The quantum Kirchhoff equation and quantum current and energy spectrum of a homogeneous mesoscopic dissipation transmission line

On the basis of quantization of charge, the loop equations of quantum circuits are investigated by using the Helsenberg motion equation for a mesoscopic dissipation transmission line. On the supposition that the system has a symmetry under translation in charge space, the quantum current and the quantum energy spectrum in the mesoscopic transmission llne are given by solving their eigenvalue equations. Results show that the quantum current and the quantum energy spectrum are not only related to the parameters of the transmission llne, but also dependent on the quantized character of the charge obviously.

Electron transmission and quantum current distribution of C_(70) molecule

The characteristics of electron transmission through C70 molecule bridge in which two atomic chain leads are connected to long-axis carbon atoms are investigated theoretically by using tight-binding approach based on the Green's function with only one π orbital electron per carbon atom. Electron transmission through C70 molecule from the input to the output terminal is obtained. From the spectrum, the switching feature of the electron transmission through C70 is found, and the oscil-lation property based on the quantized level is explained. The quantum current distributions inside C70 molecule bridge are calculated and simulated by the quan-tum current density theory based on Fisher-Lee formula at the energy point E = -0.2 eV, where the transmission spectrum shows a peak. The maximum and the mini-mum bond quantum currents are presented, and the reason why the currents are distributed nonuniformly is explained by the phase difference of the atomic orbits. The result shows that the currents at each atomic site agree with Kirchhoff quan-tum current conservation law.

Photon-Assisted Heat Generation by Electric Current in a Quantum Dot Attached to Ferromagnetic Leads

Heat generated by electric current in a quantum dot device contacting a phonon bath is studied using the non- equilibrium Green function technique. Spin-polarized current is generated owing to the Zeeman splitting of the dot level. The current＇s strength and the spin polarization are further manipulated by changing the frequency of an applied photon field and the ferromagnetism on the leads. We find that the associated heat by this spin- polarized current emerges even if the bias voltage is smaller than the phonon energy quanta and obvious negative differential of the heat generation develops when the photon frequency exceeds that of the phonon. It is also found that both the strength and the resonant peaks＇ position of the heat generation can be tuned by changing the value and the arrangement configurations of the magnetic moments of the two leads, and then provides an effective method to generate large spin-polarized current with weak heat. Such a result may be useful in designing low energy consumption spintronic devices.

Photon-mediated spin-polarized current in a quantum dot under thermal bias

Spin-polarized current generated by thermal bias across a system composed of a quantum dot （QD） connected to metallic leads is studied in the presence of magnetic and photon fields. The current of a certain spin orientation vanishes when the dot level is aligned to the lead＇s chemical potential, resulting in a 100% spin-polarized current. The spin-resolved current also changes its sign at the two sides of the zero points. By tuning the system＇s parameters, spin-up and spin-down currents with equal strength may flow in opposite directions, which induces a pure spin current without the accompany of charge current. With the help of the thermal bias, both the strength and the direction of the spin-polarized current can be manipulated by tuning either the frequency or the intensity of the photon field, which is beyond the reach of the usual electric bias voltage.

Spin current and its heat effect in a multichannel quantum wire with Rashba spin-orbit coupling

Using the perturbation method, we theoretically study the spin current and its heat effect in a multichannel quantum wire with Rashba spin-orbit coupling. The heat generated by the spin current is calculated. With the increase of the width of the quantum wire, the spin current and the heat generated both exhibit period oscillations with equal amplitudes. When the quantum-channel number is doubled, the oscillation periods of the spin current and of the heat generated both decrease by a factor of 2. For the spin current js,xy, the amplitude increases with the decrease of the quantum channel; while the amplitude of the spin current js,yx remains the same. Therefore we conclude that the effect of the quantum-channel number on the spin current js,xy is greater than that on the spin current js,yx. The strength of the Rashba spin-orbit coupling is tunable by the gate voltage, and the gate voltage can be varied experimentally, which implies a new method of detecting the. spin current. In addition, we can control the amplitude and the oscillation period of the spin current by controlling the number of the quantum channels. All these characteristics of the spin current will be very important for detecting and controlling the spin current, and especially for designing new spintronic devices in the future.

