Thermal Effects of the Tibetan Plateau on Rossby Waves from the Diabatic Quasi-Geostrophic Equations of Motion

From the diabatic quasi-geostrophic equations of motion, the authors analyze the characteristics of diabatic Rossby waves including the thermal effects of the Tibetan Plateau. When the basic zonal flow is barotropic, it is demonstrated that the cooling of the Tibetan Plateau in winter not only facilitates the meridional propagation of Rossby waves but is an important driving mechanism of the intraseasonal oscillations in middle and high latitudes. When the basic zonal flow is baroclinic, it is found that the cooling of the Tibetan Plateau in winter facilitates the instability of Rossby waves, while in summer there is a threshold for the influence of the heating of the Tibetan Plateau on the stability of Rossby waves.

GLOBAL REGULARITY FOR MODIFIED CRITICAL DISSIPATIVE QUASI-GEOSTROPHIC EQUATIONS

We consider the n-dimensional modified quasi-geostrophic（SQG） equations δtθ ＋ u·△↓θ＋kΛ^αθ=0, u = Λ^α-1R^⊥θ with κ 〉 0, α∈（0, 1] and θ0∈ W^1,∞（R^n）. In this paper, we establish a different proof for the global regularity of this system. The original proof was given by Constantin, Iyer, and Wu, who employed the approach of Besov space techniques to study the global existence and regularity of strong solutions to modified critical SQG equations for two dimensional case.The proof provided in this paper is based on the nonlinear maximum principle as well as the approach in Constantin and Vicol.

THE DISSIPATIVE QUASI-GEOSTROPHIC EQUATION IN SPACES ADMITTING SINGULAR SOLUTIONS

This paper studies the Cauchy problem of the dissipative quasi-geostrophic equation in pseudomeasure space PM^n＋1-2α（R^n） or Lorentz space L n/2α-1,∞（R^n）, which admit the singular solutions. The global well-posedness is established provided initial data θ0（x） are small enough in these spaces. Moreover, the asymptotic stability of solutions in pseudomeasure space is proved. In particular, if the initial data are homo-geneous functions of degree 1 - 2α, the self-similar solutions are also obtained.

Global well-posedness for the 2D critical dissipative quasi-geostrophic equation

We study the initial value problem for the 2D critical dissipative quasi-geostrophic equation. We prove the global existence for small data in the scale invariant Besov spaces ? p,1 2/p , 1 ? p ? ∞. In particular, for p = ∞, our result does not impose any regularity on the initial data. Our proofs are based on an exponential decay estimate of the semigroup $e^{{ - t\kappa ( - \Delta )}^{\alpha}} $ and the use of space-time Besov spaces.

Regularity Condition of Solutions to the Quasi-geostrophic Equations in Besov Spaces with Negative Indices

With a Hǒlder type inequality in Besov spaces, we show that every strong solution θ（t, x） on （0, T ） of the dissipative quasi-geostrophic equations can be continued beyond T provided that ⊥θ（t, x） ∈L 2γ/γ-2δ （（0, T ）; B^δ-γ/2 ∞∞（R^2）） for 0 〈 δ 〈 γ/2 .

A Logarithmically Improved Regularity Criterion for the Supercritical Quasi-geostrophic Equations in Besov Space

In this paper, we consider the logarithmically improved regularity criterion for the supercritical quasi-geostrophic equation in Besov space B ∞,∞ -r （R2）. The result shows that if 0 is a weak solutions satisfies ∫ 0 T ｜｜ θ （·,s）｜｜a/a-r B ∞,∞ -r /（1＋ln（e＋｜｜ ⊥（·,s）｜｜ L r2） ds〈∞ for some 0〈r〈a and 0〈a〈1,then θ is regular at t = T. In view of the embedding L 2/r M p 2/r B ∞,∞ -r with 2≤p〈2/r and 0≤r〈1, we see that our result extends the results due to [20] and [31].

Global Well-Posedness and Asymptotic Behavior for the 2D Subcritical Dissipative Quasi-Geostrophic Equation in Critical Fourier-Besov-Morrey Spaces

In this paper,we study the subcritical dissipative quasi-geostrophic equa-tion.By using the Littlewood Paley theory,Fourier analysis and standard techniques we prove that there exists a unique global-in-time solution for small initial data belonging to the critical Fourier-Besov-Morrey spaces FN^(3-2a+(λ-2)/p)_(p,λ,q).Moreover,we show the asymptotic behavior of the global solution v.i.e.||v(t)||FN^(3-2a+(λ-2)/p)_(p,λ,q)decays to zero as time goes to infinity.

