The paper selected Chinese Cruise Line as the case study. Having based on the survey data of Chinese cruise tourism consumers, the factor analysis method, one-way analysis of variances method, cluster analysis method,...The paper selected Chinese Cruise Line as the case study. Having based on the survey data of Chinese cruise tourism consumers, the factor analysis method, one-way analysis of variances method, cluster analysis method, and other quantitative and qualitative methods were taken to analyze Chinese consumers’ satisfaction differences of cruise tourism service quality with different segmentation markets and clusters markets, and the reasons of satisfaction differences were also explored. Then precision marketing strategy of Chinese cruise tourism with different segmentation markets and clusters markets from the supply-side reform perspective was discussed. The purpose of current research was to provide suggestions of precision management and precision marketing of Chinese cruise tourism for relevant enterprises and government departments.展开更多
Cloud computing facilitates the great potentiality of storing and managing remote access to services in terms of software as a service(SaaS).Several organizations have moved towards outsourcing over the cloud to reduc...Cloud computing facilitates the great potentiality of storing and managing remote access to services in terms of software as a service(SaaS).Several organizations have moved towards outsourcing over the cloud to reduce the burden on local resources.In this context,the metaheuristic optimization method is determined to be highly suitable for selecting appropriate services that comply with the requirements of the client’s requests,as the services stored over the cloud are too complex and scalable.To achieve better service composition,the parameters of Quality of Service(QoS)related to each service considered to be the best resource need to be selected and optimized for attaining potential services over the cloud.Thus,the cloud service composition needs to concentrate on the selection and integration of services over the cloud to satisfy the client’s requests.In this paper,a Hybrid Chameleon and Honey Badger Optimization Algorithm(HCHBOA)-based cloud service composition scheme is presented for achieving efficient services with satisfying the requirements ofQoS over the cloud.This proposed HCHBOA integrated the merits of the Chameleon Search Algorithm(CSA)and Honey Badger Optimization Algorithm(HBOA)for balancing the tradeoff between the rate of exploration and exploitation.It specifically used HBOA for tuning the parameters of CSA automatically so that CSA could adapt its performance depending on its incorporated tuning factors.The experimental results of the proposed HCHBOA with experimental datasets exhibited its predominance by improving the response time by 21.38%,availability by 20.93%and reliability by 19.31%with a minimized execution time of 23.18%,compared to the baseline cloud service composition schemes used for investigation.展开更多
In a cloud manufacturing environment with abundant functionally equivalent cloud services,users naturally desire the highest-quality service(s).Thus,a comprehensive measurement of quality of service(QoS)is needed.Opti...In a cloud manufacturing environment with abundant functionally equivalent cloud services,users naturally desire the highest-quality service(s).Thus,a comprehensive measurement of quality of service(QoS)is needed.Opti-mizing the plethora of cloud services has thus become a top priority.Cloud ser-vice optimization is negatively affected by untrusted QoS data,which are inevitably provided by some users.To resolve these problems,this paper proposes a QoS-aware cloud service optimization model and establishes QoS-information awareness and quantification mechanisms.Untrusted data are assessed by an information correction method.The weights discovered by the variable precision Rough Set,which mined the evaluation indicators from historical data,providing a comprehensive performance ranking of service quality.The manufacturing cloud service optimization algorithm thus provides a quantitative reference for service selection.In experimental simulations,this method recommended the optimal services that met users’needs,and effectively reduced the impact of dis-honest users on the selection results.展开更多
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are required to provide different levels of Quality of Services (QoS) based on the type of applications. Providing QoS support in wireless sensor networks is an emerging area of researc...Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are required to provide different levels of Quality of Services (QoS) based on the type of applications. Providing QoS support in wireless sensor networks is an emerging area of research. Due to resource constraints like processing power, memory, bandwidth and power sources in sensor networks, QoS support in WSNs is a challenging task. In this paper, we discuss the QoS requirements in WSNs and present a survey of some of the QoS aware routing techniques in WSNs. We also explore the middleware approaches for QoS support in WSNs and finally, highlight some open issues and future direction of research for providing QoS in WSNs.展开更多
