基于LVQ神经网络的青年女性胸部识别模型构建

为提高青年女性胸部形态分类的准确率,填补文胸号型分类体系存在的缺陷,结合青年女性胸部体型特征构建了一种基于LVQ神经网络的青年女性胸部识别模型。研究运用非接触式激光三维技术共采集216个青年女大学生胸部数据,将因子分析提取的9个胸部特征指标采用K-means聚类法,通过手肘图、轮廓系数图确定K值,最终将胸型分为4类。在此基础上构建LVQ神经网络胸型识别模型,以9项胸部特征指标为输入,4种胸型为输出,进行LVQ神经网络的训练。研究结果表明:模型经训练及测试后,识别精度达到95%,Kappa系数为0.932。与BP、PNN神经网络模型相比,在运算效率、模型精度和稳定性方面,LVQ神经网络模型的表现要明显优于其他两种神经网络。

In situ calibrated angle between the quantization axis and the propagating direction of the light field for trapping neutral atoms

The recently developed magic-intensity trapping technique of neutral atoms efficiently mitigates the detrimental effect of light shifts on atomic qubits and substantially enhances the coherence time. This technique relies on applying a bias magnetic field precisely parallel to the wave vector of a circularly polarized trapping laser field. However, due to the presence of the vector light shift experienced by the trapped atoms, it is challenging to precisely define a parallel magnetic field, especially at a low bias magnetic field strength, for the magic-intensity trapping of85Rb qubits. In this work, we present a method to calibrate the angle between the bias magnetic field and the trapping laser field with the compensating magnetic fields in the other two directions orthogonal to the bias magnetic field direction. Experimentally, with a constantdepth trap and a fixed bias magnetic field, we measure the respective resonant frequencies of the atomic qubits in a linearly polarized trap and a circularly polarized one via the conventional microwave Rabi spectra with different compensating magnetic fields and obtain the corresponding total magnetic fields via the respective resonant frequencies using the Breit–Rabi formula. With known total magnetic fields, the angle is a function of the other two compensating magnetic fields.Finally, the projection value of the angle on either of the directions orthogonal to the bias magnetic field direction can be reduced to 0(4)° by applying specific compensating magnetic fields. The measurement error is mainly attributed to the fluctuation of atomic temperature. Moreover, it also demonstrates that, even for a small angle, the effect is strong enough to cause large decoherence of Rabi oscillation in a magic-intensity trap. Although the compensation method demonstrated here is explored for the magic-intensity trapping technique, it can be applied to a variety of similar precision measurements with trapped neutral atoms.

Activation Redistribution Based Hybrid Asymmetric Quantization Method of Neural Networks

The demand for adopting neural networks in resource-constrained embedded devices is continuously increasing.Quantization is one of the most promising solutions to reduce computational cost and memory storage on embedded devices.In order to reduce the complexity and overhead of deploying neural networks on Integeronly hardware,most current quantization methods use a symmetric quantization mapping strategy to quantize a floating-point neural network into an integer network.However,although symmetric quantization has the advantage of easier implementation,it is sub-optimal for cases where the range could be skewed and not symmetric.This often comes at the cost of lower accuracy.This paper proposed an activation redistribution-based hybrid asymmetric quantizationmethod for neural networks.The proposedmethod takes data distribution into consideration and can resolve the contradiction between the quantization accuracy and the ease of implementation,balance the trade-off between clipping range and quantization resolution,and thus improve the accuracy of the quantized neural network.The experimental results indicate that the accuracy of the proposed method is 2.02%and 5.52%higher than the traditional symmetric quantization method for classification and detection tasks,respectively.The proposed method paves the way for computationally intensive neural network models to be deployed on devices with limited computing resources.Codes will be available on https://github.com/ycjcy/Hybrid-Asymmetric-Quantization.