Persistent Spin Current in a Hard-Wall Confining Quantum Wire with Weak Dresselhaus Spin-Orbit Coupling

我们理论上调查在有联合的弱 Dresselhaus 纺纱轨道的一根量电线中的电流连接了到二正常导体的旋转。量电线和售票员被一个难墙的限制潜力描述。用在量电线和旋转电流的一个新定义中的电子波浪功能，我们计算了线性旋转电流密度 j s ， x i T 和 j s ， yi T ( i = x ， y ，z)。我们发现元素 j T s ， x x 和 j T s ， yy 有反对称的关系和元素 j T s ， yz 作为 j s ， x x T 和 j s ， yy T 。我们也发现一张网线性旋转电流密度，它在量电线的中心有山峰。线性旋转电流能导致的网一个线性电场，它可以暗示旋转电流的一个方法察觉。

Spin-polarized current in double quantum dots

We analyze the transport through asymmetric double quantum dots with an inhomogeneous Zeeman splitting in the presence of crossed dc and ac magnetic fields. A strong spin-polarized current can be obtained by changing the dc magnetic field. It is mainly due to the resonant tunnelling. But for the ferromagnetic right electrode, the electron spin resonance also plays an important role in transport. We show that the double quantum dots with three-level mixing under crossed dc and ac magnetic fields can act not only as a bipolar spin filter but also as a spin inverter under suitable conditions.

Frequency-locking and threshold current-lowering effects of a quantum cascade laser and an application in gas detection field

In this paper,the frequency-locking and threshold current-lowering effects of a quantum cascade laser are studied and achieved.Combined with cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy,the noninvasive detection of H_2 with a prepared concentration of 500 ppm in multiple dissolved gases is performed and evaluated.The high frequency selectivity of 0.0051 cm^-1 at an acquisition time of 1 s allows the sensitive detection of the（1-0） S（l） band of H_2 with a high accuracy of（96.53±0.29）%and shows that the detection limit to an absorption line of 4712.9046 cm^-1 is approximately（17.26±0.63） ppm at an atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 ℃.

Persistent spin current in a quantum wire with weak Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling

The spin current in a parabolically confined semiconductor hcterojunction quantum wire with Drcsselhaus spinorbit coupling is theoretically studied by using the perturbation method. The formulae of the elements for linear and angular spin current densities are derived by using the recent definition for spin current based on spin continuity equation. It is found that the spin current in this Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling quantum wire is antisymmetrical, which is different from that in Rashba model due to the difference in symmetry between these two models. Some numerical examples for the result are also demonstrated and discussed.

Development of Surface Grating Distributed Feedback Quantum Cascade Laser for High Output Power and Low Threshold Current Density

We report on the room-temperature cascade laser （QCL） at λ -4.7μm. cw operation of a surface grating Both grating design and material distributed feedback （DFB） quantum optimization are used to decrease the threshold current density and to increase the output power. For a high-reflectivity-coated 13-μm-wide and 4- mm-long laser, high wall-plug efficiency of 6% is obtained at 20℃ from a single facet producing over I W of ew output power. The threshold current density of DFB QCL is as low as 1.13kA/cm^2 at 10℃ and 1.34kA/cm2 at 30℃ in cw mode. Stable single-mode emission with a side-mode suppression ratio of about 30 dB is observed in tile working temperature range of 20-50℃.

基于不同物理机制的固体高次谐波产生对激光参数依赖特性的理论研究

高次谐波产生(high-order harmonic generation,HHG)机制的研究,主要集中在带间极化和带内电流,以及由Berry曲率引起的反常电流机制上.将强激光诱导完整电流分解为不同机制的贡献,得到长期以来被忽视的混合项电流.通过数值求解半导体Bloch方程(semiconductor Bloch equation,SBE),研究了不同机制产生高次谐波的峰值振幅和激光波长相关性,探索了各电流机制之间的相干性.研究发现,无论是随着波长变化还是随着峰值振幅的变化,混合项电流与带间极化电流诱导的高次谐波谱有着十分相似的变化规律,以及极其接近的谐波强度;同时发现Berry曲率诱导的反常谐波只能产生垂直于激光场偏振方向的偶次谐波,且在波长和峰值强度变化过程中出现的极小值是反常谐波独有的特征.通过分析不同机制之间的干涉作用,发现带间极化谐波与带内谐波(包括反常谐波)在垂直偏振方向上发生了明显的相互干涉,而混合项谐波与带内谐波的相干则微乎其微.

三端自旋交换耦合双量子点体系的热流特性

运用量子主方程方法,研究了三端自旋交换耦合双量子点体系的热流和电流随偏压的变化行为.在电子交换作用为铁磁情况下,偏压较低时两电极量子点的电流和热流出现阻塞现象,这是由于电极的电子费米能低于跃迁量子点多体态之间的能量差.高偏压时,所有输运通道完全打开,电流到达一个平台,但是热流随偏压增加呈线性增长行为.与此不同的是,反铁磁情况下没有出现阻塞现象,因为此时主导输运的跃迁通道能级差较小,更容易产生电流并且到达平台所需的偏压较低.这些结果可以为设计基于量子点的热流器件提供理论依据.

