtained from-137.5 to+113.3 mm/yr in the SW and NE blocks of the Mountain Front Fault,respectively.The received maximum uplift amount is approximately consistent with the overall orogen-normal shortening component of the Arabian-Eurasian convergence in the Zagros region.No surface ruptures were associated with the seismic source;therefore,we propose a shallow blind thrust/reverse fault(depth~10 km)connected to the deeper basal decollement fault within a complex tectonic zone,emphasizing the thin-skinned tectonics.

库车褶皱冲断带东秋里塔格位移转换构造及其演化——兼论侧断坡相关背斜构造圈闭的形成

库车褶皱冲断带东秋里塔格构造带发育与侧断坡有关的位移转换构造。东秋里塔格冲断层是一条北倾盲冲断层,其错移地层自西向东逐渐降低,从东秋5井以西的新近系膏盐岩转换至迪那201井的古近系膏盐岩再到迪那11井的侏罗系煤系,地震剖面上侧断坡形态清晰。侧断坡东、西断坪分别是新近系吉迪克组膏盐岩和侏罗系煤系,侧断坡发育在煤上-盐下构造地层组合中。通过DQ99-196、DQ00-226、DQ00-263等构造演化剖面恢复计算,东秋里塔格构造盐上地层位移梯度向西约为103.72m/km,而盐下东秋—迪那段的位移梯度为61.65m/km。在上述地震剖面上,盐上背斜和盐下隐伏背斜的轴线位置发生了相对变化,后者自东向西逐渐向南发生偏移;野外露头观察,盐上背斜的褶皱作用也随之向西增强。在走向上,东秋里塔格构造具有构造分段性,表明侧断坡的位移量变化具有突发性。西段为库车塔吾构造,东段为东秋-迪那构造。库车塔吾构造的盐下隐伏背斜是受东秋里塔格冲断层控制的断层相关褶皱,前、后断坪分别位于吉迪克组膏盐岩和侏罗系煤系,其隐伏的构造楔与南秋里塔格背冲断层组成库车塔吾三角带。东秋-迪那构造的隐伏背斜样式与库车塔吾段相似;但南翼缺乏背冲断层,不具备三角带形态。磷灰石裂变径迹测年表明,侧断坡的发育过程最早可以追索到康村期。东秋里塔格侧断坡相关背斜的形成与自北向南的盲冲断层和区域左行扭压复合作用有关。侧断坡相关背斜的主要构造特征是由侧断坡调节上、下滑脱层之间的应变差异,同时作为油气运移通道沟通气源岩和储层;其油气勘探意义是使得煤系烃源岩生成的天然气向上运移到侧断坡相关背斜构造圈闭如迪那2之中聚集成藏。

新疆库车地区秋里塔格构造带成因分析

秋里塔格构造带位于库车前陆逆冲带前锋 ,区域构造位置介于库车坳陷三叠 侏罗系烃源岩生排烃中心与塔北前缘隆起带之间 ,第三系广泛分布两套膏盐岩层 ,发育多套储盖组合和复杂的构造样式 ,石油地质条件非常优越。本文在分析 3个区带的变形特征基础上 ,探讨了盐上层和盐下层的构造成因 ,认为盐上层的构造成因与盐层的流动性有关 ,西段变形比东段强烈 ;盐下层构造成因东、西差异较大 ,东段与盐层的塑性变形无关 ,西段则受其影响。

库车前陆盆地东秋里塔格构造带构造分段特征

通过对研究区内不同位置的5条典型地震剖面解释,发现DQ94-226测线以西的盐上地层主要发育南倾被动顶板反冲断裂,盐层发育盐枕构造和盐推覆构造,盐下地层发育断层相关褶皱和逆冲断裂带;DQ94-226测线以东的盐上地层发育向南逆冲的大型断裂,盐层发育盐推覆构造,盐下地层主要发育断层相关褶皱和突起构造(pop-up)。平衡剖面分析表明,东西两段的南北向构造缩短量具有较大的差异性,西段的构造缩短明显大于东段。沉降史分析表明自东向西,构造活动的幅度依次增大,西段的构造活动明显比东段强烈。由此认为东秋里塔格构造带可以分为东西两段,即西段的库车塔吾构造带和东段的迪那构造带。