On Well-Posedness of 2D Dissipative Quasi-Geostrophic Equation in Critical Mixed Norm Lebesgue Spaces

We establish local and global well-posedness of the 2D dissipative quasigeostrophic equation in critical mixed norm Lebesgue spaces.The result demonstrates the persistence of the anisotropic behavior of the initial data under the evolution of the 2D dissipative quasi-geostrophic equation.The phenomenon is a priori nontrivial due to the nonlocal structure of the equation.Our approach is based on Kato’s method using Picard’s interation,which can be apdated to the multi-dimensional case and other nonlinear non-local equations.We develop time decay estimates for solutions of fractional heat equation in mixed norm Lebesgue spaces that could be useful for other problems.

The Dissipative Quasi-geostrophic Equation in Weak Morrey Spaces

The author studies the Cauchy problem of the dissipative quasi-geostrophic equation in weak Morrey spaces. The global well-posedness is established for any small initial data in the weak space Mp^＊,γ（R^n）, with 1〈p〈∞and A = n-（2α-1）p, and for a small external force in a time-weighted weak Morrey space.

On the Serrin's Regularity Criterion for the β-Generalized Dissipative Surface Quasi-geostrophic Equation

The authors establish a Serrin＇s regularity criterion for the β-generalized dis- sipative surface quasi-geostrophic equation. More precisely, it is shown that if the smooth solution β satisfies

BIOLOGICAL INVASION PROBLEM WITH FREE BOUNDARY NONLOCAL DIFFUSION EQUATION

In order to better describe the phenomenon of biological invasion,this paper introduces a free boundary model of biological invasion.Firstly,the right free boundary is added to the equation with logistic terms.Secondly,the existence and uniqueness of local solutions are proved by the Sobolev embedding theorem and the comparison principle.Finally,according to the relevant research data and contents of red fire ants,the diffusion area and nest number of red fire ants were simulated without external disturbance.This paper mainly simulates the early diffusion process of red fire ants.In the early diffusion stage,red fire ants grow slowly and then spread over a large area after reaching a certain number.

WELL-POSEDNESS AND PEAKON SOLUTIONS FOR A HIGHER ORDER CAMASSA-HOLM TYPE EQUATION

In this paper,we delve into a generalized higher order Camassa-Holm type equation,(or,an ghmCH equation for short).We establish local well-posedness for this equation under the condition that the initial data uo belongs to the Sobolev space H'(R)for some s>2.In addition,we obtain the weak formulation of this equation and prove the existence of both single peakon solution and a multi-peakon dynamic system.

DEEP NEURAL NETWORKS COMBINING MULTI-TASK LEARNING FOR SOLVING DELAY INTEGRO-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Deep neural networks(DNNs)are effective in solving both forward and inverse problems for nonlinear partial differential equations(PDEs).However,conventional DNNs are not effective in handling problems such as delay differential equations(DDEs)and delay integrodifferential equations(DIDEs)with constant delays,primarily due to their low regularity at delayinduced breaking points.In this paper,a DNN method that combines multi-task learning(MTL)which is proposed to solve both the forward and inverse problems of DIDEs.The core idea of this approach is to divide the original equation into multiple tasks based on the delay,using auxiliary outputs to represent the integral terms,followed by the use of MTL to seamlessly incorporate the properties at the breaking points into the loss function.Furthermore,given the increased training dificulty associated with multiple tasks and outputs,we employ a sequential training scheme to reduce training complexity and provide reference solutions for subsequent tasks.This approach significantly enhances the approximation accuracy of solving DIDEs with DNNs,as demonstrated by comparisons with traditional DNN methods.We validate the effectiveness of this method through several numerical experiments,test various parameter sharing structures in MTL and compare the testing results of these structures.Finally,this method is implemented to solve the inverse problem of nonlinear DIDE and the results show that the unknown parameters of DIDE can be discovered with sparse or noisy data.

Well- posedness for the 2D dissipative quasi-geostrophic equations in the Besov space

In this paper, we consider the initial value problem of the 2D dissipative quasi-geostrophic equations. Existence and uniqueness of the solution global in time are proved in the homogenous Besov space Bp,∞ s p with small data when 1 /2<α≤1,2/2α-1< p<∞,sp=2/p-(2α-1). Our proof is based on a new characterization of the homogenous Besov space and Kato's method.

