Chaos quantum particle swarm optimization for reactive power optimization considering voltage stability

The reactive power optimization considering voltage stability is an effective method to improve voltage stablity margin and decrease network losses,but it is a complex combinatorial optimization problem involving nonlinear functions having multiple local minima and nonlinear and discontinuous constraints. To deal with the problem,quantum particle swarm optimization (QPSO) is firstly introduced in this paper,and according to QPSO,chaotic quantum particle swarm optimization (CQPSO) is presented,which makes use of the randomness,regularity and ergodicity of chaotic variables to improve the quantum particle swarm optimization algorithm. When the swarm is trapped in local minima,a smaller searching space chaos optimization is used to guide the swarm jumping out the local minima. So it can avoid the premature phenomenon and to trap in a local minima of QPSO. The feasibility and efficiency of the proposed algorithm are verified by the results of calculation and simulation for IEEE 14-buses and IEEE 30-buses systems.

Development of Surface Grating Distributed Feedback Quantum Cascade Laser for High Output Power and Low Threshold Current Density

We report on the room-temperature cascade laser （QCL） at λ -4.7μm. cw operation of a surface grating Both grating design and material distributed feedback （DFB） quantum optimization are used to decrease the threshold current density and to increase the output power. For a high-reflectivity-coated 13-μm-wide and 4- mm-long laser, high wall-plug efficiency of 6% is obtained at 20℃ from a single facet producing over I W of ew output power. The threshold current density of DFB QCL is as low as 1.13kA/cm^2 at 10℃ and 1.34kA/cm2 at 30℃ in cw mode. Stable single-mode emission with a side-mode suppression ratio of about 30 dB is observed in tile working temperature range of 20-50℃.

Damping Controller Based Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization for VSC HVDC to Improve Power System Stability

The use of the supplementary controllers of a High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) based on Voltage Source Converter (VSC) to damp low Frequency oscillations in a weakly connected system is surveyed. Also, singular value decomposition (SVD)-based approach is used to analyze and assess the controllability of the poorly damped electromechanical modes by VSC-HVDC different control channels. The problem of supplementary damping controller based VSC-HVDC system is formulated as an optimization problem according to the time domain-based objective function which is solved using quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO). Individual designs of the HVDC controllers using QPSO method are evaluated. The effectiveness of the proposed controllers on damping low frequency oscillations is checked through eigenvalue analysis and non-linear time simulation under various disturbance conditions over a wide range of loading.

Measurement Quantization Describes History of Universe—Quantum Inflation, Transition to Expansion, CMB Power Spectrum

Developing a comprehensive model of the early universe that describes events and conditions prior to recombination has proved difficult. Using a new approach, we express Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle in terms of measures and counts of those measures to resolve an expression consisting entirely of counts. The description allows us to resolve explicit values for discrete measures. With these values, we present new expressions describing the earliest epoch and the transition event that initiates expansion. We determine the quantity, age, density, and temperature of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Moreover, we approach the CMB power spectrum anew, describing each mass/energy distribution, its physical significance, its peak temperature, and the effects of relativity. We do not engage in fitting or modification of the existing laws of physics. The approach is classical and correlates both quantum and cosmological phenomena with descriptive expressions that are measurable, verifiable, and falsifiable.

量子计算技术在新型电力系统决策优化中的应用

新型电力系统的规划、运行和市场运营等决策优化过程呈现变量激增、约束繁杂等特点,而量子计算具有运算并行和状态叠加等特性,为高效解决此类“维数灾难”难题提供了新的技术路径。文中围绕量子计算技术赋能新型电力系统决策优化的原理可行性及实现思路展开探析。首先,梳理分析量子计算应用于新型电力系统决策优化过程的先进性与局限性,构建量子-经典计算混合的变分量子决策优化框架。在此基础上,提炼新型电力系统典型优化问题的共性,推导统一的问题结构,形成可利用量子比特系统描述的能量模型。随后,提出基于量子近似优化算法的求解流程,寻找能量模型的极值,并映射得到原优化问题的最优解。最后,从软硬件、算法框架以及行业发展等角度提出思考与展望。