库车褶皱冲断带秋里塔格构造带东、西分段构造特征与油气聚集

近东西向的库车褶皱冲断带内发育近南北向的喀拉玉尔衮、康村和吐格尔明走滑断层 ,它们将库车褶皱冲断带尤其是作为前缘带的秋里塔格构造带分割成东秋里塔格、西秋里塔格和却勒塔格构造等段落 ;侧断坡在东、西构造分段上也起着重要作用。不同分段的构造特征存在较大的差异 ,其中东秋里塔格构造深部发育双重褶皱构造 ,浅部构造发育断展褶皱 ;西秋里塔格构造受近东西向走滑断层控制 ,发育南、北两排构造 ,剖面上表现为断展褶皱和滑脱褶皱特点 ;却勒塔格构造是典型的滑脱褶皱。就油气成藏而言 ,走滑断层是破坏油气聚集的主要因素之一 ;侧断坡相关背斜是库车坳陷油气勘探的新领域。

塔里木盆地秋里塔格构造带中秋1圈闭油气来源与成藏

塔里木盆地秋里塔格构造带勘探程度低,近年来在中秋构造下盘部署的中秋1井获高产油气流,实现了秋里塔格构造带的战略突破。然而,中秋构造带油气来源和油气成藏尚不明确,开展中秋1井油气来源和中秋1圈闭成藏研究有望为秋里塔格构造带下步油气勘探部署提供重要依据。针对中秋1井开展了系统的油气源对比研究,认为中秋1井原油主要来源于三叠系湖相泥岩,天然气为煤型气,主要来源于侏罗系煤系。油气成藏研究显示,中秋1井原油充注主要发生在新近纪吉迪克组—康村组沉积时期,以三叠系生烃贡献为主;天然气大规模充注发生在新近纪库车组沉积时期,晚期侏罗系生成的煤型气对早期形成的三叠系原油构成大规模气侵;中秋1圈闭形成时期早于或等于三叠系—侏罗系烃源岩生排烃期,活动断裂为油气运移提供输导条件,烃源岩-断裂-圏闭时空有效匹配,中秋构造断层下盘一系列圈闭与中秋1圈闭成藏条件相似,有望成为下步有利勘探方向。

库车前陆盆地东秋里塔格区带盐相关构造特征

库车前陆盆地的东秋里塔格构造带新近系中广泛分布着厚层膏盐,典型地震剖面解释发现,盐上地层、盐层和盐下地层分别具有不同的构造样式和变形机理。分别进行的地质模型研究表明,盐上层构造地质模型主要有逆冲断层和断层传播褶皱、顶板反向逆冲断层、逆冲推覆体、盐上向斜等构造;盐层构造地质模型主要有盐枕构造、鱼尾构造、盐推覆构造等;盐下层构造地质模型主要有断层转折褶皱、背冲断块构造、Ⅰ型三角带构造、逆冲断块构造、逆冲断裂带等。盐上层、盐层和盐下层共同组成的构造样式有Ⅱ型三角带,具有明显的三位一体的构造特征。盐相关构造形成各种各样的盐相关构造圈闭,这些盐相关构造圈闭与阳霞凹陷烃源岩生气期相匹配,在盐下构造圈闭中形成大量的天然气藏。

库车西秋里塔格构造带中、新生代构造演化

根据平衡剖面原理,对经过西秋里塔格构造带的2条地质剖面进行构造复原,利用PRA公司的BasinMod-1D软件对其中的2口井做沉降史分析,结果表明中、新生代的构造演化特征为三叠纪末期发生构造抬升形成古隆起构造,之后的侏罗纪未发生构造沉降,一直处于沉积间断状态,白垩纪早中期发生构造沉降,白垩纪末期库车拗陷整体发生抬升剥蚀,古近纪库姆格列木群沉积期的喜马拉雅早期构造运动强度较弱,苏维依组-康村组沉积期的喜马拉雅中期构造运动强度逐渐增大,到库车组沉积期-第四纪的喜马拉雅晚期构造活动最强烈。盐层的滑脱作用使得盐上、盐下地层变形极不协调,盐上地层缩短量明显大于盐下地层,表现出明显的盐上、盐下分层缩短的特点。