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基于D-Wave Advantage的量子退火公钥密码攻击算法研究
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作者 王潮 王启迪 +2 位作者 洪春雷 胡巧云 裴植 《计算机学报》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第5期1030-1044,共15页
D-Wave专用量子计算机的原理量子退火凭借独特的量子隧穿效应可跳出传统智能算法极易陷入的局部极值,可视为一类具有全局寻优能力的人工智能算法.本文研究了两类基于量子退火的RSA公钥密码攻击算法(分解大整数N=pq):一是将密码攻击数学... D-Wave专用量子计算机的原理量子退火凭借独特的量子隧穿效应可跳出传统智能算法极易陷入的局部极值,可视为一类具有全局寻优能力的人工智能算法.本文研究了两类基于量子退火的RSA公钥密码攻击算法(分解大整数N=pq):一是将密码攻击数学方法转为组合优化问题或指数级空间搜索问题,通过Ising模型或QUBO模型求解,提出了乘法表的高位优化模型,建立新的降维公式,使用D-Wave Advantage分解了 200万整数2269753.大幅度超过普渡大学、Lockheed Martin和富士通等实验指标,且Ising模型系数h范围缩小了 84%,系数J范围缩小了 80%,极大地提高了分解成功率,这是一类完全基于D-Wave量子计算机的攻击算法;二是基于量子退火算法融合密码攻击数学方法优化密码部件的攻击,采用量子退火优化CVP问题求解,通过量子隧穿效应获得比Babai算法更近的向量,提高了 CVP问题中光滑对的搜索效率,在D-Wave Advantage上实现首次50比特RSA整数分解.实验表明,在通用量子计算机器件进展缓慢情况下,D-Wave表现出更好的现实攻击能力,且量子退火不存在NISQ量子计算机VQA算法的致命缺陷贫瘠高原问题:算法会无法收敛且无法扩展到大规模攻击. 展开更多
关键词 RSA D-WAVE 量子退火 CVP 量子隧穿 整数分解 量子计算
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本科量子物理实验课程探索
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作者 陈丽清 吴媛 +1 位作者 尹亚玲 刘金梅 《物理实验》 2024年第1期14-21,共8页
近20年,国际量子科技取得重大进展,在未来科技发展中占据重要地位.因此,在物理专业本科实验教学中设置量子物理实验,让学生深入理解微观量子物理基本原理,掌握一定的量子前沿技术非常必要.华东师范大学物理学专业自主开发量子物理本科... 近20年,国际量子科技取得重大进展,在未来科技发展中占据重要地位.因此,在物理专业本科实验教学中设置量子物理实验,让学生深入理解微观量子物理基本原理,掌握一定的量子前沿技术非常必要.华东师范大学物理学专业自主开发量子物理本科实验教学仪器和虚拟仿真实验,在物理学专业拔尖班开设量子物理实验,取得了优异的成果.本文详细介绍了华东师范大学量子物理实验课程设置以及实施过程,分析开展相关本科量子物理实验的可能性及其普及性,为全国高校开设量子物理实验课程提供参考. 展开更多
关键词 量子物理实验 真空场测量 海森堡不确定关系 引力波测量演示实验 量子光源
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基于半导体量子阱中四波混频效应的高效光学非互易 被引量:1
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作者 盖云冉 郑康 +2 位作者 丁春玲 郝向英 金锐博 《物理学报》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第1期158-166,共9页
基于半导体量子阱纳米结构中的四波混频效应,提出了一种无磁光学非互易的理论方案.利用实验可得的合适参数,实现了具有高传输率的非互易传输和非互易相移.此外,将这种半导体量子阱纳米结构嵌入马赫-曾德尔干涉仪,选择适当的参数,可以实... 基于半导体量子阱纳米结构中的四波混频效应,提出了一种无磁光学非互易的理论方案.利用实验可得的合适参数,实现了具有高传输率的非互易传输和非互易相移.此外,将这种半导体量子阱纳米结构嵌入马赫-曾德尔干涉仪,选择适当的参数,可以实现隔离比为92.39 dB、插入损耗为0.25 dB的双端口光隔离器,以及保真度为0.9993、光子存活率为0.9518、低插入损耗的四端口光环行器.半导体介质具有更容易集成和参数可调的优势,此方案可以为基于半导体固态介质的非互易性和非互易光子器件的实现提供理论指导. 展开更多
关键词 光学非互易 半导体量子阱 四波混频
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弯曲应变下六角晶格量子反铁磁体的赝朗道能级
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作者 解晓洁 孙俊松 +1 位作者 秦吉红 郭怀明 《物理学报》 SCIE EI CSCD 北大核心 2024年第2期49-58,共10页
利用线性自旋波理论和量子蒙特卡罗方法研究了弯曲应变下六角晶格量子反铁磁体的赝朗道能级.通过线性自旋波理论,发现磁赝朗道能级出现在磁子能谱的高能端,其能级间距与能级指数的平方根成正比.线性自旋波理论和量子蒙特卡罗方法都显示... 利用线性自旋波理论和量子蒙特卡罗方法研究了弯曲应变下六角晶格量子反铁磁体的赝朗道能级.通过线性自旋波理论,发现磁赝朗道能级出现在磁子能谱的高能端,其能级间距与能级指数的平方根成正比.线性自旋波理论和量子蒙特卡罗方法都显示,尺寸相同时随着应变强度的逐渐增加,局域磁化强度逐渐减弱,应变强度相同的条件下反铁磁序在y方向上连续减弱,因为上边界处的海森伯链解耦为孤立的垂直链,导致上边界附近的磁序被破坏.量子蒙特卡罗方法提供了更精确的反铁磁序演化:在特定应变强度下上边界处垂直关联不变,水平关联增加,从而影响磁化强度,使局域磁化在上边界处呈上翘趋势.研究结果有助于理解弯曲应变对自旋激发的影响,并可能在二维量子磁性材料实验中得以实现. 展开更多
关键词 弯曲应变 赝朗道能级 线性自旋波理论 量子蒙特卡罗方法
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On Scalar Planck Waves
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作者 Lewis Nash 《Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology》 CAS 2024年第4期1551-1563,共13页
The sound of space-time at the large scale is observed in the form of gravitational waves, which are disturbances in space-time produced by wavelike distortions (or kinks) in the gravitational field of an accelerating... The sound of space-time at the large scale is observed in the form of gravitational waves, which are disturbances in space-time produced by wavelike distortions (or kinks) in the gravitational field of an accelerating parcel or distribution of energy. In this study, we investigate a hypothetical wave mode of quantum space-time, which suggests the existence of scalar Planck waves. According to this hypothesis, the sound of quantum space-time corresponds to kinks propagating in the gravitational displacement field of an oscillating energy density. In evaluating the emission of scalar Planck waves and their effect on the geometry of space-time, one finds that they not only transport a vanishingly small amount of energy but can also be used to simulate gravity. 展开更多
