Qom盆地油气成藏系统初步分析(英文)

对伊朗中部Qom盆地中、下侏罗统Shemshak组和渐新统一中新统Qom组两套烃源岩的有机质丰度、类型、成熟度及油源对比等地球化学分析表明,Shemshak组烃源岩为一套有效的烃源岩层系,Qom组为一套潜在的烃源岩层系。Shemshak组烃源岩在早白垩世开始进入生烃门限,大约在距今17Ma时进入湿气和凝析油阶段,上新世早期盆地的快速沉降使侏罗系烃源岩达到过成熟阶段。Qom盆地既存在以Shemshak组(及Qom组)为烃源岩的新近系油气藏,也可能存在Shemshak组原生油气藏。

中伊朗盆地Garmsar区块Qom组沉积微相及储层特征研究

伊朗Garmsar区块Qom组形成于碳酸盐岩台地沉积环境，岩性以生物屑灰岩、含砂生物屑灰岩、泥晶灰岩为主，是典型的裂缝-孔隙型储层。利用区内野外实测剖面资料和露头岩样测试资料，对Qom组沉积相进行标识及类型划分，并对Qom组沉积微相及其平面展布特征进行分析，指出了该区域开阔台地相-高能红藻滩微相和局限台地相-泻湖夹台内滩微相是研究区储层发育的有利部位。F段中部的粒内溶孔较为发育，而溶缝主要出现在C1、C3亚段，整个Qom组构造微裂缝不甚发育。但储层孔渗条件比较差，属于中一低孔、低渗-特低渗储层，且存在严重的不均一性。为此，从沉积相与储层特征角度研究认为，中伊朗盆地Garmsar区块Qom组油气勘探存在一定的风险。

WVSN入侵检测全视角弱栅栏β-QoM增强构建算法

针对无线视觉传感器网络(WVSN)捕获直线轨迹入侵者图像精准度不足的问题,提出了一种入侵检测全视角弱栅栏β-QoM增强构建算法CPFWBβEC。将随机均匀部署的WVSN最优全视角弱栅栏β-QoM增强构建转化成集合覆盖问题,并从理论上证明其为NP-hard的。在此基础上,启发式算法CPFWBβEC被提出。算法CPFWBβEC主要基于传感器覆盖面积优先的贪心思想,从而在WVSN网络上实现了入侵检测全视角弱栅栏的β-QoM增强构建。仿真实验结果表明,该算法栅栏构建平均成功率分别比算法W-GraProj和D-eTriB提高了约0.116和0.340,且生成栅栏的平均节点数分别比算法W-GraProj和D-eTriB减少了约35.5%和56.1%。另外,随着β值的增大,全视角弱栅栏的构建节点数也随之增加。同时,算法CPFWBβEC时间复杂度为O(n_(cg)n),因此适用于节点部署密集且实时性较高的环境中。

Carbonate Sequence Stratigraphy of a Back-Arc Basin: A Case Study of the Qom Formation in the Kashan Area, Central Iran

The Qom Formation comprises Oligo-Miocene deposits from a marine succession distributed in the Central Basin of Iran. It is composed of five members designated as A-F. Little previous work exists on the sequence stratigraphy. Based on an integrated study of sequence stratigraphy with outcrop data, wells and regional seismic profiles, the Qom Formation is interpreted as a carbonate succession deposited in a mid.Tertiary back-arc basin. There are two second-order sequences （designated as SS1 and SS2） and five third-order sequences （designated as S1-S5）. Five distinct systems tracts including transgressive, highstand, forced regressive, slope margin and Iowstand have been recognized. The relationship between the sequences and lithologic sub-units has been collated and defined （S1 to S5 individually corresponding to A-C1, C2--C4, D-E, the lower and upper portions of F）; a relative sea level change curve and the sequence stratigraphic framework have been established and described in detail. The coincidence of relative sea level change between that of the determined back-arc basin and the world indicates that the sedimentary cycles of the Qom Formation are mainly controlled by eustatic cycles. The variable combination of the systems tracts and special tectonic-depositional setting causally underpin multiple sequence stratigraphic framework styles seen in the carbonates of the back-arc basin revealing： （1） a continental margin basin that developed some form of barrier, characterized by the development of multiple cycles of carbonate-evaporites; （2） a flat carbonate ramp, which occurred on the southern shelf formed by the lack of clastic supply from nearby magmatic islands plus mixed siliciclastics and carbonates that occurred on the northern shelf due to a sufficient clastics supply from the land; and （3） a forced regressive stratigraphic stacking pattern that occured on the southern shelf and in basin lows due to the uplifting of the southern shelf. Thick and widespread aggradational framework limestone usually occurs in the initial sequences （S1 and S3） of the supersequence, which led to preferential oil reservoir deposition but a lack of source and cap rocks, whereas the retrogradational and progradational framework limestone usually occurs in the later sequences （S2 and S4-S5） of the supersequence, which results in two perfect sets of source, reservoir and cap rock assemblies, so that the limestone in sub-member C2-C4 and the F-Member can be predicted as important objects for oil exploration.