MOCVD生长的中红外高功率量子级联激光器

量子级联激光器(QCL)是中远红外波段的优质光源,具有体积小、重量轻、电光转化效率高等诸多优势,在传感、通信和国防等领域有重要的应用前景。金属有机物化学气相沉积(MOCVD)技术作为更高效的外延方式,应发展适用于QCL的MOCVD外延生长技术以满足快速增长的市场需求。本文报道了全结构由MOCVD技术外延的QCL,通过将传统的“双声子共振”有源区结构修订为“单声子共振结合连续态抽取”结构,减少了电子的热逃逸,改善了器件的温度特性。针对该结构,进一步改变了有源区的掺杂浓度,并对比了不同掺杂浓度对器件性能的影响。腔长8 mm、平均脊宽约6.7μm的较高掺杂有源区器件在20℃下连续输出功率达3.43 W,中心波长约4.6μm,电光转化效率达13.1%;8 mm腔长的较低掺杂有源区器件在20℃下连续输出功率达2.73 W,中心波长约4.5μm,阈值电流仅0.56 A,峰值电光转化效率达15.6%。器件的输出功率和电光转化效率较之前文献报道的MOCVD制备的QCL有明显提高。该结果表明,MOCVD完全具备生长高功率QCL的能力,这对推动QCL的技术进步具有重要意义。

基于机器学习的量子通信激光器功率控制系统设计

量子通信激光器的频段带宽较宽,在无线通信方面具有潜在的超高传输容量,也能够发挥快速波载的应用特性;但受功率控制的不协调因素限制,量子通信激光器在数据传输中脉冲功率会产生波动,导致传输带宽产生畸变,研究基于机器学习的量子通信激光器功率控制系统设计方法;以获取不同的控制指令为前提条件,将单片机和FPGA作为量子通信激光器主控单元;采用A/D作为转换单元,通过串行封装设计转换电路;基于机器学习分析电流与电压关系,实现系统硬件设计;构建量子通信激光机通信检测单元,在多量子耦合关系下,设定激光器有源区控制形式,基于介电常数分析激光器运行模式,对应量子通信功率反馈条件;基于机器学习中Q函数算法,寻找功率最优控制方案,完成系统软件设计;实验结果表明:在信号增益分别为0.05、0.10、0.15的变量条件下,应用文章所提系统控制量子通信激光器脉冲功率,能够在50次往返过程中实现功率的稳定控制,且脉冲宽度扥别为528 FS、556 FS、585 FS,没有发生畸变,表明该系统对量子通信激光器功率控制的效果较好。

基于无微波金刚石NV色心测磁技术的电流测量应用

为了在特高压(UHV)环境下使用氮-空位(NV)色心量子测量技术,研究了金刚石主轴与磁场夹角对相应曲线及电流测量精度的影响。构建金刚石氮-空位七能级超精细结构模型,根据仿真结果得到不同磁场方向下最高灵敏度范围和最佳测量范围,从而确定探头的最佳放置角度。基于无微波金刚石氮-空位技术搭建了直流大电流测量实验平台,测试了100~5000A范围内荧光电压对电流的响应曲线。实验结果表明,该平台对5000A直流电流测量误差在0.25%以内。作为无源器件,无微波金刚石氮-空位色心测磁传感器全光纤信号传输具备良好耐压性能,同时可在室温下工作,并具有结构紧凑、灵敏度高、抗电磁干扰能力强等优势,适用于特高压环境下的直流电流测量,为传统电力行业检测提供了新的检测方法。

量子通信技术在电力信息系统保密传输中的应用研究

随着电力信息系统的快速发展和信息传输的广泛应用,数据的安全性和保密性成为了一个重要的研究领域。传统的密码学方法面临着越来越多的挑战,安全性难以保证,而量子通信技术作为一种全新的信息传输手段,具有独特的优势,在电力信息系统中的应用也受到了广泛关注。该文综述了量子通信技术在电力信息系统保密传输中的应用研究,并提出了一些关键问题和研究方向。