基于LVQ神经网络的电力网络智能风险预警方法

针对现有电力网络风险预警方法在实际应用中,存在无法找出全部异常数据,无法实现对电力网络安全的准确判别问题,引入LVQ神经网络,开展对电力网络智能风险预警方法的设计研究。从多个来源采集电力网络运行数据,并对其处理。利用LVQ神经网络,实现对异常数据的排查和定级。最后,应用全业务合规管理监控,实现对电力网络风险的智能化预警和对预警结果的可视化展现。通过对比实验证明,新的预警方法可以实现对电力网络中异常数据的全部查出,促进电力网络运行安全性提升。

基于相空间重构与GSA-LVQ的有载调压变压器分接开关机械故障诊断

针对有载调压变压器分接开关机械故障诊断准确率不高以及潜在机械故障不能及时被发现的问题,提出了一种基于互补集合经验模态分解(CEEMD)、相空间重构结合万有引力搜索法(GSA)改进学习矢量量化神经网络(LVQ)的有载分接开关机械故障诊断新方法。采用CEEMD对振动信号进行时频域分解,然后通过C-C算法确定延迟时间和嵌入维数,对反映不同频率特征的固有模态函数(IMF)进行相空间重构,并提取反映混沌特征的两个特征量李雅普诺夫指数和关联维数构成特征向量。利用GSA优化LVQ,解决网络对初始连接权值敏感的问题,增强网络对有载分接开关机械故障分类识别性能。通过对有载分接开关机械状态的实验分析,证明了相空间重构结合GSA-LVQ算法的可行性和有效性。

基于LVQ神经网络的雷达杂波抑制方法

针对雷达目标检测后的剩余杂波影响雷达航迹起始和航迹跟踪的问题,提出基于学习向量量化(learning vector quantization,LVQ)神经网络的雷达杂波抑制方法。从雷达回波点迹的特征入手,通过分析目标点迹和杂波点迹的特征分布,通过人工提取特征的方式选取具有差异化的特征。根据特征数量和点迹类别数量构建LVQ神经网络分类模型,并对模型进行训练。利用训练好的LVQ神经网络分类模型对雷达回波点迹进行分类,区分目标点迹和杂波点迹,保留判别为目标的点迹,滤除判别为杂波的点迹,从而实现杂波抑制功能。通过对某型航管雷达的实测数据进行测试表明:该方法能够有效区分目标点迹和杂波点迹,杂波抑制能力比BP神经网络算法更好。

Finite-time H_(∞) filtering for Markov jump systems with uniform quantization

This paper is concerned with finite-time H_(∞) filtering for Markov jump systems with uniform quantization. The objective is to design quantized mode-dependent filters to ensure that the filtering error system is not only mean-square finite-time bounded but also has a prescribed finite-time H_(∞) performance. First, the case where the switching modes of the filter align with those of the MJS is considered. A numerically tractable filter design approach is proposed utilizing a mode-dependent Lyapunov function, Schur’s complement, and Dynkin’s formula. Then, the study is extended to a scenario where the switching modes of the filter can differ from those of the MJS. To address this situation, a mode-mismatched filter design approach is developed by leveraging a hidden Markov model to describe the asynchronous mode switching and the double expectation formula. Finally, a spring system model subject to a Markov chain is employed to validate the effectiveness of the quantized filter design approaches.

Quantization of Time Independent Damping Systems Using WKB Approximation

In this work time independent damping systems are studied using Lagrangian and Hamiltonian for time independent damping, which are present through the factor eλq. The Hamilton Jacobi equation is formulated to find the Hamilton Jacobi function S using separation of variables technique. We can form this function in compact form of two parts the first part as a function of coordinate q, and the second part as a function of time t. Finally, we find the ability of these systems to quantize through an illustrative example.

Path Integral Quantization of Non-Natural Lagrangian

Path integral technique is discussed using Hamilton Jacobi method. The Hamilton Jacobi function of non-natural Lagrangian is obtained using separation of variables method. This function makes an important role in path integral quantization. The path integral is obtained as integration over the canonical phase space coordinates, which contains the generalized coordinate q and the generalized momentum p. One illustrative example is considered to explain the application of our formalism.