Web Service是目前研究界和产业界广泛关注的技术之一.随着Web Service的广泛应用,研究者们普遍认识到,服务的非功能属性,即服务质量(Quality of Service,QoS)是面向服务的应用能否成功的关键因素之一.因此,研究者们尝试从多个角度对Qo...Web Service是目前研究界和产业界广泛关注的技术之一.随着Web Service的广泛应用,研究者们普遍认识到,服务的非功能属性,即服务质量(Quality of Service,QoS)是面向服务的应用能否成功的关键因素之一.因此,研究者们尝试从多个角度对QoS相关问题展开了研究.然而,现有工作普遍关注基于QoS的动态服务选择和组装等上层应用技术,而对于如何获取、存储、度量QoS等基础支持技术研究较少,而这些基础性工作对QoS相关的研究工作具有显著的重要性.此外,不同应用领域对Web Service QoS的需求不尽相同,因此,需要有一套灵活的机制支持在QoS模型定义、QoS度量方法、QoS信息采集等方面体现出的领域特性.针对这个问题,文中提出了一个可扩展的Web Service QoS信息管理框架,详细分析了该框架涉及到的重要方法与核心技术,并给出了该框架在北京大学软件构件库系统中的设计决策和方案.最后,介绍了文中框架在一个863计划项目中的应用实例,该实例展示了用户根据其应用的领域需求对本框架进行扩展并进行Web Service QoS管理的方法,从而验证了本管理框架的可扩展性及实用性.展开更多
软件定义网络可以搭载灵活的流调度策略来提升网络服务系统的服务质量,但随着业务流量复杂度的提升,现有的流调度算法会因场景匹配度的下降而导致性能受到影响。为此提出一种基于深度强化学习的智能路由策略。该策略通过软件定义网络收...软件定义网络可以搭载灵活的流调度策略来提升网络服务系统的服务质量,但随着业务流量复杂度的提升,现有的流调度算法会因场景匹配度的下降而导致性能受到影响。为此提出一种基于深度强化学习的智能路由策略。该策略通过软件定义网络收集各链路信息,基于长短期记忆网络与近端策略优化算法实现特征提取与状态感知,最终决策生成符合业务场景下服务质量(quality of service,QoS)目标的动态流量调度策略,并实现QoS最大化。实验结果表明,所提的方案与现有的路由策略相比可以使整套系统QoS指标提升7.06%,有效地提升了业务系统的吞吐率。展开更多
The Keriya River Basin is located in an extremely arid climate zone on the southern edge of the Tarim Basin of Northwest China,exhibiting typical mountain-oasis-desert distribution characteristics.In recent decades,cl...The Keriya River Basin is located in an extremely arid climate zone on the southern edge of the Tarim Basin of Northwest China,exhibiting typical mountain-oasis-desert distribution characteristics.In recent decades,climate change and human activities have exerted significant impacts on the service functions of watershed ecosystems.However,the trade-offs and synergies between ecosystem services(ESs)have not been thoroughly examined.This study aims to reveal the spatiotemporal changes in ESs within the Keriya River Basin from 1995 to 2020 as well as the trade-offs and synergies between ESs.Leveraging the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs(InVEST)and Revised Wind Erosion Equation(RWEQ)using land use/land cover(LULC),climate,vegetation,soil,and hydrological data,we quantified the spatiotemporal changes in the five principal ESs(carbon storage,water yield,food production,wind and sand prevention,and habitat quality)of the watershed from 1995 to 2020.Spearman correlation coefficients were used to analyze the trade-offs and synergies between ES pairs.The findings reveal that water yield,carbon storage,and habitat quality exhibited relatively high levels in the upstream,while food production and wind and sand prevention dominated the midstream and downstream,respectively.Furthermore,carbon storage,food production,wind and sand prevention,and habitat quality demonstrated an increase at the watershed scale while water yield exhibited a decline from 1995 to 2020.Specifically,carbon storage,wind and sand prevention,and habitat quality presented an upward trend in the upstream but downward trend in the midstream and downstream.Food production in the midstream showed a continuously increasing trend during the study period.Trade-off relationships were identified between water yield and wind and sand prevention,water yield and carbon storage,food production and water yield,and habitat quality and wind and sand prevention.Prominent temporal and spatial synergistic relationships were observed between different ESs,notably between carbon storage and habitat quality,carbon storage and food production,food production and wind and sand prevention,and food production and habitat quality.Water resources emerged as a decisive factor for the sustainable development of the basin,thus highlighting the intricate trade-offs and synergies between water yield and the other four services,particularly the relationship with food production,which warrants further attention.This research is of great significance for the protection and sustainable development of river basins in arid areas.展开更多
Studying the spatiotemporal variations in ecosystem services and their interrelationships on the Loess Plateau against the background of the gully control and land consolidation(GCLC)project has significant implicatio...Studying the spatiotemporal variations in ecosystem services and their interrelationships on the Loess Plateau against the background of the gully control and land consolidation(GCLC)project has significant implications for ecological protection and quality development of the Yellow River Basin.Therefore,in this study,we took Yan'an City,Shaanxi Province of China,as the study area,selected four typical ecosystem services,including soil conservation service,water yield service,carbon storage service,and habitat quality service,and quantitatively evaluated the spatiotemporal variation characteristics and trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services from 2010 to 2018 using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs(InVEST)model.We also analysed the relationship between the GCLC project and regional ecosystem service changes in various regions(including 1 city,2 districts,and 10 counties)of Yan'an City and proposed a coordinated development strategy between the GCLC project and the ecological environment.The results showed that,from 2010 to 2018,soil conservation service decreased by 7.76%,while the other three ecosystem services changed relatively little,with water yield service increasing by 0.56% and carbon storage service and habitat quality service decreasing by 0.16% and 0.14%,respectively.The ecological environment of Yan'an City developed in a balanced way between 2010 and 2018,and the four ecosystem services showed synergistic relationships,among which the synergistic relationships between soil conservation service and water yield service and between carbon storage service and habitat quality service were significant.The GCLC project had a negative impact on the ecosystem services of Yan'an City,and the impact on carbon storage service was more significant.This study provides a theoretical basis for the scientific evaluation of the ecological benefits of the GCLC project and the realization of a win-win situation between food security and ecological security.展开更多
Introduction: Cancer is a chronic debilitating disease that unnerves patients, communities, and nations. At some point in cancer patient’s disease experience, chemotherapy is used, and the patient is expected to adhe...Introduction: Cancer is a chronic debilitating disease that unnerves patients, communities, and nations. At some point in cancer patient’s disease experience, chemotherapy is used, and the patient is expected to adhere to treatment to improve survival and quality of life. Methods: This multisite Cluster Randomized Trial (CRT) evaluated the effectiveness of mobile phone Short Message Service (SMS) support on the adherence to treatment schedules among adult cancer patients in Kenya. Data was collected using questionnaires. Ethical approvals were obtained from relevant Ethical Review Boards (ERBs). Results: The mean adherence was 83%. There was a significant difference between treatment arms in relation to the adherence. The intervention arm had a higher mean adherence difference, M = 3.913, 95% CI 2.632-5.193, t (402) = 6.006, p ≤ 0.001), with Cohen’s d = 0.60. Although not significant, (χ<sup>2</sup>dd = 0.151, df = 1, p = 2.064), more women were perfect adheres than males. Perfect adherers were satisfied with SMS support (χ<sup>2</sup>dd = 7.620, df = 1, p = 0.06), were in the intervention arm (χ<sup>2</sup>dd = 22.942, df = 1, p ≤ 0.001), and had trust in the care provider (χ<sup>2</sup>dd = 10.591 p ≤ 0.001). SMS support was not significant in the multivariate analysis but had an estimated effect size of 0.958 (z = 1.424, p = 0.154, CI = 0.242-3.781), indicating that mean adherence was slightly better in the presence of the intervention. Conclusions: SMS-support intervention has demonstrated superiority in influencing adherence. Further, health system-related factors have a significant influence on the adherence to chemotherapy treatment. Interventions to re-design health systems that are responsive to unmet care needs of cancer patients must be explored. .展开更多
In recent years,various internet architectures,such as Integrated Services(IntServ),Differentiated Services(DiffServ),Time Sensitive Networking(TSN)and Deterministic Networking(DetNet),have been proposed to meet the q...In recent years,various internet architectures,such as Integrated Services(IntServ),Differentiated Services(DiffServ),Time Sensitive Networking(TSN)and Deterministic Networking(DetNet),have been proposed to meet the quality-of-service(QoS)requirements of different network services.Concurrently,network calculus has found widespread application in network modeling and QoS analysis.Network calculus abstracts the details of how nodes or networks process data packets using the concept of service curves.This paper summarizes the service curves for typical scheduling algorithms,including Strict Priority(SP),Round Robin(RR),Cycling Queuing and Forwarding(CQF),Time Aware Shaper(TAS),Credit Based Shaper(CBS),and Asynchronous Traffic Shaper(ATS).It introduces the theory of network calculus and then provides an overview of various scheduling algorithms and their associated service curves.The delay bound analysis for different scheduling algorithms in specific scenarios is also conducted for more insights.展开更多
