The acquisition of precise soil data representative of the entire survey area, is a critical issue for many treatments such as irrigation or fertilization in precision agriculture. The aim of this study was to investi...The acquisition of precise soil data representative of the entire survey area, is a critical issue for many treatments such as irrigation or fertilization in precision agriculture. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial variability of soil bulk electrical conductivity (ECb) in a coastal saline field and design an optimized spatial sampling scheme of ECb based on a sampling design algorithm, the variance quad-tree (VQT) method. Soil ECb data were collected from the field at 20 m interval in a regular grid scheme. The smooth contour map of the whole field was obtained by ordinary kriging interpolation, VQT algorithm was then used to split the smooth contour map into strata of different number desired, the sampling locations can be selected within each stratum in subsequent sampling. The result indicated that the probability of choosing representative sampling sites was increased significantly by using VQT method with the sampling number being greatly reduced compared to grid sampling design while retaining the same prediction accuracy. The advantage of the VQT method is that this scheme samples sparsely in fields where the spatial variability is relatively uniform and more intensive where the variability is large. Thus the sampling efficiency can be improved, hence facilitate an assessment methodology that can be applied in a rapid, practical and cost-effective manner.展开更多
A 2D depth-averaged flow-pollutant coupled model based on quad-tree meshes was established to accurately simulate flows in water areas with irregular natural boundaries in this paper. The grids were generated by recur...A 2D depth-averaged flow-pollutant coupled model based on quad-tree meshes was established to accurately simulate flows in water areas with irregular natural boundaries in this paper. The grids were generated by recursive subdivision about seeding points. A new neighbor-finding algorithm was presented. The governing equations were discretized in collocated conservative variables by using the finite volume method, and the normal flux of mass, momentum and pollutants across the interface between cells were computed by a Godunov-type Flux Difference Splitting (FDS) scheme. The model was applied to simulate flow fields around a groin. The computed values are in agreement with observed data. The results indicate that quad-tree meshes have fine local resolution, high efficiency and easy local refinement. It is clear that the quad-tree grid model can offer gains in efficiency when applied to complex flow domains or strong shear flows. Finally, the model is applied to flow fields and concentration fields simulation in Jiangsu Haizhou Bay. The simulated polluted area is matched well with observations. Therefore, this model can be used to predict flow and concentration fields of actual water area with irregular natural land boundaries.展开更多
研究目的:通过点数据二维范围查询性能测试评价空间划分方法(kd-树和四叉树)的可行性和有效性。创新要点:基于不确定空间创建有效索引,将范围查询分解成多个等尺寸子范围求解。研究方法:将数据集合定义为二维平面上的点,进行范围查询(...研究目的:通过点数据二维范围查询性能测试评价空间划分方法(kd-树和四叉树)的可行性和有效性。创新要点:基于不确定空间创建有效索引,将范围查询分解成多个等尺寸子范围求解。研究方法:将数据集合定义为二维平面上的点,进行范围查询(窗口查询)。根据数据大小(相对大或相对小)及其分布(随机或偏斜)测试四种方案(图3-8)。相同的测试同时应用于真实数据(Turkey’s points of interest data,图9-11)。重要结论:所提算法有助选取由索引表格创建的最佳划分组合,最小化给定查询响应时间。四叉树索引平行度更高,这很大程度上由于四叉树更清晰地揭示数据空间位置。展开更多
针对序贯式融合方法常常会降低多波段图像间原有差异的问题,提出了基于嵌入式多尺度变换(embedded multi-scale transform,EMT)和局部差异特征的多波段图像融合方法.利用支持度变换法(support value transform,SVT)分别分解多波段图像;...针对序贯式融合方法常常会降低多波段图像间原有差异的问题,提出了基于嵌入式多尺度变换(embedded multi-scale transform,EMT)和局部差异特征的多波段图像融合方法.利用支持度变换法(support value transform,SVT)分别分解多波段图像;再采用四叉树(quad-tree,QT)法分解灰度值较分散的某波段图像的最后一层低频成分图像,以分解得到的块图像为标准分别分割其他波段的最后一层低频成分图像;采用可能性理论的析取融合规则对多波段低频块图像进行特征级融合;遍历所有块得到低频融合图像块;将拼接得到的低频融合图像与像素级逐层融合得到的支持度图像序列进行逆变换,获得最终融合图像.实验结果表明:四叉树分解融合有显著效果,与单纯的四叉树融合相比,嵌入式多尺度分解融合图像的边缘强度提高了13.31%,对比度提升了2.63%,熵提高了4.26%,运行时间下降了87.11%,证明了所提出方法的有效性.展开更多
基金We thank the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(40701007,40571066)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(20060401048).
