The Triassic fluvial sandstones of the Skagerrak Formation were deposited in a series of salt-walled mini-basins and act as important hydrocarbon reservoirs for several high-pressure, high-temperature（HPHT） fields i...The Triassic fluvial sandstones of the Skagerrak Formation were deposited in a series of salt-walled mini-basins and act as important hydrocarbon reservoirs for several high-pressure, high-temperature（HPHT） fields in the Central Graben, North Sea. The HPHT reservoirs exhibit excellent reservoir quality considering their depth of burial and hence have been of high interest for hydrocarbon exploration. This research uses a multidisciplinary approach to assess the Skagerrak Formation fluvial reservoir quality from the Seagull field incorporating core analysis, petrography, electron microscopy, XRD analysis, fluid inclusion appraisal and burial history modelling. Halokinesis and salt withdrawal at the margin of the saltwalled mini-basin induced early disaggregation bands and fractures at shallow burial and led to increased influx of meteoric water and clay mineral infiltration from overlying sedimentation. The density of disaggregation bands correlates with the occurrence and magnitude of pore-filling authigenic clay minerals, concentrated along the margin of the saltwalled mini-basin. The fluvial channel sandstones of the Skagerrak Formation are subject to strong intra-basinal spatial reservoir quality variations despite diagenesis and low vertical effective stress having played a favourable role in arresting porosity loss.展开更多
Rain-fed agriculture depends on the groundwater as a supplementary source of irrigation. The poor quality of water from the hard rock area is applied to the crops to save the crop. Continuous irrigation leads to degra...Rain-fed agriculture depends on the groundwater as a supplementary source of irrigation. The poor quality of water from the hard rock area is applied to the crops to save the crop. Continuous irrigation leads to degradation of soil, drip irrigation system as well plants. This study assessed the damages on the drip irrigation system and soil, inflicted by the use of low-quality irrigation water. The quality of water was improved with reference to raw water in terms of pH (1.57% - 5.88%), EC (3.08% - 10.08%), ions (0.96% - 46%) by using magnetization method, without disrupting the existing irrigation system in the basaltic aquifer in semi-arid to the arid condition. This was demonstrated before the farmers in central India.展开更多
Seawater flows towards the inlands along with the rivers and canals, through the process of infiltration and leaks in the ground water characterized by high concentrations of soluble salts. High salinity concentration...Seawater flows towards the inlands along with the rivers and canals, through the process of infiltration and leaks in the ground water characterized by high concentrations of soluble salts. High salinity concentrations can make groundwater unsuitable for public consumption and surface water unsuitable for irrigation and agricultural activities. This study envisages the fluctuations of ground and surface water quality of Bentota area in the presence of seawater intrusion. The temporal and spatial variations of eleven water parameters were monitored by collecting the water samples during one year period. Spatial distributions were assessed by applying the Inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation method in Arc GIS 10.5 software. Water quality is assessed on the integration of all parameters in terms of an index based on the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. The significant linear relationship between the considered parameters of surface water (SW) and groundwater (GW) were identified applying correlation analysis using SPSS software. All parameters of surface water were above the permissible limits of WHO standards. Surface water quality index values with respect to 60% of canals show very poor quality (>1 250) of surface water indicating their unsuitability for irrigation activities. Those surface water bodies indicated very highly saline conditions during dry months. The spatial distribution of ground water quality index with respect to the highest parameter values of each sampling location indicates that 52.2% of total land extent of Bentota Divisional Secretariat Division (DSD) has good quality of ground water which is suitable for drinking. Its 47.2% of total land extent has poor quality of ground water for drinking purpose and less than 0.5% of the area consists of excellent or very poor quality of ground water in each. This study helps to manage coastal aquifers by understanding the extreme water quality conditions and coastal salinity.展开更多