Nature reserves play a significant role in providing ecosystem services and are key sites for biodiversity conservation.The Tianchi Bogda Peak Natural Reserve(TBPNR),located in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China,i...Nature reserves play a significant role in providing ecosystem services and are key sites for biodiversity conservation.The Tianchi Bogda Peak Natural Reserve(TBPNR),located in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China,is an important ecological barrier area in the temperate arid zone.The evaluation of its important ecosystem services is of great significance to improve the management level and ecological protection efficiency of the reserve.In the present study,we assessed the spatiotemporal variations of four ecosystem services(including net primary productivity(NPP),water yield,soil conservation,and habitat quality)in the TBPNR from 2000 to 2020 based on the environmental and social data using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs(InVEST)model.In addition,the coldspot and hotspot areas of ecosystem services were identified by hotspot analysis,and the trade-off and synergistic relationships between ecosystem services were analyzed using factor analysis in a geographic detector.During the study period,NPP and soil conservation values in the reserve increased by 48.20%and 25.56%,respectively;conversely,water yield decreased by 16.56%,and there was no significant change in habitat quality.Spatially,both NPP and habitat quality values were higher in the northern part and lower in the southern part,whereas water yield showed an opposite trend.Correlation analysis revealed that NPP showed a synergistic relationship with habitat quality and soil conservation,and exhibited a trade-off relationship with water yield.Water yield and habitat quality also had a trade-off relationship.NPP and habitat quality were affected by annual average temperature and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI),respectively,while water yield and soil conservation were more affected by digital elevation model(DEM).Therefore,attention should be paid to the spatial distribution and dynamics of trade-off and synergistic relationships between ecosystem services in future ecological management.The findings of the present study provide a reference that could facilitate the sustainable utilization of ecosystem services in the typical fragile areas of Northwest China.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(72074053).
文摘The paper selected Chinese Cruise Line as the case study. Having based on the survey data of Chinese cruise tourism consumers, the factor analysis method, one-way analysis of variances method, cluster analysis method, and other quantitative and qualitative methods were taken to analyze Chinese consumers’ satisfaction differences of cruise tourism service quality with different segmentation markets and clusters markets, and the reasons of satisfaction differences were also explored. Then precision marketing strategy of Chinese cruise tourism with different segmentation markets and clusters markets from the supply-side reform perspective was discussed. The purpose of current research was to provide suggestions of precision management and precision marketing of Chinese cruise tourism for relevant enterprises and government departments.
文摘Cloud computing facilitates the great potentiality of storing and managing remote access to services in terms of software as a service(SaaS).Several organizations have moved towards outsourcing over the cloud to reduce the burden on local resources.In this context,the metaheuristic optimization method is determined to be highly suitable for selecting appropriate services that comply with the requirements of the client’s requests,as the services stored over the cloud are too complex and scalable.To achieve better service composition,the parameters of Quality of Service(QoS)related to each service considered to be the best resource need to be selected and optimized for attaining potential services over the cloud.Thus,the cloud service composition needs to concentrate on the selection and integration of services over the cloud to satisfy the client’s requests.In this paper,a Hybrid Chameleon and Honey Badger Optimization Algorithm(HCHBOA)-based cloud service composition scheme is presented for achieving efficient services with satisfying the requirements ofQoS over the cloud.This proposed HCHBOA integrated the merits of the Chameleon Search Algorithm(CSA)and Honey Badger Optimization Algorithm(HBOA)for balancing the tradeoff between the rate of exploration and exploitation.It specifically used HBOA for tuning the parameters of CSA automatically so that CSA could adapt its performance depending on its incorporated tuning factors.The experimental results of the proposed HCHBOA with experimental datasets exhibited its predominance by improving the response time by 21.38%,availability by 20.93%and reliability by 19.31%with a minimized execution time of 23.18%,compared to the baseline cloud service composition schemes used for investigation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation,China (Grant No:61602413,Jianwei Zheng,https://www.nsfc.gov.cn)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (Grant No:LY15E050007,Wenlong Ma,http://zjnsf.kjt.zj.gov.cn/portal/index.html).
