Process Reengineering of Cold Chain Logistics of Agricultural Products Based on Low-carbon Economy

Through the process analysis of cold chain logistics of agricultural products,we find that cold chain logistics of agricultural products contradict the development model of low-carbon economy to some extent.We apply the development idea of low-carbon economy,introduce the thirdparty logistics companies,establish distribution center of cold chain logistics of agricultural products,and strengthen information sharing,to reengineer the process of cold chain logistics of agricultural products in China.The results show that applying low-carbon economy to process reengineering of cold chain logistics of agricultural products,has advantages of increasing added value of products,promoting scale merit and abating lag,plays a role in promoting emission reduction,high efficiency and environmental protection in the process of cold chain logistics of agricultural products in China.

Ultralong nitrogen/sulfur Co-doped carbon nano-hollowsphere chains with encapsulated cobalt nanoparticles for highly efficient oxygen electrocatalysis

The development of simple and effective strategies to prepare electrocatalysts,which possess unique and stable structures comprised of metal/nonmetallic atoms for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER),is currently an urgent issue.Herein,an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst featured by ultralong N,S-doped carbon nano-hollow-sphere chains about 1300 nm with encapsulated Co nanoparticles(Co-CNHSCs)is developed.The multifunctional catalytic properties of Co together with the heteroatom-induced charge redistribution(i.e.,modulating the electronic structure of the active site)result in superior catalytic activities toward OER and ORR in alkaline media.The optimized catalyst Co-CNHSC-3 displays an outstanding electrocatalytic ability for ORR and OER,a high specific capacity of 1023.6 mAh gZn^(-1),and excellent reversibility after 80 h at 10mA cm^(-2)in a Zn-air battery system.This work presents a new strategy for the design and synthesis of efficient multifunctional carbon-based catalysts for energy storage and conversion devices.

Effects of Global Value Chain Position on the Carbon Emissions of Manufacturing Industry in China: An Empirical Study Based on the STIRPAT Model

Based on the input-output data from the World Input-Output Database( WIOD),the global value chain( GVC) position of China's manufacturing industry from 2003 to 2014 was calculated,and the relationship between the carbon emissions and global value chain position of China's manufacturing industry was studied based on the improved STIRPAT model. The results show that the improvement of global value chain position could significantly reduce the carbon emissions of China's manufacturing industry. In addition,foreign investment and energy structure hindered the low-carbon development of China's manufacturing industry. The effects of population size and research intensity on the carbon emissions of manufacturing industry were not significant. In the process of participating in the global value chain,China's manufacturing industry should effectively reduce carbon emissions by strengthening environmental regulation,optimizing energy structure and improving production technology.

Pulsed laser ablation in liquid of sp-carbon chains:Status and recent advances

This review provides a discussion of the current state of research on sp-carbon chains synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquid.In recent years,pulsed laser ablation in liquid(PLAL)has been widely employed for polyynes synthesis thanks to its flexibility with varying laser parameters,solvents,and targets.This allows the control of sp-carbon chains properties as yield,length,termination and stability.Although many reviews related to PLAL have been published,a comprehensive work reporting the current status and advances related to the synthesis of sp-carbon chains by PLAL is still missing.Here we first review the principle of PLAL and the mechanisms of formation of sp-carbon chains.Then we discuss the role of laser fluence(i.e.energy density),solvent,and target for sp-carbon chains synthesis.Lastly,we report the progress related to the prolonged stability of sp-carbon chains by PLAL encapsulated in polymeric matrices.This review will be a helpful guide for researchers interested in synthesizing sp-carbon chains by PLAL.

Pricing and decision of carbon emission reduction for closed-loop supply chain considering carbon trading mechanism

To determine the optimal pricing and carbon emission reduction decision, a closed-loop supply chain with a manufacturer and a retailer is investigated. In this system, the manufacturer manufactures new products and remanufactures used products while the retailer is responsible for selling new products and remanufactured products. The profit functions of the manufacturer and the retailer are developed, and the corresponding solution formulae for decision variables are given by the Stackelberg game model. Finally, a numerical example is given, and the optimal wholesale price, retail price, carbon emission reduction and others are obtained. Through the sensitivity of the unit carbon allowance price, some significant managerial insights are derived.