关键词 Scalar Planck Waves Quantum Space-Time Dynamics Gravitational Waves Gravitational Displacement Field Artificial Gravity
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Dental Treatment Using Quantum Mechanics for Knee Joint Pain
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作者 Yoshiro Fujii 《Natural Science》 2024年第9期146-149,共4页
In clinical practice, dentists sometimes encounter phenomena that cannot be explained by modern western medical concepts;for example, the patient’s medical symptoms improve by bringing medicines or dentures close to ... In clinical practice, dentists sometimes encounter phenomena that cannot be explained by modern western medical concepts;for example, the patient’s medical symptoms improve by bringing medicines or dentures close to the body. Although it seems difficult to completely elucidate the mechanism through modern western medicine, it can be explained using quantum mechanics. The quantum, the smallest unit of matter composition, exhibits wave-particle duality. The fact that symptoms can be improved simply by bringing dentures or medicines closer to the body indicates that the waves emitted by dentures or medicines interfere with the pathological waves emitted by the pathological site. Thus, the pathological waves are deformed and lead to a change in symptoms. In this way, quantum theory can explain phenomena that are difficult to elucidate in conventional medicine, which are encountered in clinical practice. So far, the author has presented a case of difficulty in raising the upper limb where the symptoms improved without the need for dentures in the mouth by adjusting the dentures outside the mouth. This time, the author would like to introduce a case which the patient’s knee pain improved by adjusting the dentures outside the mouth. 展开更多
关键词 Denture Adjustment Knee Joint Pain Quantum Mechanics Wave Interference The Bi-Digital O-Ring Test
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用大学物理知识诠释前沿科技——从光的偏振到量子通信
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作者 张婷 吴伟 孙仕海 《物理与工程》 2024年第2期19-24,共6页
在大学物理教学中以科技前沿应用为牵引,用大学物理的语言解释前沿科技进展的原理,拉近基础课和前沿应用的距离,可以促进学生学习物理的兴趣,加深学生对于基础物理原理的理解。本文以量子密钥分配为例,仅用大学物理中偏振的内容就解释... 在大学物理教学中以科技前沿应用为牵引,用大学物理的语言解释前沿科技进展的原理,拉近基础课和前沿应用的距离,可以促进学生学习物理的兴趣,加深学生对于基础物理原理的理解。本文以量子密钥分配为例,仅用大学物理中偏振的内容就解释了经典的BB84方案的基本原理,并对该方案的实际实现进行了阐述,旨在表明任何理论方案和实际实现都存在相当的距离。本文还介绍了量子通信领域的最新研究进展和目前主要的研究方向,以激发学生主动探索和进一步研究的兴趣和热情。本文是为基础物理原理和高新尖技术之间搭建桥梁的一次有益尝试,相关思路值得在新工科背景下的大学物理教学中推广。 展开更多
关键词 光的偏振 波片 量子密钥分配 BB84方案
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量子化学课中薛定谔方程的教学实践
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作者 周佳 《化工高等教育》 2024年第3期41-45,共5页
薛定谔方程是化学专业的量子化学基础理论课程的重点和难点内容。为了使学生更好地理解和掌握薛定谔方程,笔者从波粒二象性的实验现象出发,通过与牛顿力学对比,推演出量子力学中重要的薛定谔方程,将微观粒子的波动性和粒子性完美结合在... 薛定谔方程是化学专业的量子化学基础理论课程的重点和难点内容。为了使学生更好地理解和掌握薛定谔方程,笔者从波粒二象性的实验现象出发,通过与牛顿力学对比,推演出量子力学中重要的薛定谔方程,将微观粒子的波动性和粒子性完美结合在薛定谔方程中,让学生领悟量子力学的美妙之处。在授课过程中,笔者注重激发学生思考,引导学生分析、归纳和总结实验现象与基本理论之间的关系,从而使学生掌握相关知识。 展开更多
关键词 波粒二象性 量子力学 薛定谔方程 牛顿力学
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The Magnetic Longitudinal (P-) Wave’s Propagation and Energy Models Underlying the Mechanisms of Its Capacity to Absorb Free Energy 被引量:1