UCAV situation assessment method based on C-LSHADE-Means and SAE-LVQ

The unmanned combat aerial vehicle(UCAV)is a research hot issue in the world,and the situation assessment is an important part of it.To overcome shortcomings of the existing situation assessment methods,such as low accuracy and strong dependence on prior knowledge,a datadriven situation assessment method is proposed.The clustering and classification are combined,the former is used to mine situational knowledge,and the latter is used to realize rapid assessment.Angle evaluation factor and distance evaluation factor are proposed to transform multi-dimensional air combat information into two-dimensional features.A convolution success-history based adaptive differential evolution with linear population size reduc-tion-means(C-LSHADE-Means)algorithm is proposed.The convolutional pooling layer is used to compress the size of data and preserve the distribution characteristics.The LSHADE algorithm is used to initialize the center of the mean clustering,which over-comes the defect of initialization sensitivity.Comparing experi-ment with the seven clustering algorithms is done on the UCI data set,through four clustering indexes,and it proves that the method proposed in this paper has better clustering performance.A situation assessment model based on stacked autoen-coder and learning vector quantization(SAE-LVQ)network is constructed,and it uses SAE to reconstruct air combat data fea-tures,and uses the self-competition layer of the LVQ to achieve efficient classification.Compared with the five kinds of assess-ments models,the SAE-LVQ model has the highest accuracy.Finally,three kinds of confrontation processes from air combat maneuvering instrumentation(ACMI)are selected,and the model in this paper is used for situation assessment.The assessment results are in line with the actual situation.

DNA Computing with Water Strider Based Vector Quantization for Data Storage Systems

The exponential growth of data necessitates an effective data storage scheme,which helps to effectively manage the large quantity of data.To accomplish this,Deoxyribonucleic Acid(DNA)digital data storage process can be employed,which encodes and decodes binary data to and from synthesized strands of DNA.Vector quantization(VQ)is a commonly employed scheme for image compression and the optimal codebook generation is an effective process to reach maximum compression efficiency.This article introduces a newDNAComputingwithWater StriderAlgorithm based Vector Quantization(DNAC-WSAVQ)technique for Data Storage Systems.The proposed DNAC-WSAVQ technique enables encoding data using DNA computing and then compresses it for effective data storage.Besides,the DNAC-WSAVQ model initially performsDNA encoding on the input images to generate a binary encoded form.In addition,aWater Strider algorithm with Linde-Buzo-Gray(WSA-LBG)model is applied for the compression process and thereby storage area can be considerably minimized.In order to generate optimal codebook for LBG,the WSA is applied to it.The performance validation of the DNAC-WSAVQ model is carried out and the results are inspected under several measures.The comparative study highlighted the improved outcomes of the DNAC-WSAVQ model over the existing methods.

Metaheuristics with Vector Quantization Enabled Codebook Compression Model for Secure Industrial Embedded Environment

At the present time,the Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)has swiftly evolved and emerged,and picture data that is collected by terminal devices or IoT nodes are tied to the user's private data.The use of image sensors as an automa-tion tool for the IIoT is increasingly becoming more common.Due to the fact that this organisation transfers an enormous number of photographs at any one time,one of the most significant issues that it has is reducing the total quantity of data that is sent and,as a result,the available bandwidth,without compromising the image quality.Image compression in the sensor,on the other hand,expedites the transfer of data while simultaneously reducing bandwidth use.The traditional method of protecting sensitive data is rendered less effective in an environment dominated by IoT owing to the involvement of third parties.The image encryp-tion model provides a safe and adaptable method to protect the confidentiality of picture transformation and storage inside an IIoT system.This helps to ensure that image datasets are kept safe.The Linde–Buzo–Gray(LBG)methodology is an example of a vector quantization algorithm that is extensively used and a rela-tively new form of picture reduction known as vector quantization(VQ).As a result,the purpose of this research is to create an artificial humming bird optimi-zation approach that combines LBG-enabled codebook creation and encryption(AHBO-LBGCCE)for use in an IIoT setting.In the beginning,the AHBO-LBGCCE method used the LBG model in conjunction with the AHBO algorithm in order to construct the VQ.The Burrows-Wheeler Transform(BWT)model is used in order to accomplish codebook compression.In addition,the Blowfish algorithm is used in order to carry out the encryption procedure so that security may be attained.A comprehensive experimental investigation is carried out in order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in comparison to other algorithms.The experimental values ensure that the suggested approach and the outcomes are examined in a variety of different perspectives in order to further enhance them.