基于权参数优化的并行深度学习光伏功率预测

针对不同应用场景下光伏数据波动模式差异较大时,现有的光伏发电功率预测模型存在精度及适应性不足的问题,提出了一种具有权参数自适应性的并行深度学习光伏发电功率预测框架。该框架包含2种可以并行预测的深度学习算法单元(Attention-Seq2Seq单元、Transformer单元)以及一个权参数自适应优化单元。基于所提出的并行深度学习框架,对光伏发电功率进行预测,并分别与Attention-Seq2Seq、Transformer模型的预测结果进行了对比验证。结果表明:基于权参数优化的并行深度学习光伏功率预测框架弥补了不同数据波动模式下单一算法预测精度和适应性不足的问题,也可以有效解决时间序列预测中的长距离依赖问题,较单一算法预测精度更高,其平均绝对误差和均方根误差在夏季典型日最大降幅分别是41.18%和45.59%,在冬季典型日最大降幅分别是81.13%和82.86%。

Antenna Selection and Power Allocation Design for 5G Massive MIMO Uplink Networks

Massive MIMO is one of the key technologies in future 5G communications which can satisfy the requirement of high speed and large capacity. This paper considers antenna selection and power allocation design to promote energy conservation then provide good quality of service(QoS) for the whole massive MIMO uplink network. Unlike previous related works, hardware impairment, transmission efficiency, and energy consumption at the circuit and antennas are involved in massive MIMO networks. In order to ensure the QoS, we consider the minimum rate constraint for each user and the system, which increases the complexity of power allocation problem for maximizing energy and spectral efficiency in massive MIMO system. To this end, a quantum-inspired social emotional optimization(QSEO) algorithm is proposed to obtain the optimal power control strategy in massive MIMO uplink networks. Simulation results assess the great advantages of QSEO which previous strategies do not have.

Internal quantum efficiency drop induced by the heat generation inside of light emitting diodes (LEDs)

The reasons for low output power of AlGalnP Light Emitting Diodes （LEDs） have been analysed. LEDs with AlGaInP material have high internal but low external quantum efficiency and much heat generated inside especially at a large injected current which would reduce both the internal and external quantum efficiencies. Two kinds of LEDs with the same active region but different window layers have been fabricated. The new window layer composed of textured 0.5 μm GaP and thin Indium-Tin-Oxide film has shown that low external quantum efficiency （EQE） has serious impaction on the internal quantum efficiency （IQE）, because the carrier distribution will change with the body temperature increasing due to the heat inside, and the test results have shown the evidence of LEDs with lower output power and bigger wavelength red shift.

Graphene quantum dots assisted photovoltage and efficiency enhancement in CdSe quantum dot sensitized solar cells

CdSe quantum dot sensitized solar cells （QDSCs） modified with graphene quantum dots （GQDs） have been successfully achieved in this work for the first time. Satisfactorily, the optimized photovoltage （Voc） of the modified QDSCs was approximately 0.04 V higher than that of plain CdSe QDSCs, consequently improving the photovoltaic performance of the resulting QDSCs. Served as a novel coating on the CdSe QD sensitized photoanode, GQDs played a vital role in improving Voc due to the suppressed charge recombination which has been confirmed by electron impedance spectroscopy as well as transient photovoltage decay measure- ments. Moreover, different adsorption sequences, concentration and deposition time of GQDs have also been systematically investigated to boost the power conversion efficiency （PCE） of CdSe QDSCs. After the coating of CdSe with GQDs, the resulting champion CdSe QDSCs exhibited an improved PCE of 6.59% under AM 1.5G full one sun illumination.