伊朗盆地中北部GARMSAR区块库姆组(Qom)E段碳酸盐岩储层特征

依据Garmsar区块Te-1井岩心资料及露头资料,结合测井资料、物性测试资料及前人研究的成果,对Garmsar区块Qom组E段储层的岩石学特征、储集空间类型、物性特征进行研究,结果表明:Qom组E段储层的主要岩石类型为灰色浅滩相泥灰岩、生物屑灰岩、泥晶生物屑灰岩、生物屑泥晶灰岩、泥岩及具溶孔的生物屑含云灰岩。孔隙类型以粒内溶孔、粒间溶孔、铸模孔和生物体腔孔为主。物性总体表现出低孔隙度、特低渗透率特征,沉积环境和成岩作用是控制储层发育的主要因素,Qom组E段主要发育Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类储层。

Facies Analysis, Depositional Environment and Diagenetic Features of the Qom Formation in the Saran Semnan, Central Iran

In this study, to identify and analyze facies of depositional environment and depositional model of Qom Formation, stratigraphic Saran Section (southwest of Semnan) was selected. Qom Formation in Saran section includes about 380 meters of conglomerate at the base, chalk, limestone, marl, and shale. Petrographic studies with facies analysis have led to the identification of 12 microfacies, these microfacies have been deposited in four facies groups including tidal flat, lagoon, barrier and open marine. Study of horizontal and vertical facies changes and their comparison with recent and ancient environments reveals that Qom Formation in this section relates to shallow marine environment and its facies were deposited in a shelf carbonate platform and are comparable with contemporary shelf platforms such as Florida and old shelf platforms such as Mozduran. The most important diagenetic processes affecting the studied section include micritization, bioturbation, cementation, dissolution, neomorphism, fracturing, mechanical and chemical compaction, hematitization and dolomitization. These processes have formed in marine, meteoric and burial diagenetic environments.

Chemical Treatment Effects of Blue, Yellow and Green Colors with Heating Methods on Agates of Cheshme Shoor Area, Qom, Iran

The Cheshme Shoor area is located in northeast of Qom which is a part of central Iran geo-structural zone. The rocks of the area are mainly volcanic rocks that include Eocene acidic tuffs and ignimbrites. Different types of agate, jasper and amethyst formed as secondary cavity filling deposits in variety of colors and shapes in the area. In this paper, chemical treatments by different chemicals with heating methods in 15 different procedures have been conducted on one agate sample of the study area which has been divided into smaller pieces by milling. Dyeing with these methods has been done in blue, yellow and green colors. Excellent results have been achieved in 9 processes, significant but not expected results have been illustrated in 4 processes and 2 processes have been represented no changes. Produced colors have had a natural and light color which makes them more desirable to the consumers but totally these dyeing processes illustrate that concentration of the solution is effective in coloring and solutions with more concentrations produce stronger color.

老龄化社会中提高体干肌机能的有效性及重要意义——QOM(Quality of Motion)训练法

【目的】训练体干肌的方法有多种,验证QOM(Quality of Motion)训练法中所提倡的,利用自重不费力进行体干运动而达到身体活动能力提高、身体平衡能力提高等效果。【方法】实验对象是一名无运动经验的25岁男性,对其实施为期1个月的QOM训练。使用表面肌电仪(EMG&MotionTools)及加速度仪(GYRO SENSOR),以大腿股直肌、大腿股二头肌、臀大肌、腹外斜肌以及与人体神经反射活动的身体转动和平衡反应高度相关的胸锁乳突肌作为肌电实验肌肉。测试项目有QOM HipLeg Swing训练和车轴移动式Power Bike训练、步行动作测试、前后摆腿测试、功率自行车动作测试、跨步实验、重心动摇实验。【结果】通过QOM训练后各测试肌肉的最大自主收缩肌力(%MVC)均符合QOM训练提出的理念;髋关节屈伸、内收外展和内旋外旋的可动度均向理想目标变化;身体重心的动摇面积缩小。【结论】(1)通过体表关联肌训练可以间接反映体干肌的训练效果(2)QOM训练可以提高肌肉活动效率、增加髋关节活动度。(3)QOM训练能够使身体重心稳定性提高,降低跌倒风险。