文摘In a cloud manufacturing environment with abundant functionally equivalent cloud services,users naturally desire the highest-quality service(s).Thus,a comprehensive measurement of quality of service(QoS)is needed.Opti-mizing the plethora of cloud services has thus become a top priority.Cloud ser-vice optimization is negatively affected by untrusted QoS data,which are inevitably provided by some users.To resolve these problems,this paper proposes a QoS-aware cloud service optimization model and establishes QoS-information awareness and quantification mechanisms.Untrusted data are assessed by an information correction method.The weights discovered by the variable precision Rough Set,which mined the evaluation indicators from historical data,providing a comprehensive performance ranking of service quality.The manufacturing cloud service optimization algorithm thus provides a quantitative reference for service selection.In experimental simulations,this method recommended the optimal services that met users’needs,and effectively reduced the impact of dis-honest users on the selection results.
文摘Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are required to provide different levels of Quality of Services (QoS) based on the type of applications. Providing QoS support in wireless sensor networks is an emerging area of research. Due to resource constraints like processing power, memory, bandwidth and power sources in sensor networks, QoS support in WSNs is a challenging task. In this paper, we discuss the QoS requirements in WSNs and present a survey of some of the QoS aware routing techniques in WSNs. We also explore the middleware approaches for QoS support in WSNs and finally, highlight some open issues and future direction of research for providing QoS in WSNs.
文摘通过网络提供服务的Web Service的服务质量会随着网络环境、服务器负载等因素的变化而变化,如何更好地帮助用户选择在未来一段时间内符合服务质量需求的Web Service,是目前服务计算领域中需要解决的关键问题之一。针对上述问题,提出了一种基于时间序列分析的Web Service QoS预测方法,并实现了相应的Web Service QoS自动预测工具。该工具能够根据Web Service的历史QoS数据,有效地预测未来短期内的QoS信息。以17832个Web Service的历史数据为基础,设计了相关实验,并验证了方法的有效性。
文摘Web Service是目前研究界和产业界广泛关注的技术之一.随着Web Service的广泛应用,研究者们普遍认识到,服务的非功能属性,即服务质量(Quality of Service,QoS)是面向服务的应用能否成功的关键因素之一.因此,研究者们尝试从多个角度对QoS相关问题展开了研究.然而,现有工作普遍关注基于QoS的动态服务选择和组装等上层应用技术,而对于如何获取、存储、度量QoS等基础支持技术研究较少,而这些基础性工作对QoS相关的研究工作具有显著的重要性.此外,不同应用领域对Web Service QoS的需求不尽相同,因此,需要有一套灵活的机制支持在QoS模型定义、QoS度量方法、QoS信息采集等方面体现出的领域特性.针对这个问题,文中提出了一个可扩展的Web Service QoS信息管理框架,详细分析了该框架涉及到的重要方法与核心技术,并给出了该框架在北京大学软件构件库系统中的设计决策和方案.最后,介绍了文中框架在一个863计划项目中的应用实例,该实例展示了用户根据其应用的领域需求对本框架进行扩展并进行Web Service QoS管理的方法,从而验证了本管理框架的可扩展性及实用性.
文摘软件定义网络可以搭载灵活的流调度策略来提升网络服务系统的服务质量,但随着业务流量复杂度的提升,现有的流调度算法会因场景匹配度的下降而导致性能受到影响。为此提出一种基于深度强化学习的智能路由策略。该策略通过软件定义网络收集各链路信息,基于长短期记忆网络与近端策略优化算法实现特征提取与状态感知,最终决策生成符合业务场景下服务质量(quality of service,QoS)目标的动态流量调度策略,并实现QoS最大化。实验结果表明,所提的方案与现有的路由策略相比可以使整套系统QoS指标提升7.06%,有效地提升了业务系统的吞吐率。
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022D01C77)the PhD Programs Foundation of Xinjiang University(BS202105).