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作者 Jianzhong Jiang Yufeng Wang 《Journal of Power and Energy Engineering》 2024年第7期39-62,共24页
The longitudinal wave term within Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction (Faraday’s law) underwent recovery to ensure its suitability for theoretical derivation of the equation governing longitudinal electromagn... The longitudinal wave term within Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction (Faraday’s law) underwent recovery to ensure its suitability for theoretical derivation of the equation governing longitudinal electromagnetic (LEM) waves. The revised Maxwell’s equations include the crucial parameters being the attenuation time constants of magnetic vortex potential and electric vortex potential generated by external electromagnetic field within the propagation medium. Specific expressions for them are obtained through theoretical analysis. Subsequently, a model for propagating magnetic P-wave generated by the superposition of a left-handed photo and a right-handed photon in a vacuum is formulated based on reevaluated total current law and revised Faraday’s law, covering wave equations, energy equation, as well as propagation mode involving mutual induction and conversion between scalar magnetic field and vortex electric field. Furthermore, through theoretical derivations centered around magnetic P-wave, evidence was presented regarding its ability to absorb huge free energy through the entangled interaction between zero-point vacuum energy field and the torsion field produced by the vortex electric field. 展开更多
关键词 QED (Quantum Electrodynamics) Energy Wave and TEM (Transverse Electromagnetic) Wave Magnetic P-Wave Modified Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction Electric/Magnetic Vortex Potential Zero-Point Vacuum Energy
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Gravitational Waves Background, as Well as Some UFO, FRB and Supernova Flares, Are Due to Compressibility of the Spacetime (CoST)
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作者 Evgeny A. Novikov 《Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology》 CAS 2024年第1期67-70,共4页
The recently observed gravitational wave background is explained in terms of the quantum modification of the general relativity (Qmoger). Some UFO, FRB and supernova flares also can be explained in terms of Qmoger.
关键词 Gravitational Wave Background Quantum Modification of the General Relativity Compressibility of the Spacetime (CoST)
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On Electron Clouds and Light
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作者 Claude Daviau 《Journal of Modern Physics》 2024年第4期491-510,共20页
The wave equation of the electron, recently improved, allows physics to obtain all the quantum numbers and other results explaining the hydrogen spectrum. The Pauli exclusion principle then gives the description of el... The wave equation of the electron, recently improved, allows physics to obtain all the quantum numbers and other results explaining the hydrogen spectrum. The Pauli exclusion principle then gives the description of electron clouds used in chemistry. The relativistic wave equation is associated with a Lagrangian density, thus also with an energy-momentum tensorial density. The wave of an electron cloud adds these energy-momentum densities, while photons in light are precisely those differences between such energy-momentum densities. 展开更多
关键词 Quantum Mechanics Nonlinear Wave Equation RELATIVITY Electron Clouds PHOTON LIGHT