文摘The acquisition of precise soil data representative of the entire survey area, is a critical issue for many treatments such as irrigation or fertilization in precision agriculture. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial variability of soil bulk electrical conductivity (ECb) in a coastal saline field and design an optimized spatial sampling scheme of ECb based on a sampling design algorithm, the variance quad-tree (VQT) method. Soil ECb data were collected from the field at 20 m interval in a regular grid scheme. The smooth contour map of the whole field was obtained by ordinary kriging interpolation, VQT algorithm was then used to split the smooth contour map into strata of different number desired, the sampling locations can be selected within each stratum in subsequent sampling. The result indicated that the probability of choosing representative sampling sites was increased significantly by using VQT method with the sampling number being greatly reduced compared to grid sampling design while retaining the same prediction accuracy. The advantage of the VQT method is that this scheme samples sparsely in fields where the spatial variability is relatively uniform and more intensive where the variability is large. Thus the sampling efficiency can be improved, hence facilitate an assessment methodology that can be applied in a rapid, practical and cost-effective manner.
基金Project supported by State Key Laboratory Science Foundation (Grant No: 2005406811), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No: 50009001) and Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No: BK2000004).
文摘A 2D depth-averaged flow-pollutant coupled model based on quad-tree meshes was established to accurately simulate flows in water areas with irregular natural boundaries in this paper. The grids were generated by recursive subdivision about seeding points. A new neighbor-finding algorithm was presented. The governing equations were discretized in collocated conservative variables by using the finite volume method, and the normal flux of mass, momentum and pollutants across the interface between cells were computed by a Godunov-type Flux Difference Splitting (FDS) scheme. The model was applied to simulate flow fields around a groin. The computed values are in agreement with observed data. The results indicate that quad-tree meshes have fine local resolution, high efficiency and easy local refinement. It is clear that the quad-tree grid model can offer gains in efficiency when applied to complex flow domains or strong shear flows. Finally, the model is applied to flow fields and concentration fields simulation in Jiangsu Haizhou Bay. The simulated polluted area is matched well with observations. Therefore, this model can be used to predict flow and concentration fields of actual water area with irregular natural land boundaries.
文摘研究目的:通过点数据二维范围查询性能测试评价空间划分方法(kd-树和四叉树)的可行性和有效性。创新要点:基于不确定空间创建有效索引,将范围查询分解成多个等尺寸子范围求解。研究方法:将数据集合定义为二维平面上的点,进行范围查询(窗口查询)。根据数据大小(相对大或相对小)及其分布(随机或偏斜)测试四种方案(图3-8)。相同的测试同时应用于真实数据(Turkey’s points of interest data,图9-11)。重要结论:所提算法有助选取由索引表格创建的最佳划分组合,最小化给定查询响应时间。四叉树索引平行度更高,这很大程度上由于四叉树更清晰地揭示数据空间位置。
文摘针对序贯式融合方法常常会降低多波段图像间原有差异的问题,提出了基于嵌入式多尺度变换(embedded multi-scale transform,EMT)和局部差异特征的多波段图像融合方法.利用支持度变换法(support value transform,SVT)分别分解多波段图像;再采用四叉树(quad-tree,QT)法分解灰度值较分散的某波段图像的最后一层低频成分图像,以分解得到的块图像为标准分别分割其他波段的最后一层低频成分图像;采用可能性理论的析取融合规则对多波段低频块图像进行特征级融合;遍历所有块得到低频融合图像块;将拼接得到的低频融合图像与像素级逐层融合得到的支持度图像序列进行逆变换,获得最终融合图像.实验结果表明:四叉树分解融合有显著效果,与单纯的四叉树融合相比,嵌入式多尺度分解融合图像的边缘强度提高了13.31%,对比度提升了2.63%,熵提高了4.26%,运行时间下降了87.11%,证明了所提出方法的有效性.