Carbon Footprint in Meat Production and Supply Chains

All human activities, including food production, are potentially sources of greenhouse gases （GHG） emissions. In order to provide a better understanding of how to mitigate the GHG emissions, an inventory based on different beef supply chains in the United Kingdom and in Brazil was carried out. The carbon footprint of the beef systems was calculated based on the life cycle assessment methodology. Total emissions per kg of bone-free meat were calculated at being 33.85, 33.99 and 45.17 kg of CO2e-100/kg for UK1, UK2 and Brazil farm units, respectively. Based on an average potential for carbon sequestration rate at the proportion of 12：44 for C：CO2 conversion for well managed grasslands, there is a potential sequestration of 1,980 kg of CO2/ha/year. This would potentially reduce the total emissions value for the three distinct supply chains the cases ofUKb UK2 and Brazil, respectively. as being 29.4, 28.4 and 25.4 kg C02-e 100/kg of bone-free meat for

Energetics and electronic structure of a single copper atomic chain wrapped in a carbon nanotube:a first-principles study

In the generalized gradient approximation, the energy and electronic structure are investigated for a single copper atomic chain wrapped in （4, 4）, （5, 5） and （6, 6） armchair carbon nanotubes by using the first-principles projector-augmented wave potential within the framework of density functional theory. The results show that the （4, 4） and （5, 5） tubes are too narrow to wrap a Cu chain, but the （6, 6） tube is nearly ideal to wrap a Cu chain on its centre axis. Wider tubes are anticipated to wrap more than one Cu chain spontaneously with forces amounting to a fraction of a nanonewton. Although the tube-chain interaction decreases with the increase of the tube diameter of （4, 4）, （5, 5） and （6, 6） successively, the charge density of the Cu@（6, 6） combined system still does not show complete superposition of that of the pristine （6, 6） tube and Cu chain. Successively reducing the restrictions of （4, 4）, （5, 5） and （6, 6） tubes on the Cu chain leads to a reduction in shift of the highest peak of the Cu chain towards lower energies, that is from -0.5177 eV of the isolated Cu chain to -1.36785 eV, -0.668 eV and -0.588 eV for the Cu@（4, 4）, Cu@（5, 5） and Cu@（6, 6） systems, respectively. In reverse, the strong metallic character of the Cu chain also enhances the metallic character of the combined systems so that the broader pseudogaps of the pristine carbon nanotubes around the Fermi level change into the narrow pseudogaps of the combined systems.

A review of arc-discharge method towards large-scale preparation of long linear carbon chains

Linear carbon chains as new one-dimensional(1D)nanomaterials attract attention for the predicted outstanding properties.However,the high reactivity of linear carbon chains hampers further experimental research.To date,different methods have been developed to synthesize new materials containing linear carbon chains.Among them,the arc-discharge method is a practical way to prepare both finite and infinite linear carbon chains.This review provides a brief discussion of the recent progress in the techniques to prepare carbon chain-based materials and then focuses on the arc-discharge method.The configuration of apparatus,optimal conditions,and the corresponding mechanism of arc-discharge method to prepare long linear carbon chain inside multi-walled carbon nanotubes are summarized in detail.The characterization techniques are introduced to evaluate the quality of products.Moreover,remaining challenges and perspectives are presented for further investigation of long linear carbon chains.

Raman spectroscopy of isolated carbyne chains confined in carbon nanotubes:Progress and prospects

Carbyne is an infinitely long linear chain of carbon atoms with sp1hybridization and the truly one-dimensional allotrope of carbon.While obtaining freestanding carbyne is still an open challenge,the study of confined carbyne,linear chains of carbon encapsulated in carbon nanotubes,provides a pathway to explore carbyne and its remarkable properties in a well-defined environment.In this review,we discuss the basics and recent advances in studying single confined carbyne chains by Raman spectroscopy,which is their primary spectroscopic characterization method.We highlight where single carbyne chain studies are needed to advance our understanding of confined carbyne as a material system and provide an overview of the open questions that need to be addressed and of those aspects currently under debate.