Facies, Depositional Environment and Diagenesis of the Qom Formation in Rameh Section (Northeastern Garmsar)

Deposits of the Qom Formation (Oligocene-Miocene) in Rameh section are located in northeastern Garmsar and contain dominantly 420 m Limestone, pebble-rich to sandy Limestone and marl Limestone. This formation is unconformably overlaid and underlaid with siliciclastic deposits of Upper Red Formation and Lower Red Formation. Field observations, along with laboratory investigations, have resulted in identifying tidal flat, lagoon, shoal and open marine environments in the studied formation. Open marine facies association consists of bioclast mudstone, bioclast wackestone, bioclast packstone and bioclast roadstone;shoal facies association consists of ooid grainstone, bioclast grainstone and coral boundstone;lagoon facies association is composed of dolomitic mudstone, intraclast bioclast wackestone and bioclast packstone;and tidal flat facies association is sandy dolomudstone and stromatolite boundstone. The qom formation rocks in Rameh section are deposited in a rimmed shelf carbonate ramp. This formation undergoes various diagenetic processes including dissolution, porosity, cementation, micritization, compaction and dolomitization.

无线视频传感器网络β-QoM目标栅栏覆盖构建算法

针对传统无线视频传感器网络(WVSN)目标栅栏因捕获图像宽度过小而导致的入侵检测失效问题,提出一个能确保捕获不小于β监测质量(β-QoM)的无线视频传感器网络β-QoM目标栅栏覆盖构建(WβTBC)算法。首先,建立视频传感器β-QoM区的几何模型,并证明了所有相邻视频传感器β-QoM区相交的目标栅栏捕获的入侵者图像宽度必大于等于β;然后,在对WVSN最优β-QoM目标栅栏覆盖建立线性规划模型的基础上,证明了它是一个NP-hard问题;最后,为了获得该问题的次优解,设计了一个启发式算法WβTBC。根据传感器间的逆时针β邻居关系建立WVSN的有向图,并采用Dijkstra算法在WVSN中搜索β-QoM目标栅栏。实验结果表明,WβTBC算法能有效构建β-QoM目标栅栏,且分别比螺旋外围外覆盖(SPOC)、螺旋外围内覆盖(SPIC)及目标栅栏构建(TBC)算法节省了23.3%、10.8%和14.8%的传感器节点。此外,在满足入侵检测要求的前提下,β值越小,WβTBC算法构建β-QoM目标栅栏的成功率越高,形成栅栏的节点越少,WVSN进行β-QoM入侵检测的工作周期越长。

On the occurrence of Neoplanorbulinella Matsumaru, 1976(Foraminifera) from the late Oligocene of Central Iran(Qom Formation):Palaeobiogeographic implications

The shallow marine carbonates of the upper Oligocene Qom Formation yielded several occurrences of the foraminiferan genus Neoplanorbulinella Matsumaru. Neoplanorbulinella saipanensis Matsumaru has so far been recorded from the late Eocene-early Miocene of Japan and late Oligocene of NE Italy whereas N. malatyaensis Gedik is only reported from the Oligocene from its type locality in the Malatya Basin, eastern Turkey. The new records reported here from the Qom Formation indicate that both species occur in the Dobaradar section, ca. 10 km south of the city of Qom in North-Central Iran. The palaeogeographic distribution of these two species therefore has to be extended as far as the palaeolongitude of current Central Iran.The accompanying larger benthic foraminifers, including Miogypsinoides complanatus(Schlumberger),M. formosensis Yabe and Hanzawa, Spiroclypeus margaritatus(Schlumberger), Operculina complanata(Defrance), and Risananeiza pustulosa Boukhary et al., indicate the upper Chattian SBZ 23 Zone. The coexistence of the N. saipanensis and N. malatyaensis points to suitable palaeobiogeographic conditions of Central Iran to host Western and Eastern Tethyan taxa.

