Analysis of Water Quality and Eutrophication Status of Artificial Lakes on Campus:A Case Study in Tibet University

In this paper,the artificial lake on the campus of Tibet University was taken as the research object.By detecting the water quality of the lake,the standard index method and comprehensive pollution index method were used to understand the water quality characteristics,pollution status,and main pollutants of the Siyuan Lake.On this basis,the comprehensive nutritional status index method was used to evaluate the eutrophication status of the Siyuan Lake.The results showed that the overall water quality of the artificial lake was good,showing as still clean,with TN and TP being the main pollution factors of the artificial lake.The main nutritional indicators were TN,TP,and transparency,with a comprehensive nutritional level of middle eutropher.Based on the environmental characteristics of the artificial lake area on the campus of Tibet University,reasonable treatment measures have been proposed.It hoped to prevent and improve the water environment through these measures,and provide reference for the protection and restoration of campus landscape water body.

Adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system for classification of water quality status

An adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system was used for classifying water quality status of river. It applied several physical and inorganic chemical indicators including dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, and ammonia-nitrogen. A data set （nine weeks, total 845 observations） was collected from 100 monitoring stations in all major river basins in China and used for training and validating the model. Up to 89.59% of the data could be correctly classified using this model. Such performance was more competitive when compared with artificial neural networks. It is applicable in evaluation and classification of water quality status.

Assessing benthic habitat quality using biotic indices in the Laizhou Bay, China

As an important part of the Bohai economic rim,the Laizhou Bay has been stressed by serious eco-environmental problems in recent years.In this study,the Shannon-Wiener index(H′),AZTI’s marine biotic index(AMBI)and the multivariate AMBI(M-AMBI)were used to assess the ecological quality status(EQS)of the Laizhou Bay according to macrobenthos data collected annually in August 2011–2014.The results showed that the overall benthic habitat quality in the Laizhou Bay was assessed as“Good”.However,25%of the samples were classified as“Moderate”,“Bad”or“Poor”status under degraded conditions.Ecological group III(EGIII)species which had a certain tolerance to environmental disturbances had a higher proportion in each station,and most of them had appeared the pollution indicator species Capitella capitata.This indicated that the benthic habitat in the Laizhou Bay had been disturbed and polluted to some extent.The comparison of the three indices evaluation result and the RDA analysis showed that the H′and M-AMBI were more suitable when the relative abundance of the single species was high and the macrobenthic community was significantly imbalanced;when the relative abundance of opportunistic species(EGIV and EGV)was high,the AMBI and M-AMBI could reflected the EQS objectively;in an undisturbed and polluted environment,all the three indices could indicate the benthic habitats quality.In summary,the better correlation between the three indices and environmental factors showed that they were well responsive to the tendency of the benthic habitats quality in the Laizhou Bay.

Health Evaluation for Hypertensive Population Using Exercise Testing and Health-related Quality of Life Questionnaire

Objectives This study aims to assess the impacts of hypertension on health-related quality of life (HRQOL), as well as cardiovascular functional status (CVFS). Methods An instrument was presented based on WHOQOL-BREF and SP-16 questionnaire and exercise testing. 57 normotensive and 76 hypertensive subjects aged 35-65 year-old participated the health survey using this instrument. Based on the exercise testing results of the two groups, a discriminate function was established and used to investigate cardiovascular risk factors for hypertensive population. Results The results showed that persons with hypertension rated significantly lower scores on physical health (i.e. limitation in performing daily activities and problems with work or mobility) than did normotensives (P < 0.01). The discriminant score obtained from the exercise testing results was capable of reflecting the impacts of hypertension on CVFS. Conclusions The method presented in this paper provides a more powerful tool to estimate the effects of health interventions and medical therapy for hypertensive population than just self-rated HRQOL questionnaire.