Preparation of Mesoporous ZSM-5 Zeolite under Double Ester Base Long Carbon Chains Organosilane Quaternary Ammonium Salt Template Agent

The pore sizes of traditional zeolites are in the range of0. 3-1. 5 nm,which strongly hinder the diffusion of large reactant and product molecules within the zeolite pores. To compensate for it,we tried to create mesopores in traditional microporous zeolites and retain all advantages of microporous zeolites. Mesoporous Zeolite Socony Mobile-Five( ZSM-5) zeolite was synthesized by a new double ester base long carbon chains organosilane quaternary ammonium salt as the soft template agent in hydrothermal method.The structure of the acquired zeolite crystals was confirmed by fieldemission scanning electron microscopy( FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy( TEM), nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements and X-ray diffraction( XRD),which indicated that their structure had the same characteristics as traditional ZSM-5 zeolites. Compared with traditional ZSM-5 zeolite,there were 4 nm and 15 nm mesopores in the crystal. The prepared hierarchical porous ZSM-5 zeolite was expected to be effective catalytic materials for chemical reactions involving large molecules.

Simple method to rapidly fabricate chain-like carbon nanotube films and its field emission properties

A simple process to fabricate chain-like carbon nanotube （CNT） films by microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition （MPCVD） was developed successfully. Prior to deposition, the Ti/Al2O3 substrates were ground with Fe-doped SiO2 powder. The nano-structure of the deposited films was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, and Raman spectroscopy. The field electron emission characteristics of the chain-like carbon nanotube films were measured under the vacuum of 10-5 Pa. The low turn-on field of 0.80 V/μm and the emission current density of 8.5 mA/cm2 at the electric field of 3.0 V/μm are obtained. Based on the above results, chain-like carbon nanotube films probably have important applications in cold cathode materials and electrode materials.

Dynamic decision and its complex dynamics analysis of low-carbon supply chain considering risk-aversion under carbon tax policy

This study establishes a low-carbon supply chain game model under the centralized decision situation and the decentralized decision situation considering the manufacturer risk-aversion behavior, and discusses the influence of the manufacturer risk-aversion behavior on the optimal decision, profit, coordination, and complex dynamics of the supply chain. We find that comparing with the risk-neutral decentralized decision, the increase of manufacturer's risk tolerance attitude can narrow the gap between the supply chain profit and the centralized decision, but it will further reduce the carbon emission reduction level. The increase of risk tolerance of the manufacturer and carbon tax will narrow the stable region of the system. Under this situation, the manufacturer should carefully adjust parameters to prevent the system from losing stability,especially the adjustment parameters for carbon emission reduction level. When the system is in a chaotic state, the increase of carbon tax rate makes the system show more complex dynamic characteristics. Under the chaotic state, it is difficult for the manufacturer to make correct price decision and carbon emission reduction strategy for the next period, which damages its profit, but increases the profit of the retailer and the supply chain. Finally, the carbon emission reduction cost-sharing contract is proposed to improve the carbon emission reduction level and the supply chain efficiency, achieving Pareto improvement. The stability region of the system is larger than that in the centralized decision situation, but the increase of the cost sharing coefficient will reduce the stability of the system in the decentralized decision-making situation.