Postmiogypsinella intermedia Sirel and Gedik 2011 from the upper Oligocene of Central Iran(Qom Formation):Paleogeography and paleoenvironmental implications

Postmiogypsinella intermedia Sirel and Gedik,2011 is reported for the first time from the shallow-marine limestones of the upper Chattian Qom Formation,Central Iran.This miogypsinid species has so far only been recorded from the upper Oligocene of Malatya(type locality)and Sivas(Central Anatolia)in eastern Turkey and from the upper Oligocene of the Prebetic Domain,SE Spain.The new record from Central Iran,paleobiogeographically located at the Eurasian margin of the Tethyan Seaway between the Western and Eastern Tethys realms,indicates that the paleogeographic distribution of this species has to be extended eastwards as far as Central Iran.This observation is not unexpected,since miogypsinid foraminifers with eccentric embryonic-nepionic apparatus(e.g.,Miogypsinella,Miogypsinoides,Miogypsina)are usually widely distributed.The accompanying larger benthic foraminifera,including Miogypsinoides complanatus(Schlumberger),Miogypsinoides formosensis Yabe and Hanzawa,Spiroclypeus margaritatus(Schlumberger),Operculina complanata(Defrance),and Risananeiza pustulosa Boukhary et al.,indicate the late Chattian age(corresponding to SBZ 23 Biozone).Postmiogypsinella intermedia is indicative of a shallow-marine middle ramp environment with oligotrophic conditions and inhabited the relatively deeper part of the photic zone.

中伊朗盆地Garmsar区块构造演化特征

对Garmsar区块各时期、各层段的构造演化特征分析得出:晚渐新世一中新世Qom组沉积末发生的一幕挤压构造活动在Garmsar地区相对比较微弱,盆地内部有微弱的褶皱形变,大部分地区表现为整一接触关系。晚中新世Garmsar地区的构造活动不是很强烈,该段沉积期间发生的挤压构造运动已经开始控制Kuh-i-Gatchab构造的沉积,即断层及褶皱构造已经形成雏形。第四系以后发生了一次强烈的构造运动,尤其Alborz造山带地层抬升幅度较大,此Kuh-i-Gatchab背斜基本定型。

基于QEMU的CAN网络仿真

为了缩短CAN网络的开发周期,降低成本,通常先通过软件进行仿真。在此采用QEMU作为其单个结点,并通过Socket CAN将各个结点链接起来组成CAN(Controller Area Network)虚拟网络。在设计单结点时,采用最新的QOM(QEMU Object Model)模型,设计了通用的独立CAN控制器SJA1000,包括设备模型、设备前后端、设备驱动的设计。最后在QEMU实现了虚拟CAN设备,给出了其功能测试结果,并对搭建的CAN网络进行了性能测试,满足仿真要求。

伊朗库姆盆地油气成藏机理分析

库姆盆地是以前寒武系变质岩为基底的中新生代盆地,通过对中下侏罗统舍姆沙克组和渐新统—中新统库姆组两套烃源岩的有机质丰度、类型、成熟度及油源对比等地球化学分析表明,舍姆沙克组烃源岩为一套有效的烃源岩层系,库姆组为一套潜在的烃源岩层系。舍姆沙克组烃源岩在早白垩世开始进入生烃门限,大约在17Ma时进入湿气和凝析油阶段,上新世早期盆地的快速沉降使侏罗系源岩达到过成熟阶段。经对库姆盆地成藏要素的演化过程进行分析,认为库姆盆地的区域石油地质背景有利于油气藏的形成、演化。库姆盆地既存在以舍姆沙克组(及库姆组)为源岩的新近系油气藏,也可存在舍姆沙克组原生油气藏。燕山期和喜山期形成的圈闭是本区的有利勘探目标。

