A Qualitative Model of the Interaction of Sexual Behavior and Hormone Gene Transcription in Male Blue Gourami during Reproduction

In the present study, a model is suggested to describe hormone control in male blue gourami (Trichogaster trichopterus) along the gonadotropic brain-pituitary- gonad axis (BPG axis) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-somatotropic axis (HPS axis). This model is based on the cloning and transcription of genes encoding hormones of the two axes involved in spermatogenesis during blue gourami reproduction. Gene transcription is affected by environmental, biological, and behavioral factors. Mature males were examined in two different stages—nonreproductive in high-density habitats and reproductive in low-density habitats. Based on gene transcription, gonadotropin-releasing hormone 1 (GnRH1) was involved in controlling spermatogenesis (spermatogonia to spermatids) via the BPG axis in nonreproductive and reproductive stages by controlling follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), 11-ketotestosterone (11KT) and 17β-estradiol (E2). However, GnRH3 had a larger effect during the reproductive stage via the BPG axis (spermatids to sperm) on luteinizing hormone (LH), 11KT, and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17P). At the same time, the HPS axis was involved in spermatogenesis via pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and its related peptide PRP (formerly known as GHRH-like peptide) in the brain, and growth hormone (GH) in the pituitary affected synthesis of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) in the liver.

Qualitative Knowledge Based Discrete Rod Model with Simulation Case

Constructing a qualitative model for discrete rods warhead,the kinematics analysis and dynamics analysis of the rods are completed.On the basis of the qualitative model of discrete rods,a simulation case is provided.The qualitative simulation result shows that hexagon cross section shape of rod will receive the lowest air drag while by means of better preplaced dip angle,controlling the rotation velocity of the rod and keeping every rod with identical dip angle to the axis of warhead will make the rod get a lateral direction velocity so as to have the rod gain identical casting initial velocity in its length direction.Simulation experiment shows that when dip angle of preplaced discrete rod is 6°,the damage cycle reaches the optimal value.

Grey Qualitative Modeling and Control Method for Subjective Uncertain Systems

A new approach to model and control an unknown system using subjective uncertain rules is proposed. This method is established by combining the grey system theory and the qualitative simulation method. The proposed approach mainly contains three steps. In the first step, subjective uncertain rules are accumulated gradually during cognizing the system; the mapping relations between the system inputs and outputs are built and represented using the grey qualitative matrix in the second step; in the third step,the generalized whitening function is defined to realize the transformation between qualitative and quantitative information. Besides the theoretical results, two sets of simulations based on a water level control system are conducted comparatively to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The water level expectation is set to be constant in the first set, while it changes in the second set. The simulation results show that the proposed method tracks the water level expectation well. By combining the proposed method with proportional-integral-derivative(PID) or fuzzy logic controller(FLC), it can be concluded that the system can reach the stable state more quickly and the overshoot can also be reduced compared to using PID or FLC alone.

DEFICIENT INFORMATION MODELING OF MECHANICAL PRODUCTS FOR CONCEPTUAL SHAPE DESIGN

In allusion to the deficient feature of product information in conceptualdesign, a framework of deficient information modeling for conceptual shape design is put forward,which includes qualitative shape modeling (a qualitative solid model), uncertain shape modeling (anuncertain relation model) and imprecise shape modeling (an imprecise region model). In theframework, the qualitative solid model is the core, which represents qualitatively (using symbols)the conceptual shapes of mechanical products. The uncertain relation model regarding domainrelations as objects and the imprecise region model regarding domains as objects are used to dealwith the uncertain and imprecise issues respectively, which arise from qualitative shape modeling orexist in product information itself.

The Resolution of the Great 20th Century Debate in the Foundations of Mathematics

The paper resolves the great debate of the 20th century between the three philosophies of mathematics-logicism, intuitionism and formalism—founded by Bertrand Russell and A. N. Whitehead, L. E. J. Brouwer and David Hilbert, respectively. The issue: which one provides firm foundations for mathematics? None of them won the debate. We make a critique of each, consolidate their contributions, rectify their weakness and add our own to resolve the debate. The resolution forms the new foundations of mathematics. Then we apply the new foundations to assess the status of Hilbert’s 23 problems most of which in foundations and find out which ones have been solved, which ones have flawed solutions that we rectify and which ones are open problems. Problem 6 of Hilbert’s problems—Can physics be axiomatized?—is answered yes in E. E. Escultura, Nonlinear Analysis, A-Series: 69(2008), which provides the solution, namely, the grand unified theory (GUT). We also point to the resolution of the 379-year-old Fermat’s conjecture (popularly known as Fermat’s last theorem) in E. E. Escultura, Exact Solutions of Fermat’s Equations (Definitive Resolution of Fermat’s Last Theorem), Nonlinear Studies, 5(2), (1998). Likewise, the proof of the 274-year-old Goldbach’s conjecture is in E. E. Escultura, The New Mathematics and Physics, Applied Mathematics and Computation, 138(1), 2003.

A CONFIGURATION SYSTEM FOR FASTENER DESIGN（AN APPROACH TOWARDS COMPUTER AIDED CONCEPTUAL DESIGN）

The paper describes research aimed at developing a configuration system to support theconceptual design of mechanical fasteners. A prototype configuration system has been developedwhich allows designers to interactively configure fastener designs using geometric and functionalicons , freely without regard to physical constraints, with the aim of forming candidate designs.Candidate designs are then passed to the qualitative modeller which uses qualrtative reasoningtechniques to evaluate the configuration. Supporting the above design procedure is a knowledgebase which contains object descriptions of fasteners and fastener features (given in terms ofgeometry, function, performance, material,installation). Design rules (expressing spatial andcasual relationships of fastener features),which are required during the evaluation of candidatefastener configurations, are also contained in the knowledge base.

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS FOR A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF AIDS

In this paper a mathematical model of AIDS is investigated.The conditions of the existence of equilibria and local stability of equilibria are given.The existences of transcritical bifurcation and Hopf bifurcation are also considered.in particular,the conditions for the existence of Hopf bifurcation can be given in terms of the coefficients of the characteristic equation.The method extends the application of the Hopf bifurcation theorem to higher differential equations which occur in biological models,chemical models,and epidemiological models etc.

What Prompts the People's Bank of China to Change Its Monetary Policy Stance?Evidence from a Discrete Choice Model

In the present paper, we model the policy stance of the People＇s Bank of China （PBC） as a latent variable, and the discrete changes in the reserve requirement ratio, policy interest rates, and the scale of open market operations are taken as signals of movement of this latent variable. We run a discrete choice regression that relates these observed indicators of policy stance to major trends of macroeconomic and financial developments, which are represented by common factors extracted from a large number of variables. The predicted value of the estimated model can then be interpreted as the implicit policy stance of the PBC. In a second step, we estimate how much of the variation in the PBC＇ s implicit stance can be explained by measures of its policy objectives on inflation, growth and financial stability. We find that deviations of CPI inflation from an implicit target and deviations of broad money growth from the announced targets, but not output gaps, figure significantly in the PBC＇s policy changes.