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A More Accurate Determination of the Magnitude of Cosmic Inflation in the Big Bang Model
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作者 Slobodan Spremo 《Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology》 CAS 2024年第1期27-30,共4页
According to our hypothesis, at the very beginning of the Big Bang, a hyperenergetic spherical wave was created. We described its characteristics in our previous work, and the present work is based on them. Logically,... According to our hypothesis, at the very beginning of the Big Bang, a hyperenergetic spherical wave was created. We described its characteristics in our previous work, and the present work is based on them. Logically, we saw that in cosmic inflation the frequency of such a wave would decrease sharply. Based on the temperature that prevailed immediately after inflation according to the hot Big Bang model, we determined a measure of the size of the inflation in this model, in accordance with our hypothesis. 展开更多
关键词 Flat Space and Time Hyperenergetic Spherical Wave Primary Particles Quantum of Speed
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含时紧束缚模型中的波包动力学
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作者 王羽婷 张禧征 《天津师范大学学报(自然科学版)》 CAS 北大核心 2024年第1期34-41,55,共9页
为了发展与构建新的量子调控方法与机制,基于含时磁通作用的一维紧束缚环体系,通过计算系统的能谱和传播子,研究了含时外场下单粒子波包的动力学行为.结果表明:矢势可以以相位的形式出现在紧束缚模型的二次量子化哈密顿量中,且其含时变... 为了发展与构建新的量子调控方法与机制,基于含时磁通作用的一维紧束缚环体系,通过计算系统的能谱和传播子,研究了含时外场下单粒子波包的动力学行为.结果表明:矢势可以以相位的形式出现在紧束缚模型的二次量子化哈密顿量中,且其含时变化所诱导的波包动力学效应与存在外电场时系统的动力学效应相同,表现为与经典物理中的法拉第电磁感应定律一致,这种与经典物理相对应的关系为人们构建新的量子调控机制提供了重要的指导思想. 展开更多
关键词 量子控制 含时紧束缚 波包 半经典近似 动力学
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Modeling and Implementation of a Data Security and Protection Medium Using the Generated Key Based on Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Theories
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作者 Vincent Mbonigaba Fulgence Nahayo +3 位作者 Octave Moutsinga Dieudonné Okalas-Ossami Romeo Nibitanga Thérence Niyonsaba 《Journal of Computer and Communications》 2024年第9期131-140,共10页
Today, the advent of quantum computers and algorithms is calling into question the semantic security of symmetrical and asymmetrical cryptosystems. The security of objects connected to the network, which must provide ... Today, the advent of quantum computers and algorithms is calling into question the semantic security of symmetrical and asymmetrical cryptosystems. The security of objects connected to the network, which must provide a security service and protect the privacy of users by providing protection against attacks such as identity theft, denial of service, eavesdropping and unauthorised access to personal and sensitive data. It is therefore necessary to find a robust method of using the key that is effective in protecting and preventing data tampering. In this paper, we design and implement a security and data protection method using a key generated on the basis of electromagnetic wave propagation theories. Modelling and implementation of a data security and protection method using a key generated on the basis of electromagnetic wave propagation theories. 展开更多
关键词 MODELING Security CRYPTOGRAPHY Algorithm CODING Quantum Post Bytes System WAVES
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双有源区结构4.7μm中波红外量子级联激光器
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作者 王渝沛 章宇航 +8 位作者 罗晓玥 钱晨灏 程洋 赵武 魏志祥 韩迪仪 孙方圆 王俊 周大勇 《中国光学(中英文)》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第5期1042-1049,共8页