电力系统中量子信息学的应用现状及展望

量子信息学在信息获取、传输和处理等方面具有独特优势,在保障新型电力系统信息安全和纾解算力困境等方面潜力巨大。从量子通信和量子计算2个方面,总结了电力系统应用背景下的量子信息学研究现状,并对未来可能的研究方向进行了展望。首先,介绍了量子信息学的基本概念和原理。然后,针对量子通信,分析了典型量子通信技术在新型电力系统中的适用性,并从远距离信息传输、多主体通信、统一标准化和专用研发平台4个方面了梳理电力系统中量子通信的研究现状;针对量子计算,从线性代数运算、优化问题求解、机器学习和参数估计等方面阐述归纳了量子算法的基本原理及其在电力系统中的研究现状。最后,面向新型电力系统中量子信息学的应用前景进行了展望,并提出了电力系统中量子信息学的发展建议。

基于三角旋回算法的共享储能电站工业用户日前优化调度方法

针对逐步寻优求解后,工业用户群的日运行成本依旧较高的问题,提出一种基于三角旋回算法的共享储能电站工业用户日前优化调度方法。考虑电量交互时的共享储能服务费,建立工业用户日前优化调度模型;以工业用户群日运行成本最小化为目标,构建优化调度目标函数,计算工业用户主体效益;设置多项连续性优化调度约束条件,引入三角旋回算法,通过灾变操作修正个体对应位计算全局最优解,得到最合理的日前优化调度方案。结果表明,应用所提优化调度方法后,有效降低了工业用户购电费用。

The Instability of Terahertz Plasma Waves in Two Dimensional Gated and Ungated Quantum Electron Gas

The instability of terahertz（THz）plasma waves in two-dimensional（2D）quantum electron gas in a nanometer field effect transistor（FET）with asymmetrical boundary conditions has been investigated.We analyze THz plasma waves of two parts of the 2D quantum electron gas：gated and ungated regions.The results show that the radiation frequency and the increment（radiation power）in 2D ungated quantum electron gas are much higher than that in 2D gated quantum electron gas.The quantum effects always enhance the radiation power and enlarge the region of instability in both cases.This allows us to conclude that 2D quantum electron gas in the transistor channel is important for the emission and detection process and both gated and ungated parts take part in that process.

Quantum Tic-Tac-Toe: A Genuine Probabilistic Approach

We propose a quantum version of Tic-Tac-Toe which accurately reflects the inherent probabilistic nature of the measurement principle in quantum mechanics. We then formulate a quantum strategy which allows a quantum player to consistently win over a classical player, with a certain probability. This result can be seen as another proof of the superior computational power of a quantum system with respect to a classical one. Our investigation also reveals that the non-determinism and complexity introduced by the principles of quantum mechanics into even the most simple games make brute-force strategies considerably more difficult to implement. Consequently, games in which machines have gained the upper hand over humans may be made fair again by upgrading them to a quantum level.

一种针对格基后量子密码的能量侧信道分析框架

为应对量子计算对传统公钥密码的安全威胁,后量子密码(PQC)已逐渐成为新一代密码技术。虽然后量子密码通过数学理论保证了算法的安全性,但在密码实现运算过程中易发生侧信道信息泄漏。该文提出一种针对格基PQC的能量侧信道分析攻击框架,利用秘密多项式系数与能耗之间的关系创建侧信道攻击模板,实现了对Kyber算法的侧信道攻击。该文还首次提出一种高阶选择密文攻击方法,成功实现了对Kyber算法的能量侧信道分析,与现有工作相比该方法恢复Kyber512和Kyber768的密钥所需密文条数分别降低了58.48%和47.5%。实验结果表明了该文构建的能量侧信道分析框架的可行性,验证了高阶选择密文攻击方法的有效性,可为后续PQC算法实现侧信道安全风险评估提供方法与工具支撑。

基于量子聚类的稳态电能质量综合评估方法

针对稳态电能质量监测数据不均衡特点,提出基于量子聚类稳态电能质量综合评估方法。对监测数据进行量子聚类,获得特征各异的若干越限模式;定义聚类簇中心各指标偏离限值程度之和的排序结果为越限模式严重度;根据各区域监测数据在不同聚类簇的分布占比定义区域越限严重度,反映各区域的电能质量相对水平;最后通过某市11个区域的监测数据实现稳态电能质量综合评估。该方法能从不均衡监测数据中有效挖掘出不同越限模式,利于区域间电能质量水平对比。