How to effectively identify glacial sediments, especially Quaternary moraine, has been in dispute for decades. The traditional methods, e.g., sedimentary and geomorphologic ones, are facing challenge in eastern China ...How to effectively identify glacial sediments, especially Quaternary moraine, has been in dispute for decades. The traditional methods, e.g., sedimentary and geomorphologic ones, are facing challenge in eastern China where controversial moraine deposits are dominatingly distributed. Here, for the first time, we introduce the acoustic emission （AE） stress measurement, a kind of historical stress measurement, to identify Quaternary moraine. The results demonstrate that it can be employed to reconstruct stress information of glaciation remaining in gravels, and may shed light on the identification of Quaternary moraine in eastern China. First, we measured the AE stress of gravels of glacial origin that are underlying the Xidatan Glacier, eastern Kunlun Mountains in western China. Second, we calculated the stress according to the actual thickness of the glacier. The almost identical stress values suggest that the glacial gravels can memorize and preserve the overlying glacier-derived aplomb stress. And then we introduce this new approach to the controversial moraine in Mount Lushan, eastern China. The results indicate that the stress is attributed to the Quaternary glacier, and the muddy gravels in the controversial moraine in Mount Lushan are moraine deposits but not others.展开更多
The chloromethylated crosslinked polystyrene with chlorine content of 3.9, 3.7 and 2.7 mmol/g were prepared by chloromethylating crosslinked polystyrene with crosslinkage of 2%, 4% and 5% respectively. The insoluble q...The chloromethylated crosslinked polystyrene with chlorine content of 3.9, 3.7 and 2.7 mmol/g were prepared by chloromethylating crosslinked polystyrene with crosslinkage of 2%, 4% and 5% respectively. The insoluble quaternary ammonium bactericides with quaternary ammonium content of 2.6, 2.5 and 2.2 mmol/g quaterisated resin were prepared by treating the chloromethylated polystyrene with dimethyldodecyl ammonium. It is found that the more crosslinkages in chloromethylated polystyrene, the smaller the pore volume, the less the chlorine content, then the less the ammonium amount in resin and the less antibactericidal activity of the polymer bactericides.展开更多
文摘How to effectively identify glacial sediments, especially Quaternary moraine, has been in dispute for decades. The traditional methods, e.g., sedimentary and geomorphologic ones, are facing challenge in eastern China where controversial moraine deposits are dominatingly distributed. Here, for the first time, we introduce the acoustic emission （AE） stress measurement, a kind of historical stress measurement, to identify Quaternary moraine. The results demonstrate that it can be employed to reconstruct stress information of glaciation remaining in gravels, and may shed light on the identification of Quaternary moraine in eastern China. First, we measured the AE stress of gravels of glacial origin that are underlying the Xidatan Glacier, eastern Kunlun Mountains in western China. Second, we calculated the stress according to the actual thickness of the glacier. The almost identical stress values suggest that the glacial gravels can memorize and preserve the overlying glacier-derived aplomb stress. And then we introduce this new approach to the controversial moraine in Mount Lushan, eastern China. The results indicate that the stress is attributed to the Quaternary glacier, and the muddy gravels in the controversial moraine in Mount Lushan are moraine deposits but not others.
文摘The chloromethylated crosslinked polystyrene with chlorine content of 3.9, 3.7 and 2.7 mmol/g were prepared by chloromethylating crosslinked polystyrene with crosslinkage of 2%, 4% and 5% respectively. The insoluble quaternary ammonium bactericides with quaternary ammonium content of 2.6, 2.5 and 2.2 mmol/g quaterisated resin were prepared by treating the chloromethylated polystyrene with dimethyldodecyl ammonium. It is found that the more crosslinkages in chloromethylated polystyrene, the smaller the pore volume, the less the chlorine content, then the less the ammonium amount in resin and the less antibactericidal activity of the polymer bactericides.
文摘以硬脂酸(STA)、三乙醇胺(TEA)为原料合成织物用阳离子柔软剂,探讨了催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间、反应物配比对酯胺反应进程及单、双、三酯含量的影响;以硫酸二甲酯作为季铵化试剂对季铵化反应进行了优化;采用红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)分析了酯胺及最终产物的结构,同时对合成的柔软剂进行了应用性能研究.确定了酯胺合成的最佳反应条件:n(STA)∶n(TEA)=1.8∶1,反应温度180℃,反应时间5 h,催化剂用量0.15%;季铵化最佳反应条件:n(酯胺)∶n(硫酸二甲酯)=1∶0.9,硫酸二甲酯滴加时间为25 min,反应温度82℃,反应时间5 h.