中伊朗盆地Kashan地区油气地质条件研究

通过野外地质调查和地质—地球物理—地球化学的综合研究,详细剖析了Kashan区块的油气地质条件。其主要目的层中晚渐新世—早中新世的库姆组为世界上极具特色的含陆源碎屑—火山碎屑的碳酸盐岩混积地层,又是典型的裂缝-孔隙型储层。中伊朗盆地为一弧背前陆盆地,其内构造圈闭发育。由于泥质岩和膏岩发育,Kashan地区油气保存条件极佳。中伊朗盆地Kashan地区发育有侏罗系Shemshak组、白垩系和库姆组海相页岩和泥灰岩3套烃源岩,但质量欠佳。Arn-2井和Fkh-21井分别有过3期和4期含烃流体充注。Arn-22井和Fkh-21井所充注的并不是与Arn-21井类似的液态石油而是富氮或不含氮的天然气。建议在中伊朗盆地其他区块的油气勘探中,把烃源岩的质量评价、油气资源前景估计和储层裂缝预测放在研究工作的首要位置。

伊朗Kashan区块库姆组含烃流体来源的地球化学示踪

通过对Kashan区块上库姆组碳酸盐围岩与裂缝或晶洞充填方解石的^87Sr／^86Sr，δ^18O和δ^13C对比研究，确定含烃流体的可能来源。裂缝或晶洞充填方解石的^87Sr／^86Sr，δ^18O／‰（PDB）和δ^18O／‰（PDB）分别为：0．7074～0．7087，-12．7～-6．214和0．630～1．883。方解石的。^87Sr／^86Sr，δ^18O特征和流体包裹体较高的均一温度（120℃～217℃），说明舍烃流体为来自休罗系Shemshak组的贫锶贫氧流体（^87Sr／^86Sr=0．7074，δ^18OPDB=-12．17‰）、富锶富氧流体（^87Sr／^86Sr=0．7087，δ^18OPDB=-6．214‰）及这两种流体混合形成的混合流体。

伊朗Kashan区块Shemshak组烃源岩特征及其油气成藏

伊朗Kashan区块是以前寒武系变质岩为基底的中、新生代盆地,通过对露头区中下侏罗统Shemshak组烃源岩的有机质丰度、类型及成熟度等地球化学分析并结合油源对比分析,确定其为有效烃源岩。在此基础上笔者对研究区内的成藏要素演化过程进行分析,认为研究区内的区域石油地质背景有利于油气藏的形成、演化。Kashan区块既存在以Shemshak组为源岩的新近系油气藏,也可存在Shemshak组原生油气藏。

四川盆地震旦系与中伊朗盆地第三系碳酸盐岩油气成藏比较性研究

中国叠合盆地深层碳酸盐岩储层和油气藏形成的特殊性是学术界和油气勘探部门十分关注的问题。四川盆地上震旦统灯影组是中国叠合盆地最老的碳酸盐岩储集层之一;中伊朗盆地第三系库姆组是世界上极具特色的含陆源碎屑火山碎屑的碳酸盐岩混积地层。四川盆地震旦系较古老,所经历构造演化、成岩过程复杂;而中伊朗盆地库姆组则时代较新,所经历构造演化、成岩过程相对简单。通过对四川盆地丁山1井灯影组碳酸盐岩和中伊朗盆地Arn 1井第三系库姆组碳酸盐岩的比较性研究,发现两者在碳酸盐岩储层和油气藏的形成演化方面,既有共性又有特殊性。就储层而言,共性表现在均为裂缝孔隙型,原生孔隙基本消失殆尽,基质孔隙度较低,非均质性较强;特殊性表现在使灯影组早期储层空间保留至今和使早已致密的碳酸盐岩再次变为优质储层的作用和机理。就油气成藏而言,碳酸盐岩油气藏的形成均需要基本的油气地质条件,同时也均较复杂;不同的是,四川盆地震旦系油气的成藏过程更加复杂,主要表现在四中心(生烃中心、生气中心、储气中心和保气中心)的变迁和耦合。在中国叠合盆地碳酸盐岩油气勘探中,应充分引用国外碳酸盐岩的有关成果,研究碳酸盐岩的共有特征;同时,还应重视中国叠合盆地碳酸盐岩储层发育和油气藏形成演化的特殊性。

伊朗KASHAN区块库姆组碳酸盐岩层序地层特征

伊朗KASHAN区块是中国石化海外油气勘探市场的一部分。作为主要勘探目的层的渐新一中新统中下部库姆组在该区沉积了数千米厚的海相碳酸盐岩系,发育8种沉积相11种亚相。从层序地层学的角度分析认为:库姆组为一个完整的沉积旋回,属于二级层序;在此基础上,将其划分为两个三级层序。文章结合海平面变化对沉积环境的影响,分析了有利的生、储、盖组合,指出了该区良好的油气开发远景。