Tracking Transfer of Carbon Dioxide Emissions to Countries along the Silk Roads Through Global Value Chains

The Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)has aroused rich discussions about the possible increase in carbon dioxide emission under the arduous global carbon dioxide emission reduction task.Adopting the methods of input-output technique and complex network ana-lysis,we first construct a fairer method to trace carbon dioxide emission transfer based on global value chains,then trace the source of carbon dioxide emission transfer to the Silk Roads countries with a long-term multiple regional input-output database.We find that,first,after the proposal of the BRI,the total direct carbon dioxide emissions of the Silk Roads countries and China’s proportion of carbon dioxide emission transfer to the other Silk Roads countries have both declined.Second,the Silk Roads countries are generally the net receivers of carbon dioxide emission transfer,and the inflow is mainly distributed in Southeast Asian countries and core countries in other sub-regions.Then,the transfer of carbon dioxide emission accepted by the Silk Roads countries comes mostly from large developing countries,such as China,Russia,and India,and developed countries,such as the United States,Japan,and Germany.The products are mainly concentrated in energy and chemical industries,as well as heavy industries,such as mining and quarrying,and metal products.We suggest that,due to the high degree of spatial and industrial concentrations of carbon dioxide emission transfer,it is necessary to make targeted policies for these countries and industries to reduce these transfers.

Stable single helical C-and I-chains inside single-walled carbon nanotubes

The helicity of stable single helical carbon chains and iodine chains inside single-walled carbon nanotubes（SWCNTs）is studied by calculating the systematic van der Waals interaction energy.The results show that the optimal helical radius increases linearly with increasing tube radius,which produces a constant separation between the chain structure and the tube wall.The helical angle exhibits a ladder-like decrease with increasing tube radius,indicating that a large tube can produce a small helicity in the helical structures.

Carbon Footprint across the Coffee Supply Chain： The Case of Costa Rican Coffee

The issue of carbon emissions has been on the corporate sustainability agenda for some years. For those working in agricultural supply chains, the challenges remain significant, given the diverse direct and indirect emissions occurring throughout the value chain. This study determines the carbon footprint of the supply chain of Costa Rican coffee exported to Europe, using best practice methodology to calculate greenhouse gas emissions. Overall, it was found that the total carbon footprint across the entire supply chain is 4.82 kg CO2e kgx green coffee. The carbon footprint of the processes in Costa Rica to produce l km of green coffee is 1.77 kg CO2e. The processes within Europe generate 3.05 kg CO2e kg-1 green coffee. This carbon footprint is considered as ＂very high intensity＂. This paper also identifies the sources of the most intense emission and discusses mitigation possibilities on which efforts must be focused.

Research on Carbon Reduction Strategy of China’s Industrial Chain with the Goal of Carbon Emission Peak and Carbon Neutrality

In order to achieve the development goals of emission peak in 2030 and carbon neutrality in 2060,carbon reduction measures should be implemented in the whole industrial chain.Based on the existing research,the basic logic of carbon reduction in the industrial chain is analyzed,and then the specific strategies for carbon reduction in the industrial chain are proposed,including:reducing the use of fossil energy and vigorously developing the new energy industry;reducing carbon through energy conservation,industrial upgrading,development of circular economy,and application of carbon capture technology;reducing carbon through low-carbon transformation of logistics industry,innovation of trading methods,and promotion of low-carbon green consumption.The external guarantee system for carbon reduction includes the introduction of relevant policies,laws and regulations,and the use of carbon emission trading mechanism.

Carbon Abatement Cost-Sharing Strategy for Electric Power Sector Based on Incentive and Subsidy Mechanisms

The green and low carbon transition and development of the electricity industry is the most crucial task in realizing the“dual-carbon target”,and it is urgent to explore the incentive and subsidy mechanism to promote green electricity consumption and the cost-sharing strategy of carbon reduction,to alleviate the pressure of carbon abatement cost of each subject of the electricity supply chain.Against this background,this paper takes into account the low-carbon subsidies provided by the government and the incentive subsidies for users,and studies the optimal decision-making of each subject in the electricity supply chain,so that each of them can obtain the optimal profit and achieve carbon emission reduction at the same time.Firstly,taking into account the direct power purchase mode of large users and the electricity-selling companies emerging after the reform of the power sales side,we have established a cooperative mechanism for sharing the cost of carbon emission reduction in the electricity supply chain and clarified the relationship between the supply and demand of electricity among the main parties.Subsequently,considering government low-carbon subsidies and user incentive subsidies,the optimal decisionmaking model is established under two scenarios of decentralized and centralized cooperative games in the supply chain,respectively,with the objective of maximizing profits and carbon reduction rates.Solving for the optimal proportion of carbon abatement costs shared by each participant in the electricity supply chain in achieving game equilibrium.Finally,we analyze the role of the government’s low-carbon subsidies,users’incentive subsidies,and other factors on the profit and carbon reduction effect of the electricity industry through the example analysis and further analyze the impact of carbon abatement cost-sharing measures to provide recommendations for the electricity industry to realize low-carbon abatement and make decisions.