A Secure and Effective Energy-Aware Fixed-Point Quantization Scheme for Asynchronous Federated Learning

Asynchronous federated learning(AsynFL)can effectivelymitigate the impact of heterogeneity of edge nodes on joint training while satisfying participant user privacy protection and data security.However,the frequent exchange of massive data can lead to excess communication overhead between edge and central nodes regardless of whether the federated learning(FL)algorithm uses synchronous or asynchronous aggregation.Therefore,there is an urgent need for a method that can simultaneously take into account device heterogeneity and edge node energy consumption reduction.This paper proposes a novel Fixed-point Asynchronous Federated Learning(FixedAsynFL)algorithm,which could mitigate the resource consumption caused by frequent data communication while alleviating the effect of device heterogeneity.FixedAsynFL uses fixed-point quantization to compress the local and global models in AsynFL.In order to balance energy consumption and learning accuracy,this paper proposed a quantization scale selection mechanism.This paper examines the mathematical relationship between the quantization scale and energy consumption of the computation/communication process in the FixedAsynFL.Based on considering the upper bound of quantization noise,this paper optimizes the quantization scale by minimizing communication and computation consumption.This paper performs pertinent experiments on the MNIST dataset with several edge nodes of different computing efficiency.The results show that the FixedAsynFL algorithm with an 8-bit quantization can significantly reduce the communication data size by 81.3%and save the computation energy in the training phase by 74.9%without significant loss of accuracy.According to the experimental results,we can see that the proposed AsynFixedFL algorithm can effectively solve the problem of device heterogeneity and energy consumption limitation of edge nodes.

Photon Structure and Wave Function from the Vector Potential Quantization

A photon structure is advanced based on the experimental evidence and the vector potential quantization at a single photon level. It is shown that the photon is neither a point particle nor an infinite wave but behaves rather like a local “wave-corpuscle” extended over a wavelength, occupying a minimum quantization volume and guided by a non-local vector potential real wave function. The quantized vector potential oscillates over a wavelength with circular left or right polarization giving birth to orthogonal magnetic and electric fields whose amplitudes are proportional to the square of the frequency. The energy and momentum are carried by the local wave-corpuscle guided by the non-local vector potential wave function suitably normalized.

基于LVQ神经网络的特大城市非常规突发事件演化预测

以全球85个特大城市为例进行实验研究。实证结果表明,在多标签情景下使用LVQ神经网络预测非常规突发事件演变的次生灾害类型是有效的。该模型构造简单,能快速处理数据,有利于应急管理人员预测潜在的次生灾害,并及时向有关部门报告。

基于EEMD-LVQ的机电作动器故障诊断方法

针对传统基于集合经验模态分解算法在故障特征区分性和LVQ算法在训练效率和稳定性方面存在的问题,提出一种基于集合经验模态分解-学习矢量量化网络(Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition,Learning Vector Quantization,EEMD-LVQ)的机电作动器(Electro-mechanicalActuator,EMA)的故障诊断方法。首先,通过EEMD算法对信号进行分解并计算能量分布向量,并利用相关系数筛选特征实现降维,增强故障特征向量的区分性;然后,利用经过余弦衰减算法优化的LVQ神经网络对故障特征向量集进行训练和检测,从而获得诊断结果。实际EMA数据的试验验证和对比分析证明了提出的故障诊断方法可提高LVQ算法的训练效率,并且可以兼顾后期的稳定性。

