China's Women Leaders Promote Quality and Equity in Family Planning

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Construction and Application of Combined Evaluation Model of Regional Water Quality Plan

[Objective] The aim was to study the construction and application of combined evaluation model of regional water quality plan. [Meth- od] By dint of layer analysis, subjective and objective model of entropy evaluation, the water quality plan in Jinghe was evaluated. Combined evalu- ation model based on information entropy were constructed, and considering the single model evaluation result, the optimal water quality plan was selected. [ Result] The combination weight result suggested that COD amount was the most essential indicator in water quality plan and embodied the importance of water environment protection, which met basic objective of environment protection and social, economic effects. Combined evalu- ation indicated that in the sixteen plans, plan 16 was of highest comprehensive evaluation value, and can be considered as optimum water quality plan. [ Conclusion] Combined evaluation model can effectively list the advantages of each evaluation model and improve the dependability of water quality plan, and provided a new research idea for the optimal evaluation of water pollution control plan.

Urban Air Quality Plans and Integrated Assessment Methodologies

The air quality directive （2008/50/EC （of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008）） requires European Member States to design appropriate AQPs （air quality plans） for zones and agglomerations where the air quality does not comply with the limit values and to assess possible emission reduction measures to decrease concentration levels. The Portuguese agglomeration of Porto Litoral is one of the several European Union urban areas that had to develop and implement AQPs to reduce particulate matter （PM10）. The AQPs were initially designed based on a scenario approach and using an air quality model, which was applied over the study region for the reference situation with the current PM10 emissions, and for a reduction scenario with PM10 emissions re-estimated considering the implementation of abatement measures. Aiming to cost-efficiently optimize Porto Litoral PM10 abatement measures, the assessment procedure was repeated using an optimization approach based on the RIAT ＋ （regional integrated assessment tool ＋）. Porto Litoral urban area＇s technical and non-technical measures were characterized （including associated costs） and, through the application of the air quality model to 20 emissions abatement scenarios, S-R （source-receptor） relationships were created. This paper comparatively describes the air quality plans designed to improve PM10 levels in the Porto Litoral agglomeration based on both the scenario analysis and the optimization approach.

Using a Coupled Air Quality Modeling System for the Development of an Air Quality Plan in Madrid (Spain): Source Apportionment and Analysis Evaluation of Mitigation Measures

In this contribution, we use a coupled air quality modelling system (AQM) as a tool to design and develop an air quality plan in Madrid. AQM has allowed us to obtain a preliminary evaluation of the effect of mitigation measures over regional and local air quality levels. To achieve these goals, we have prepared a sophisticated AQM, coupling the meteorological model WRF, the emission model AEMM, and the photochemical model CMAQ. AQM was evaluated using the whole modelling year 2010 working with high horizontal resolution, 3 km for the region of Madrid and 1km for urban metropolitan area of Madrid. Two different analyses have been realized: a source apportionment exercise following a zero-out methodology to obtain the contribution to the air quality levels of the different emission sector;and an evaluation of the main mitigation measures considered in the air quality plan using sensitivity analysis. The air quality plan was focused on the improvement of NO2 levels and AQM analyzed the effect of the mitigation measures during ten episodes of 2011 where NO2 or O3 levels were the highest of the year;so we analyzed the effect of the mitigation plan in worst conditions. Results provided by the AQM system show that it accomplishes the European Directive modelling uncertainty requirements and the mean absolute gross error for 1-h maximum daily NO2 is 31% over locations with higher levels of this atmospheric pollutant;the road traffic is the main contributor to the air quality levels providing a 81% for NO2, 67% for CO and 46% for PM10;measures defined in the plan achieve to reduce up to 11 μgm-3 NO2 levels offering highest reductions over urban areas with traffic influence.

China Stresses Private,Quality Investment in Northeast Revival Plan

A multibillion-dollar plan to boost Northeast China’s flagging economy will not just use state funds,but also use private capital to invest.The three-year revival plan is not wholly funded by the state and is not a government'blood transfusion',an official with

Evolution of process capability in a manufacturing process

Before mass production of individual components industries may assess its capability to produce it according to specifications.This capability assessment is a common requirement in the automotive sector.This work shows a case study,providing an in-depth analysis,on a critical component and finds evidence of process degradation over two years of production,quantified through capability analysis.At pre-production,it was concluded that the process was capable and,thus,no statistical process control was done during its production.Over the months no defective units were detected but then its level began to increase and it was apparent that process variability had increased and the process was no longer capable.Process improvement activities were developed using known quality tools and methodologies.This work shows how the control plan initially defined became obsolete and discusses the need to periodically review quality control mechanisms.