文摘The Keriya River Basin is located in an extremely arid climate zone on the southern edge of the Tarim Basin of Northwest China,exhibiting typical mountain-oasis-desert distribution characteristics.In recent decades,climate change and human activities have exerted significant impacts on the service functions of watershed ecosystems.However,the trade-offs and synergies between ecosystem services(ESs)have not been thoroughly examined.This study aims to reveal the spatiotemporal changes in ESs within the Keriya River Basin from 1995 to 2020 as well as the trade-offs and synergies between ESs.Leveraging the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs(InVEST)and Revised Wind Erosion Equation(RWEQ)using land use/land cover(LULC),climate,vegetation,soil,and hydrological data,we quantified the spatiotemporal changes in the five principal ESs(carbon storage,water yield,food production,wind and sand prevention,and habitat quality)of the watershed from 1995 to 2020.Spearman correlation coefficients were used to analyze the trade-offs and synergies between ES pairs.The findings reveal that water yield,carbon storage,and habitat quality exhibited relatively high levels in the upstream,while food production and wind and sand prevention dominated the midstream and downstream,respectively.Furthermore,carbon storage,food production,wind and sand prevention,and habitat quality demonstrated an increase at the watershed scale while water yield exhibited a decline from 1995 to 2020.Specifically,carbon storage,wind and sand prevention,and habitat quality presented an upward trend in the upstream but downward trend in the midstream and downstream.Food production in the midstream showed a continuously increasing trend during the study period.Trade-off relationships were identified between water yield and wind and sand prevention,water yield and carbon storage,food production and water yield,and habitat quality and wind and sand prevention.Prominent temporal and spatial synergistic relationships were observed between different ESs,notably between carbon storage and habitat quality,carbon storage and food production,food production and wind and sand prevention,and food production and habitat quality.Water resources emerged as a decisive factor for the sustainable development of the basin,thus highlighting the intricate trade-offs and synergies between water yield and the other four services,particularly the relationship with food production,which warrants further attention.This research is of great significance for the protection and sustainable development of river basins in arid areas.
基金supported by the Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi Province,China(2023-CX-RKX-102)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province,China(2022FP-34)+1 种基金the Open Foundation of the Key Laboratory of Natural Resource Coupling Process and Effects(2023KFKTB008)the Open Fund of Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation,China(300102352502).
文摘Studying the spatiotemporal variations in ecosystem services and their interrelationships on the Loess Plateau against the background of the gully control and land consolidation(GCLC)project has significant implications for ecological protection and quality development of the Yellow River Basin.Therefore,in this study,we took Yan'an City,Shaanxi Province of China,as the study area,selected four typical ecosystem services,including soil conservation service,water yield service,carbon storage service,and habitat quality service,and quantitatively evaluated the spatiotemporal variation characteristics and trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services from 2010 to 2018 using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs(InVEST)model.We also analysed the relationship between the GCLC project and regional ecosystem service changes in various regions(including 1 city,2 districts,and 10 counties)of Yan'an City and proposed a coordinated development strategy between the GCLC project and the ecological environment.The results showed that,from 2010 to 2018,soil conservation service decreased by 7.76%,while the other three ecosystem services changed relatively little,with water yield service increasing by 0.56% and carbon storage service and habitat quality service decreasing by 0.16% and 0.14%,respectively.The ecological environment of Yan'an City developed in a balanced way between 2010 and 2018,and the four ecosystem services showed synergistic relationships,among which the synergistic relationships between soil conservation service and water yield service and between carbon storage service and habitat quality service were significant.The GCLC project had a negative impact on the ecosystem services of Yan'an City,and the impact on carbon storage service was more significant.This study provides a theoretical basis for the scientific evaluation of the ecological benefits of the GCLC project and the realization of a win-win situation between food security and ecological security.