带有状态/输入量化的无人船自适应模糊跟踪控制

针对海上通讯带宽受限情况下无人船的航迹跟踪控制问题,设计了一种带有状态量化和输入量化的自适应反馈跟踪控制方案。在保证有效跟踪的同时,减少执行器执行频次,降低控制幅度。首先,在不考虑量化情况下基于自适应反步法设计了系统跟踪控制律,并结合动态面技术有效降低了虚拟控制律的计算量膨胀问题。对于控制系统中存在的不确定项,利用模糊逻辑系统进行逼近。其次,采用均匀量化器分别对控制系统中的状态变量和输入变量进行量化,且量化后的状态反馈信息被用于无人船航迹跟踪控制器的设计。根据所得到的量化信息,给出了同时考虑状态量化和输入量化的无人船航迹跟踪控制律。在稳定性分析中,通过Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了在不考虑量化的情况下闭环控制系统的稳定性,并根据递归的方法证明了闭环控制系统中量化变量和非量化变量之间误差的有界性。基于给定的引理,最终证明了在同时考虑状态量化和输入量化的情况下,所设计的带有状态量化和输入量化的模糊自适应反馈跟踪控制系统的稳定性。最后,通过两组仿真实验验证了所提方案的实用性。即在同时考虑状态量化和输入量化的情况下,无人船仍能保持对理想轨迹良好的跟踪性能,并有效减轻了执行器的执行频次,更符合航海工程实践。

带有状态/输入量化的无人艇航向跟踪控制

[目的]针对水面无人艇(USV)的海上通信受限的问题,提出一种带有状态/输入量化的USV航向跟踪控制方法。[方法]基于反步法设计系统控制律,结合动态面技术降低虚拟控制律的计算量膨胀问题。对于控制系统中存在的不确定项及外界干扰,利用扩张状态观测器(ESO)进行估计。采用均匀量化器分别对控制系统中的状态变量和控制输入进行量化,且量化后的状态反馈信息仅用于跟踪控制。利用量化状态递归设计基于ESO的USV航向控制器,证明闭环控制系统中量化变量和非量化变量间误差的有界性。[结果]基于李雅普诺夫稳定性理论,提出了量化误差考量及闭环系统稳定性判定方法,严格证明了所设计的带有状态量化和输入量化的USV航向跟踪控制系统的稳定性,仿真实验验证了该控制策略的有效性。[结论]结果表明,所提方法可为USV航向跟踪控制提供借鉴。

含丢包和量化的网络控制系统随机鲁棒稳定

针对一类含有随机丢包和考虑信号量化情况下的网络控制系统,通过量化状态反馈控制方法,研究了系统的随机鲁棒稳定性问题。采用满足伯努利分布的随机变量对丢包过程进行建模;同时,采用对数量化器对传感器-控制器通道的信号进行量化,利用扇形界的方法将产生的量化误差描述为扇形界的不确定性。设计状态反馈控制器,结合所设计的量化器和随机丢包模型,利用Lyapunov函数和线性矩阵不等式方法得到系统稳定和鲁棒稳定的充分条件。最后,利用数值仿真实例验证了所提方法的有效性。

基于高倍过采样与加窗插值FFT的电力谐波分析

为提高谐波分析精度,分析了信号加窗引起的信噪比损失以及AD转换产生的量化误差,阐述了过采样技术提高信噪比的原理。在此基础上,提出了基于高倍过采样和加窗插值快速傅里叶变换(fast Fourier transform, FFT)的谐波分析方法。该方法充分利用AD转换器的潜力,以尽量高的采样速率进行AD采样,同时通过均值滤波避免高倍过采样引起的采样数据量激增问题。详细研究了所提谐波分析方法对信号中谐波分量幅值和相位的影响,并给出了简洁实用的谐波幅值和相位校正方法。仿真表明,所提方法可在不增加系统成本的前提下改善加窗插值FFT的抗噪声能力,提高谐波分析精度。