本文报道了一种基于双有源区的4.7μm中波红外量子级联激光器,脊宽为9.5μm,可实现室温连续基横模工作。通过在单有源区中心插入0.8μm InP间隔层,将原有的单有源区转变成双有源区结构,可显著降低器件有源区的峰值温度,同时抑制高阶横... 本文报道了一种基于双有源区的4.7μm中波红外量子级联激光器,脊宽为9.5μm,可实现室温连续基横模工作。通过在单有源区中心插入0.8μm InP间隔层,将原有的单有源区转变成双有源区结构,可显著降低器件有源区的峰值温度,同时抑制高阶横模的产生。在288 K温度下,腔长为5 mm的双有源区器件的阈值电流密度为1.14 kA/cm2,连续输出功率为0.71 W,快轴发散角为27.3°,慢轴发散角为18.1°。同采用常规单有源区结构器件相比,采用双有源区结构的器件,其最大光输出功率未出现退化,同时器件慢轴方向由多模变化为基横模,光束质量得到了显著改善。本工作为改善高功率中波量子级联激光器的慢轴光束质量提供了一种解决思路。 展开更多
关键词 中红外 量子级联激光器 双有源区 金属有机物化学气相沉积 连续输出
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Analysis of the Electromagnetic Characteristics and the Mechanism Underlying Bio-Medical Function of Longitudinal Electromagnetic (LEM) Waves
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作者 Jianzhong Jiang Yufeng Wang 《Journal of Power and Energy Engineering》 2024年第10期31-49,共19页
Based on theoretical system of current Maxwell’s equations, the Maxwell’s equations for LEM waves concealed in full current law and Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction (Faraday’s law) are proposed. Then, ta... Based on theoretical system of current Maxwell’s equations, the Maxwell’s equations for LEM waves concealed in full current law and Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction (Faraday’s law) are proposed. Then, taking them as the fundamental equations, the wave equation and energy equation of LEM waves are established, and a new electromagnetic wave propagation mode based on the mutual induction of scalar electromagnetic fields/vortex magneto-electric fields, which was overlooked in current Maxwell’s equations, are put forward. Moreover, through theoretical derivation based on vacuum LEM waves, the Maxwell’s equations of the gravitational field generated by vacuum LEM waves, the wave equations of the electromagnetic scalar potential/magnetic vector potential and the constraint equation governing the wave phase-velocities between LEM/TEM waves are discovered. Finally, on the basis of these theoretical research results, the electromagnetic properties of vacuum LEM waves are analyzed in detail, encompassing the speed of light, harmless penetrability to the human body, absorption and stable storage by water, the possibility of generating artificial gravitational fields, and the capability of extracting free energy. This reveals the medical functional mechanism of LEM waves and establishes a solid theoretical basis for the application of LEM waves in the fields of medicine and energy. 展开更多
关键词 QED (Quantum Electrodynamics) Longitudinal Electromagnetic Wave Maxwell’s Equations Electromagnetic Induction Artificial Gravitational Field Unified Field Theory
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Development of a Post Quantum Encryption Key Generation Algorithm Using Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Theory
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作者 Vincent Mbonigaba Fulgence Nahayo +1 位作者 Octave Moutsinga Okalas-Ossami Dieudonné 《Journal of Information Security》 2024年第1期53-62,共10页
In today’s rapid widespread of digital technologies into all live aspects to enhance efficiency and productivity on the one hand and on the other hand ensure customer engagement, personal data counterfeiting has beco... In today’s rapid widespread of digital technologies into all live aspects to enhance efficiency and productivity on the one hand and on the other hand ensure customer engagement, personal data counterfeiting has become a major concern for businesses and end-users. One solution to ensure data security is encryption, where keys are central. There is therefore a need to find robusts key generation implementation that is effective, inexpensive and non-invasive for protecting and preventing data counterfeiting. In this paper, we use the theory of electromagnetic wave propagation to generate encryption keys. 展开更多