This groundwater research is carried out groundwater quality in Jabal Sarage and Charikar Districts.The main objective of this research is to find out natural causes of drinking water contaminations(toxic elements and...This groundwater research is carried out groundwater quality in Jabal Sarage and Charikar Districts.The main objective of this research is to find out natural causes of drinking water contaminations(toxic elements and components),that are leaching from soluble arrangement of rocks,sediments and soil by surface water at the infiltration time,toward the groundwater.For completion this research I used two categories of water analysis;one is areal analysis,and another is laboratory analysis.In areal analysis ten wells have been recovered by this research in Jabal Sarage and Charikar Distracts,a number of Electro-Conductivity,water temperature,dissolved oxygen in water,Total Dissolved Soled(TDS)and the Resolved Salt in Water(SSW),determination Partible ground at areal complete.For laboratory works I used chemical device of Spectra-photo model.From comparing mean of chemical and physical parameters with standards.pH,K,Na,Mg,Cl,Fe,F,TH,Ca and SO_(4) all are normal and we can use them for drinking and irrigation waters.The challenges that I faced during this research are;absence of research in this area and lack of geological equipment’s.展开更多
[目的]探究不同灌溉方式和灌水量对土壤水盐变化规律及燕麦生长特征的影响,为提高盐碱地作物的生产效能和土壤水分管理提供科学参考。[方法]采用盆栽试验,设置3种灌溉方式:常规灌溉、固定单侧灌溉(fixed unilateral root zone irrigatio...[目的]探究不同灌溉方式和灌水量对土壤水盐变化规律及燕麦生长特征的影响,为提高盐碱地作物的生产效能和土壤水分管理提供科学参考。[方法]采用盆栽试验,设置3种灌溉方式:常规灌溉、固定单侧灌溉(fixed unilateral root zone irrigation,FURI)、交替灌溉(alternative partial root zone irrigation,APRI),3组灌水量:W_1(60%θ_f~70%θ_f,θ_f为田间持水率),W_2(70%θ_f~80%θ_f)和W_3(80%θ_f~90%θ_f),以常规灌溉作为对照,共9组交互处理。[结果](1)不同灌溉方式下,土壤各层含水率变化趋势基本一致,随灌水量增加洗盐效果越显著,常规灌溉的深层含水率总体高于其他两种灌溉方式。(2)燕麦株高、叶绿素相对含量(relative chlorophyll content of leaves,SPAD)、品质随灌水量的增加而上升,与常规灌溉相比,W_2灌溉水平下,分根交替灌溉处理的粗脂肪,粗蛋白,β-葡聚糖含量分别增加7.02%,3.76%,6.06%,但降低了燕麦叶片的SPAD值,影响其光合能力。(3)随着燕麦生育期的推进,土壤盐分均呈现不同程度的累积,分根交替灌溉的积盐率最低,同时对燕麦根系生长、水分利用效率及产量影响显著,其中根系总长、根系总表面积、根系总体积较相同灌水量(W_2)的常规灌溉分别增加6.75%,6.92%,12.5%,水分利用效率提高17.32%。[结论]采用分根交替灌溉方式下的中等灌水量(W_2)有利于提高燕麦的生产效能,对盐分累积的控制效果较好。展开更多
以小龙虾为研究对象,探究生虾、焯水、卤煮、浸泡2 h和4℃浸泡24 h 5个阶段不同食盐添加量对小龙虾品质及其挥发性风味的影响。结果表明,L*值随着加工的进行先上升后下降,a*值、b*值均持续上升,但是食盐添加量对于色差影响较小;水分含...以小龙虾为研究对象,探究生虾、焯水、卤煮、浸泡2 h和4℃浸泡24 h 5个阶段不同食盐添加量对小龙虾品质及其挥发性风味的影响。结果表明,L*值随着加工的进行先上升后下降,a*值、b*值均持续上升,但是食盐添加量对于色差影响较小;水分含量随着加工的进行先下降后升高,食盐添加量对其影响较小。随着加工的进行,当食盐添加量为1%、2%、3%时,硬度、弹性、咀嚼性和胶着性均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,食盐添加量为0%时,硬度和咀嚼性均持续上升;所有组别的弹性和内聚性都呈先上升然后无显著变化的趋势。电子鼻检测结果大致可以分为4个部分,生虾与焯水、卤煮、浸泡2 h和4℃浸泡24 h阶段,食盐添加量较少和较多组间也有一定的区别。电子舌结果表明,随着盐分含量的增大及加工的进行,小龙虾的咸味、涩味及鲜味有所增加,其他味道变化较小;气相色谱-离子迁移谱分析结果表明,食盐添加量和卤制加工对小龙虾挥发性风味有一定积极的影响,但是食盐添加量过大和加工时间过长对挥发性风味不利。综上所述,食盐添加量及不同的加工阶段对于小龙虾的品质及挥发性风味都会造成影响。展开更多
基金sponsored by BG, BP, Chevron, Conoco Phillips, DONG Energy, E. ON, ENI, Petrobras, Petronas, Statoil and Tullow Oil at Durham University is thanked for funding this research
文摘The Triassic fluvial sandstones of the Skagerrak Formation were deposited in a series of salt-walled mini-basins and act as important hydrocarbon reservoirs for several high-pressure, high-temperature（HPHT） fields in the Central Graben, North Sea. The HPHT reservoirs exhibit excellent reservoir quality considering their depth of burial and hence have been of high interest for hydrocarbon exploration. This research uses a multidisciplinary approach to assess the Skagerrak Formation fluvial reservoir quality from the Seagull field incorporating core analysis, petrography, electron microscopy, XRD analysis, fluid inclusion appraisal and burial history modelling. Halokinesis and salt withdrawal at the margin of the saltwalled mini-basin induced early disaggregation bands and fractures at shallow burial and led to increased influx of meteoric water and clay mineral infiltration from overlying sedimentation. The density of disaggregation bands correlates with the occurrence and magnitude of pore-filling authigenic clay minerals, concentrated along the margin of the saltwalled mini-basin. The fluvial channel sandstones of the Skagerrak Formation are subject to strong intra-basinal spatial reservoir quality variations despite diagenesis and low vertical effective stress having played a favourable role in arresting porosity loss.
