Correlation between tobacco and alcohol use and Traditional Chinese Medicine constitutions: an analysis based on a sample from general population of China

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship between smoking and drinking and constitution types from Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)theory.METHODS:The Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire(CCMQ)was used.A sample of 8448subjects from nine provinces and municipalities was chosen from the database of the TCM constitution and health status survey.Constituent ratio and correspondence analysis were used to find the relationship between smoking and drinking and TCM constitution.RESULTS:There was an association between smokinganddrinkingandtheGentleness,phlegm-dampness,and dampness-heat type constitutions.People that did not smoke tobacco or drink alcohol tended to have Yang-deficiency,Yin-deficiency,Qi-depression,Qi-deficiency,special diathesis,orblood-stasis type constitutions.CONCLUSION:There was a significant correlation between tobacco and alcohol use and TCM constitutions.To improve patient health,more attention should be paid to tobacco and alcohol control.

Determination of symptoms associated with hiesho among young females using hie rating surveys

Objective： Hie （cold sensation） is one of the most well-known health complaints in Japan and elsewhere in East Asia. Those who suffer from severe hie are considered to have hiesho （cold disorder）. This study was conducted to determine symptoms associated with hie in young females using a survey consisting of the hie scale and hie diary. Methods： Two hundred and seventy-one participants were included for the analysis. Survey forms were distributed to the participants. Diagnosis of hiesho was determined by using the hie scale. A discriminant score of over -0.38 was considered hiesho. The Short Form-8 Health Survey Standard Version （SF-8） was used to measure health-related quality of life （QOL）. The participants were also asked to respond to the questionnaire evaluating 14 physical and emotional symptoms, utilizing a six-level Likert scale item. Results： The 1st factor （hie factor） was correlated with hie （r= 0.546）, dry mouth （r= 0.332）, lower- extremity edema （r = 0.450）, headrushes （r=0.470）, shoulder stiffness （r = 0.311 ）, headrushes with chills （r = 0.726）, and fatigue （r= 0.359）. Cronbach＇s α of the 1st factor was 0.748, which indicated reliability between the items. When hie factor was the dependent variable, standardized partial regression coefficient was β=-0.387 for physical component score （P 〈 0.001） and β=-0.243 for mental component score （P 〈 0.001 ）. Conclusion： This study indicated that hiesho symptoms among young female adults were associated with bodily pain and general health perceptions of the SF-8 QOL survey.