文摘Introduction: Cancer is a chronic debilitating disease that unnerves patients, communities, and nations. At some point in cancer patient’s disease experience, chemotherapy is used, and the patient is expected to adhere to treatment to improve survival and quality of life. Methods: This multisite Cluster Randomized Trial (CRT) evaluated the effectiveness of mobile phone Short Message Service (SMS) support on the adherence to treatment schedules among adult cancer patients in Kenya. Data was collected using questionnaires. Ethical approvals were obtained from relevant Ethical Review Boards (ERBs). Results: The mean adherence was 83%. There was a significant difference between treatment arms in relation to the adherence. The intervention arm had a higher mean adherence difference, M = 3.913, 95% CI 2.632-5.193, t (402) = 6.006, p ≤ 0.001), with Cohen’s d = 0.60. Although not significant, (χ<sup>2</sup>dd = 0.151, df = 1, p = 2.064), more women were perfect adheres than males. Perfect adherers were satisfied with SMS support (χ<sup>2</sup>dd = 7.620, df = 1, p = 0.06), were in the intervention arm (χ<sup>2</sup>dd = 22.942, df = 1, p ≤ 0.001), and had trust in the care provider (χ<sup>2</sup>dd = 10.591 p ≤ 0.001). SMS support was not significant in the multivariate analysis but had an estimated effect size of 0.958 (z = 1.424, p = 0.154, CI = 0.242-3.781), indicating that mean adherence was slightly better in the presence of the intervention. Conclusions: SMS-support intervention has demonstrated superiority in influencing adherence. Further, health system-related factors have a significant influence on the adherence to chemotherapy treatment. Interventions to re-design health systems that are responsive to unmet care needs of cancer patients must be explored. .
基金supported by ZTE Industry-University-Institute Cooperation Funds。
文摘In recent years,various internet architectures,such as Integrated Services(IntServ),Differentiated Services(DiffServ),Time Sensitive Networking(TSN)and Deterministic Networking(DetNet),have been proposed to meet the quality-of-service(QoS)requirements of different network services.Concurrently,network calculus has found widespread application in network modeling and QoS analysis.Network calculus abstracts the details of how nodes or networks process data packets using the concept of service curves.This paper summarizes the service curves for typical scheduling algorithms,including Strict Priority(SP),Round Robin(RR),Cycling Queuing and Forwarding(CQF),Time Aware Shaper(TAS),Credit Based Shaper(CBS),and Asynchronous Traffic Shaper(ATS).It introduces the theory of network calculus and then provides an overview of various scheduling algorithms and their associated service curves.The delay bound analysis for different scheduling algorithms in specific scenarios is also conducted for more insights.
基金This research was funded by the Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Xinjiang's Historical and Cultural Tourism,Xinjiang University,China(LY2022-06)the Tianchi Talent Project.
文摘Nature reserves play a significant role in providing ecosystem services and are key sites for biodiversity conservation.The Tianchi Bogda Peak Natural Reserve(TBPNR),located in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China,is an important ecological barrier area in the temperate arid zone.The evaluation of its important ecosystem services is of great significance to improve the management level and ecological protection efficiency of the reserve.In the present study,we assessed the spatiotemporal variations of four ecosystem services(including net primary productivity(NPP),water yield,soil conservation,and habitat quality)in the TBPNR from 2000 to 2020 based on the environmental and social data using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs(InVEST)model.In addition,the coldspot and hotspot areas of ecosystem services were identified by hotspot analysis,and the trade-off and synergistic relationships between ecosystem services were analyzed using factor analysis in a geographic detector.During the study period,NPP and soil conservation values in the reserve increased by 48.20%and 25.56%,respectively;conversely,water yield decreased by 16.56%,and there was no significant change in habitat quality.Spatially,both NPP and habitat quality values were higher in the northern part and lower in the southern part,whereas water yield showed an opposite trend.Correlation analysis revealed that NPP showed a synergistic relationship with habitat quality and soil conservation,and exhibited a trade-off relationship with water yield.Water yield and habitat quality also had a trade-off relationship.NPP and habitat quality were affected by annual average temperature and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI),respectively,while water yield and soil conservation were more affected by digital elevation model(DEM).Therefore,attention should be paid to the spatial distribution and dynamics of trade-off and synergistic relationships between ecosystem services in future ecological management.The findings of the present study provide a reference that could facilitate the sustainable utilization of ecosystem services in the typical fragile areas of Northwest China.