文摘Rain-fed agriculture depends on the groundwater as a supplementary source of irrigation. The poor quality of water from the hard rock area is applied to the crops to save the crop. Continuous irrigation leads to degradation of soil, drip irrigation system as well plants. This study assessed the damages on the drip irrigation system and soil, inflicted by the use of low-quality irrigation water. The quality of water was improved with reference to raw water in terms of pH (1.57% - 5.88%), EC (3.08% - 10.08%), ions (0.96% - 46%) by using magnetization method, without disrupting the existing irrigation system in the basaltic aquifer in semi-arid to the arid condition. This was demonstrated before the farmers in central India.
文摘Seawater flows towards the inlands along with the rivers and canals, through the process of infiltration and leaks in the ground water characterized by high concentrations of soluble salts. High salinity concentrations can make groundwater unsuitable for public consumption and surface water unsuitable for irrigation and agricultural activities. This study envisages the fluctuations of ground and surface water quality of Bentota area in the presence of seawater intrusion. The temporal and spatial variations of eleven water parameters were monitored by collecting the water samples during one year period. Spatial distributions were assessed by applying the Inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation method in Arc GIS 10.5 software. Water quality is assessed on the integration of all parameters in terms of an index based on the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. The significant linear relationship between the considered parameters of surface water (SW) and groundwater (GW) were identified applying correlation analysis using SPSS software. All parameters of surface water were above the permissible limits of WHO standards. Surface water quality index values with respect to 60% of canals show very poor quality (>1 250) of surface water indicating their unsuitability for irrigation activities. Those surface water bodies indicated very highly saline conditions during dry months. The spatial distribution of ground water quality index with respect to the highest parameter values of each sampling location indicates that 52.2% of total land extent of Bentota Divisional Secretariat Division (DSD) has good quality of ground water which is suitable for drinking. Its 47.2% of total land extent has poor quality of ground water for drinking purpose and less than 0.5% of the area consists of excellent or very poor quality of ground water in each. This study helps to manage coastal aquifers by understanding the extreme water quality conditions and coastal salinity.
文摘This groundwater research is carried out groundwater quality in Jabal Sarage and Charikar Districts.The main objective of this research is to find out natural causes of drinking water contaminations(toxic elements and components),that are leaching from soluble arrangement of rocks,sediments and soil by surface water at the infiltration time,toward the groundwater.For completion this research I used two categories of water analysis;one is areal analysis,and another is laboratory analysis.In areal analysis ten wells have been recovered by this research in Jabal Sarage and Charikar Distracts,a number of Electro-Conductivity,water temperature,dissolved oxygen in water,Total Dissolved Soled(TDS)and the Resolved Salt in Water(SSW),determination Partible ground at areal complete.For laboratory works I used chemical device of Spectra-photo model.From comparing mean of chemical and physical parameters with standards.pH,K,Na,Mg,Cl,Fe,F,TH,Ca and SO_(4) all are normal and we can use them for drinking and irrigation waters.The challenges that I faced during this research are;absence of research in this area and lack of geological equipment’s.
文摘[目的]探究不同灌溉方式和灌水量对土壤水盐变化规律及燕麦生长特征的影响,为提高盐碱地作物的生产效能和土壤水分管理提供科学参考。[方法]采用盆栽试验,设置3种灌溉方式:常规灌溉、固定单侧灌溉(fixed unilateral root zone irrigation,FURI)、交替灌溉(alternative partial root zone irrigation,APRI),3组灌水量:W_1(60%θ_f~70%θ_f,θ_f为田间持水率),W_2(70%θ_f~80%θ_f)和W_3(80%θ_f~90%θ_f),以常规灌溉作为对照,共9组交互处理。[结果](1)不同灌溉方式下,土壤各层含水率变化趋势基本一致,随灌水量增加洗盐效果越显著,常规灌溉的深层含水率总体高于其他两种灌溉方式。(2)燕麦株高、叶绿素相对含量(relative chlorophyll content of leaves,SPAD)、品质随灌水量的增加而上升,与常规灌溉相比,W_2灌溉水平下,分根交替灌溉处理的粗脂肪,粗蛋白,β-葡聚糖含量分别增加7.02%,3.76%,6.06%,但降低了燕麦叶片的SPAD值,影响其光合能力。(3)随着燕麦生育期的推进,土壤盐分均呈现不同程度的累积,分根交替灌溉的积盐率最低,同时对燕麦根系生长、水分利用效率及产量影响显著,其中根系总长、根系总表面积、根系总体积较相同灌水量(W_2)的常规灌溉分别增加6.75%,6.92%,12.5%,水分利用效率提高17.32%。[结论]采用分根交替灌溉方式下的中等灌水量(W_2)有利于提高燕麦的生产效能,对盐分累积的控制效果较好。