关键词 KEY Wave ELECTROMAGNETIC CRYPTOGRAPHY POST Quantum Network Protocol Propagation ALGORITHM
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Structural Foundation and Geometry of the Material Singularity (and Its Quantum Entanglement)
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作者 Rafael Cañete Mesa 《Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology》 CAS 2024年第3期1095-1137,共43页
In this paper we develop and study, as the second part of one more general development, the energy transmutation equation for the material singularity, previously obtained through the symmetrisation of a wave packet, ... In this paper we develop and study, as the second part of one more general development, the energy transmutation equation for the material singularity, previously obtained through the symmetrisation of a wave packet, that is, we develop the correlation between the terms of this equation, which accounts for the formation of matter from a previous vibrational state, and the different possible energy species. These energetic species are ascribed, in a simplified form, to the equation E¯ω=E¯k+E¯f, which allows us, through its associated phase factor, to gain an insight into the wave character of the kinetic energy and thus to attain the basis of the matter-wave, and all sorts of related phenomenologies, including that concerning quantum entanglement. The formation of the matter was previously identified as an energetic process, analogous to the kinetic one, in which finally the inertial mass is consolidated as a mass in a different phase, now, in addition, the mass of the material singularity is identified as a volumetric density of waves of toroidal geometry created in the process of singularisation or energy transfer between species, which makes it possible to establish the real relation or correspondence between the corpuscular and photonic energy equation (E=mc2=hν), i.e. to explain through m the intimate sense of the first equivalence, which explains what νis in the second one. 展开更多
关键词 Standard Model WAVE-PACKET Material Singularity Wave-Particle Dualism Wave Symmetrisation Matter-Wave Energetic Transmutation Quantum Entanglement
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Critical Analysis of the Origins of Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle
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作者 André Michaud 《Journal of Modern Physics》 2024年第6期765-795,共31页
Analysis of the initial stages of the logical process followed by Louis de Broglie in establishing the electron phase wave equation in his 1924 thesis, which triggered the development of Wave Mechanics when Erwin Schr... Analysis of the initial stages of the logical process followed by Louis de Broglie in establishing the electron phase wave equation in his 1924 thesis, which triggered the development of Wave Mechanics when Erwin Schrödinger formalized this concept with his vectorial wave equation. This development was soon followed by Quantum Mechanics, when Schrödinger proved that the Matrix Mechanics independently developed by Werner Heisenberg was equivalent to Wave Mechanics, with both theories leaving room for some degree of uncertainty as to the physical localization of the moving electron. This is what led Heisenberg to also formalize the Uncertainty Principle to take this situation into account. This principle was soon regarded as a fundamental axiomatic principle that seemed to make further exploration of the subatomic level of magnitude appear impossible to most researchers. We will analyze in this article the reason why the phase-wave velocity established by de Broglie generated this uncertainty in the localization of the moving electron in light of the current state of knowledge on the behavior of the electron in motion, in view of establishing the relevance of maintaining the Uncertainty Principle in the study of the subatomic level of magnitude. 展开更多