Asymptotic profile of solutions to the two-dimensional dissipative quasi-geostrophic equation

This paper is concerned with the asymptotic behavior of the two-dimensional dissipative quasigeostrophic equation.Based on the spectral decomposition of the Laplacian operator and iterative techniques,we obtain improved L2 decay rates of weak solutions and derive more explicit upper bounds of higher order derivatives of solutions.We also prove the asymptotic stability of the subcritical quasi-geostrophic equation under large initial and external perturbations.

On the Variation of Divergent Flow： An Eddy-flux Form Equation Based on the Quasi-geostrophic Balance and Its Application

Based on basic equations in isobaric coordinates and the quasi-geostrophic balance,an eddy-flux form budget equation of the divergent wind has been derived. This newly derived budget equation has evident physical significance. It can show the intensity of a weather system,the variation of its flow pattern,and the feedback effects from smaller-scale systems(eddy flows). The usefulness of this new budget equation is examined by calculating budgets for the strong divergent-wind centers associated with the South Asian high,and the strong divergence centers over the Tibetan Plateau,during summer(June–August) 2010. The results indicate that the South Asian high significantly interacts with eddy flows. Compared with effects from the mean flow(background circulation),the eddy flows’ feedback influences are of greater importance in determining the flow pattern of the South Asian high. Although the positive divergence centers over the Tibetan Plateau intensify through different mechanisms,certain similarities are also obvious. First,the effects from mean flow are dominant in the rapid intensification process of the positive divergence center. Second,an intense offsetting mechanism exists between the effects associated with the eddy flows’ horizontal component and the effects related to the eddy flows’ convection activities,which weakens the total effects of the eddy flows significantly. Finally,compared with the effects associated with the convection activities of the mean flow,the accumulated effects of the eddy flows’ convection activities may be more favorable for the enhancement of the positive-divergence centers.

Bcklund Transformations and Explicit Solutions of (2+1)-Dimensional Barotropic and Quasi-Geostrophic Potential Vorticity Equation

By the Backlund transformation method, an important （2＋1）-dimensional nonlinear barotropie and quasigeostrophic potential vorticity （BQGPV） equation is investigated. Some simple special Backlund transformation theorems are proposed and used to get explicit solutions of the BQGPV equation. Furthermore, all solutions of a second order linear ordinary differential equation including an arbitrary function can be used to construct explicit solutions of the （2＋1）-dimensional BQGPV equation. Some figures are also given out to describe these solutions.

Continuous Data Assimilation with Blurred-in-Time Measurements of the Surface Quasi-Geostrophic Equation

An intrinsic property of almost any physical measuring device is that it makes observations which are slightly blurred in time. The authors consider a nudging-based approach for data assimilation that constructs an approximate solution based on a feedback control mechanism that is designed to account for observations that have been blurred by a moving time average. Analysis of this nudging model in the context of the subcritical surface quasi-geostrophic equation shows, provided the time-averaging window is sufficiently small and the resolution of the observations sufficiently fine, that the approximating solution converges exponentially fast to the observed solution over time. In particular,the authors demonstrate that observational data with a small blur in time possess no significant obstructions to data assimilation provided that the nudging properly takes the time averaging into account. Two key ingredients in our analysis are additional boundedness properties for the relevant interpolant observation operators and a non-local Gronwall inequality.

A Note on Similarity Reductions of Barotropic and Quasi-geostrophic Potential Vorticity Equation

Applying the classical Lie symmetry approach to the barotropic and quasi-geostrophic potential vorticity equation without forcing and dissipation on a β-plane channel, we find a new symmetry, which is not presented in a previous work [F. Huang, Commun. Theor. Phys. （Beijing, China） 42 （2004） 903]. A general finite transformation group is obtained based on the full Lie point symmetry, Furthermore, two new types of similarity reduction solutions are obtained.

SHARP MORREY REGULARITY THEORY FOR A FOURTH ORDER GEOMETRICAL EQUATION

This paper is a continuation of recent work by Guo-Xiang-Zheng[10].We deduce the sharp Morrey regularity theory for weak solutions to the fourth order nonhomogeneous Lamm-Rivière equation △^{2}u=△(V▽u)+div(w▽u)+(▽ω+F)·▽u+f in B^(4),under the smallest regularity assumptions of V,ω,ω,F,where f belongs to some Morrey spaces.This work was motivated by many geometrical problems such as the flow of biharmonic mappings.Our results deepens the Lp type regularity theory of[10],and generalizes the work of Du,Kang and Wang[4]on a second order problem to our fourth order problems.