位移电流测试方法的改进及应用

自从麦克斯韦第一次提出位移电流这一概念之后,其在薄膜表征中便得到广泛的应用。然而,在课堂教学中,极少涉及位移电流的测试原理及相关应用讲解,更缺少对其实际应用的介绍。本文从位移电流的测试原理出发,联系实际应用,提出了基于周期性阶跃电压驱动的电流测量(CPSIV)的新方法。这将有效地加深学生对于位移电流物理本质的深入理解。同时,我们以量子点发光二极管(QLED)为平台,对这一新的测试方案进行了实验验证。针对其中空穴传输层薄膜的缺陷特性及其对器件性能的影响进行了表征,揭示了器件的发光开启机制,证实了我们方案的可靠性。

Ground-state entanglement in a three-spin transverse Ising model with energy current

The ground-state entanglement associated with a three-spin transverse Ising model is studied. By introducing an energy current into the system, a quantum phase transition to energy-current phase may be presented with the variation of external magnetic field; and the ground-state entanglement varies suddenly at the critical point of quantum phase transition. In our model, the introduction of energy current makes the entanglement between any two qubits become maximally robust.

Quantum transport characteristics in single and multiple N-channel junctionless nanowire transistors at low temperatures

Single and multiple n-channel junctionless nanowire transistors （JNTs） are fabricated and experimentally investigated at variable temperatures. Clear current oscillations caused by the quantum-confinement effect are observed in the curve of drain current versus gate voltage acquired at low temperatures （10 K-100 K） and variable drain bias voltages （10 mV- 90 mV）. Transfer characteristics exhibit current oscillation peaks below flat-band voltage （VFB） at temperatures up to 75 K, which is possibly due to Coulomb-blocking from quantum dots, which are randomly formed by ionized dopants in the just opened n-type one-dimensional （1D） channel of silicon nanowires. However, at higher voltages than VFB, regular current steps are observed in single-channel JNTs, which corresponds to the fully populated subbands in the 1D channel. The subband energy spacing extracted from transconductance peaks accords well with theoretical predication. However, in multiple-channel JNT, only tiny oscillation peaks of the drain current are observed due to the combination of the drain current from multiple channels with quantum-confinement effects.

Persistent Currents in the Double Aharonov-Bohm Ring Connected to Electron Reservoirs

我们在量波导理论连接到二座电子水库的双 Aharonov-Bohm 戒指学习坚持的电流。在双 Aharonov-Bohm 戒指的坚持的电流从一座水库取决于当前的流动的方向到另外一个，这被发现。当当前的鞠躬的方向逆行时，在双 Aharonov-Bohm 戒指的每枚戒指的坚持的电流变化。如果二枚戒指具有一样的尺寸，在在电流的颠倒的左和正确戒指交换的坚持的电流播种方向。

Modulated Quasi-plane Tunneling Current

A new tutmeling junction can be formed by an insulator layer inserting into a quantum well, and in the quantum well, a quasi-plane tunneling current can be formed by applying a tunneling voltage. If a P-N junction is grown on the quantum well, the tunneling current can be modulated by a P-N junction-bias voltage. The modulated quasi-plane tunneling current is not only related to the bias voltage, but also to the depth of the quantum well. It is analyzed that the P-N junction-bias voltage how to affect the tunneling current and a method of measuring the depth of the quantum well is presented.

Anomalous Kondo-Switching Effect of a Spin-Flip Quantum Dot Embedded in an Aharonov-Bohm Ring

We theoretically investigate the Kondo effect of a quantum dot embedded in a mesoscopic Aharonov-Bohm(AB)ring in the presence of the spin flip processes by means of the one-impurity Anderson Hamiltonian.Based on theslave-boson mean-field theory,we find that in this system the persistent current(PC)sensitively depends on the parityand size of the AB ring and can be tuned by the spin-flip scattering(R).In the small AB ring,the PC is suppresseddue to the enhancing R weakening the Kondo resonance.On the contrary,in the large AB ring,with R increasing,thepeak of PC firstly moves up to max-peak and then down.Especially,the PC phase shift of π appears suddenly withthe proper value of R,implying the existence of the anomalous Kondo effect in this system.Thus this system may be acandidate for quantum switch.

New Derivation of Simple Josephson Effect Relation Using New Quantum Mechanical Equation

A relation of the Josephson current density equation is successfully derived;this is done through a new derivation of the equation of quantum by neglecting kinetic Newtonian term in the energy expression.

Very low threshold operation of quantum cascade lasers

A strain-compensated InP-based quantum cascade laser（QCL） structure emitting at 4.6 μm is demonstrated,based on a two-phonon resonant design and grown by solid-source molecular beam epitaxy（MBE）.By optimizing the growth parameters,a very high quality heterostructure with the lowest threshold current densities ever reported for QCLs was fabricated.Threshold current densities as low as 0.47 kA/cm^2 in pulsed operation and 0.56 kA/cm^2 in continuous-wave（cw） operation at 293 K were achieved for this state-of-the-art QCL.A minimum power consumption of 3.65 W was measured for the QCL,uncooled,with a high-reflectivity（HR） coating on its rear facet.