The evolution of the cold chain logistics vehicle routing problem:a bibliometric and visualization revie

This paper uses the bibliometric analysis software CiteSpace to examine the current status and evolution of cold-chain logistics vehicle routing problems(CCVRP).7381 relevant articles published in the Web of Science core collection from 2008 to 2024 were analyzed,an in-depth understanding of the publication trends and category distribution were gained.Subsequently,CiteSpace was used to create a scientific knowledge graph and perform visualization analysis.The analysis includes collaboration among authors,countries,and institutions;co-citation analysis of authors,journals,and references;citation burst detection of keywords;and co-citation cluster analysis of references.Based on a deep understanding of current research hotspots,an in-depth discussion of existing research was conducted from three perspectives:optimization objectives,distribution scenarios,and solution algorithms.The results show that CCVRP involves complex factors such as temperature requirements,time window constraints,and multi-objective optimization.These intricate constraints are causing research to become increasingly interdisciplinary and comprehensive.The evolution of hot topics shows that the research directions span multiple fields,from algorithm design to logistics management.This review helps researchers better understand the history,current status,and future development directions of CCVRP research,and provides valuable references and inspiration for academia and practice.

碳政策选择对网络外部性下低碳电商供应链的决策影响研究

低碳经济环境下,中小型制造商为了缓解碳减排资金压力,选择依托电商平台进行线上销售。基于由电商平台主导的低碳电商供应链系统,本文将产品的网络外部性纳入模型,构建了碳交易政策和碳税政策下的供应链决策模型,研究政府和低碳电商供应链“共赢”的最佳碳政策。研究发现:(1)探讨各成员企业的最佳碳政策时,制造商的实际碳排放量与政府碳配额的大小关系是重要的影响因素。当实际碳排放量超过政府规定的碳配额时,若碳交易价格超过一个特定的阈值,碳交易政策的惩罚力度大于碳税政策,此时对于供应链成员和政府而言,实施碳税政策更有利;若碳交易价格小于该阈值,则反之。当实际碳排放量小于政府规定的碳配额时,对供应链成员和政府而言,碳交易政策是最佳碳政策。(2)产品的网络外部性对产品价格、市场需求和供应链成员的利润都有正向作用。这些结论为电商供应链成员在低碳背景下的决策提供了参考。

全球价值链前向嵌入与制造业出口隐含碳排放——兼论数字服务贸易自由化的调节效应

全球价值链分工对贸易隐含碳排放的影响受到学界广泛关注。本文实证检验全球价值链前向嵌入影响出口隐含碳排放的理论机制,进一步分析数字服务贸易自由化的调节效应。研究发现:全球价值链前向嵌入、简单嵌入对出口隐含碳排放的影响呈倒U型,而复杂嵌入具有显著的抑制效应;发达国家与欧洲价值链网络区域全球价值链前向嵌入对出口隐含碳排放的影响呈倒U型,而发展中国家、北美价值链和亚洲价值链网络区域全球价值链前向嵌入具有显著的抑制效应;相对于高技术行业,全球价值链前向嵌入与低技术行业出口隐含碳排放的倒U型关系更为显著。调节效应表明:数字服务贸易自由化提前了全球价值链前向嵌入与出口隐含碳排放倒U型曲线的拐点,该效应在发达国家、欧洲价值链网络区域以及低技术行业中更加明显;数字服务贸易自由化增强了发展中国家、亚洲价值链网络区域以及复杂嵌入的出口减排效应。本文结论对全球价值链视角下中国经济绿色低碳发展具有重要启示。