关键词 Phase Wave Velocity Wave Mechanics Matrix Mechanics Quantum Mechanics Uncertainty Principle
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Ashtekar-Kodama Gravity as a Classical and Quantum Extension of Loop Quantum Gravity
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作者 Jan Helm 《Journal of Modern Physics》 2024年第6期864-937,共74页
This paper presents a new theory of gravity, called here Ashtekar-Kodama (AK) gravity, which is based on the Ashtekar-Kodama formulation of loop quantum gravity (LQG), yields in the limit the Einstein equations, and i... This paper presents a new theory of gravity, called here Ashtekar-Kodama (AK) gravity, which is based on the Ashtekar-Kodama formulation of loop quantum gravity (LQG), yields in the limit the Einstein equations, and in the quantum regime a full renormalizable quantum gauge field theory. The three fundamental constraints (hamiltonian, gaussian and diffeomorphism) were formulated in 3-dimensional spatial form within LQG in Ashtekar formulation using the notion of the Kodama state with positive cosmological constant Λ. We introduce a 4-dimensional covariant version of the 3-dimensional (spatial) hamiltonian, gaussian and diffeomorphism constraints of LQG. We obtain 32 partial differential equations for the 16 variables E<sub>mn</sub> (E-tensor, inverse densitized tetrad of the metric) and 16 variables A<sub>mn</sub> (A-tensor, gravitational wave tensor). We impose the boundary condition: for large distance the E-generated metric g(E) becomes the GR-metric g (normally Schwarzschild-spacetime). The theory based on these Ashtekar-Kodama (AK) equations, and called in the following Ashtekar-Kodama (AK-) gravity has the following properties. • For Λ = 0 the AK equations become Einstein equations, A-tensor is trivial (constant), and the E-generated metric g(E) is identical with the GR-metric g. • When the AK-equations are developed into a Λ-power series, the Λ-term yields a gravitational wave equation, which has only at least quadrupole wave solutions and becomes in the limit of large distance r the (normal electromagnetic) wave equation. • AK-gravity, as opposed to GR, has no singularity at the horizon: the singularity in the metric becomes a (very high) peak. • AK-gravity has a limit scale of the gravitational quantum region 39 μm, which emerges as the limit scale in the objective wave collapse theory of Gherardi-Rimini-Weber. In the quantum region, the AK-gravity becomes a quantum gauge theory (AK quantum gravity) with the Lie group extended SU(2) = ε-tensor-group(four generators) as gauge group and a corresponding covariant derivative. • AK quantum gravity is fully renormalizable, we derive its Lagrangian, which is dimensionally renormalizable, the normalized one-graviton wave function, the graviton propagator, and demonstrate the calculation of cross-section from Feynman diagrams. 展开更多
关键词 Quantum Gravity Loop Quantum Gravity General Relativity Gravitational Wave Gauge Field Theory Graviton Hamiltonian Constraint Gaussian Constraint Diffeomorphism Constraint
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