A comparison of the applicability of the Shannon-Wiener index,AMBI and M-AMBI indices for assessing benthic habitat health in the Huanghe(Yellow River) Estuary and adjacent areas

From a dataset of macrobenthos obtained from 18 cruises from 2004 to 2013 in the Huanghe（Yellow River）Estuary and its adjacent areas,the composition and characteristics of macrobenthos were analyzed,and the applicability of the Shannon-Wiener Index（H′）,AZTI＇s Marine Biotic Index（AMBI） and multivariate AMBI（MAMBI） for assessing benthic habitat quality was compared.The results showed a total of 203 macrobenthos in the study area.The macrobenthos were dominated by polychaetes,followed by mollusks and crustaceans.The macrobenthic ecological groups were dominated by EGI,EGII and EGIII,which respectively accounted for 31.5%,36.0% and 21.2% of the total.There were significant differences between the evaluation results of the three indices.The ecological quality status（EQS） levels given by the AMBI were greater than those given by the H′ and M-AMBI.The AMBI could not reflect the differences between 11 sites but the H′ and M-AMBI could do.Moreover,the three indices responded well to the variations in salinity（S） and dissolved oxygen（DO） in the waters.The H′ and MAMBI also responded sensitively to the differences in physical parameters,such as water depth and sediment texture.The correlation between M-AMBI and environmental pressure gradient data was the strongest.The MAMBI could effectively distinguish degraded conditions from undegraded but the H′ and AMBI could not.Therefore,the M-AMBI reflected benthic habitat health well in the study areas.However,the objectivity of evaluation results of M-AMBI needs further verification by physical,chemical and biological methods.The thresholds also need further discussion.

Nematode community structure in relation to metals in the southern of Caspian Sea

Spatial distribution and structure of nematode assemblages in coastal sediments of the southern part of the Caspian Sea were studied in relation to environmental factors. By considering metals, organic matter, Shannon diversity index（H）, maturity index（MI） and trophic diversity（ITD）, ecological quality status of sediment was also determined. Fifteen nematode species belonging to eleven genera were identified at the sampling sites. Average density of nematode inhabiting in sediment of the studied area was 139.78±98.91（ind. per 15.20 cm^2）. According to redundancy analysis（RDA）, there was high correlation between metals and some species. Based on biological indicators, the studied area had different environmental quality. Generally, chemical and biological indices showed different results while biological indices displayed similar results in more sites.

Does vitamin D affect disease severity in patients with ankylosing spondylitis？

Background Vitamin D has been found to have a role in the function of the immune system. There have been a lot of studies investigating a relation between vitamin D and disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis （AS）. However, there have not been any studies arranging AS in groups according to vitamin D levels and determining any differences among these patients in terms of disease activity, functional status, quality of life, and other clinical parameters. The aim of this study is to compare 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 （25（OH）D3） levels in AS patients with those in normal healthy subjects and to determine the relationship between 25（OH）D3 levels and AS disease activity, functional status, and quality of life. Methods Ninety-nine consecutive patients and 42 healthy volunteers were included in this study. After a comparison between the patient group and the control group, the patient group was divided into normal, insufficient and deficient subgroups according to the plasma 25（OH）D3 levels for another comparison. Results The differences in the 25（OH）D3 level between the patient and the control groups were statistically insignificant. The number of AS patients whose 25（OH）D3 levels were classified as normal, insufficient, and deficient were 34, 29, and 36, respectively. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate （ESR）, C-reactive protein （CRP）, and Bath AS Disease Activity Index （BASDAI） scores were higher in the low （including insufficient and deficient） 25（OH）D3 level subgroups （P 〈0.05）. The Bath AS Functional Index （BASFI） and AS Quality of Life （ASQoL） scores were significantly different between the normal and the deficient subgroups （P 〈0.05）. Pain, BASDAI, ESR, and CRP were inversely correlated to the 25（OH）D3 levels （P 〈0.05）. Conclusions The plasma 25（OH）D3 levels may decrease in AS patients and this may negatively affect disease activity, functional status and quality of life.