Cross-Validation of the Turkish Version of the 28-Item Impact of Vision Impairment Profile Test

Purpose: To translate the original 28-item Impact of Vision Impairment Profile into Turkish and to investigate its validity and reliability. Methods: Patients with no limitations to respond and affected by a chronic eye disease including retinitis pigmentosa (RP), age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) and diabetic macular edema which cause low vision were enrolled. The Turkish version of the IVI test was administered to all participants. The linguistic translation followed the international guidelines of forward and backward translation. 256 subjects who had a Snellen visual acuity of 6/12 or worse in the eye with best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) completed the Turkish version of the IVI-28 item. Psychometric evaluation of the Turkish IVI test involved the assessment of internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent and known-groups validity. Results: The mean (±SD) age of the participants was 53.67 ± 17.22 years. There were 256 patients with one of the following conditions: 105 RP (41%), 77 ARMD (30%), 74 DME (29%). Patients with lower visual acuity (VA) had lower index scores than those with higher VA (p = 0.001), which showed a sufficient responsiveness. Conclusion: Statistical analysis showed that Turkish version of the IVI-28 item is a valid and reliable instrument to measure vision-related quality of life (VRQoL) in patients with low vision.

Reproducibility and Validity of a Chinese Food Frequency Questionnaire

Objectives This study was design to develop a semi-quantitative Chinese Food Frequency Questionnaire （FFQ） and to conduct a validation study for the questionnaire. Methods Based on the survey experience in recent years, a new Chinese food frequency questionnaire （FFQ） with 149 items in 17 food categories was developed. A validation study on this new FFQ was conducted in Jiangsu and Beijing of China between 1999 and 2001. The period of study covered 1 year and the FFQ was validated by comparing with data obtained by a six repeated 24-hour recalls for 3 consecutive days, or a totally 18-day 24- hour recall throughout the year. A total of 271 healthy adult subjects were enrolled in the study. Food and nutrient intakes measured by the 18-day dietary recalls and food frequency questionnaires （FFQs） were computed in the National Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety, China CDC using the existing nutrition database. The average daily intake of foods and nutrients over the 18-day recall was used to compare with FFQ1 and FFQ2, which was conducted at the beginning and the end of the year, respectively. All statistical analyses were carried out using SAS software version 6.12.

Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Head and Neck Information Needs Questionnaire for patients with head and neck cancer and their caregivers

Objectives:This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Head and Neck Information Needs Questionnaire(HaNiQ).Methods:The HaNiQ was translated into a Chinese version using internationally recognized forwardand back-translation procedures.The reliability and validity of the HaNiQ were measured using Cronbach’s a coefficient,split-half reliability,exploratory factor analysis,and Pearson correlation analysis.Results:A total of 207 patients in different head and neck cancer(HNC)stages and 174 caregivers completed the Chinese version of the HaNiQ.Internal consistencies varied between good and very well(Cronbach’s α coefficient 0.74-0.90);the split-half coefficient and the content validity index(CVI)of the questionnaire were 83.5%and 83.33%,respectively.The cumulative contribution rates of the 5 subscales in patients with HNCand their caregivers were 62.41%and 61.19%,respectively.However,there are some differences between the Chinese questionnaire for caregiver and the original questionnaire regarding the attribution of items.Items 22,23,and 27 in the Psychosocial subscale of the English version were assigned to the Survivorship subscale in the Chinese version for caregivers.Conclusions:The results demonstrated that the Chinese version of the HaNiQ is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring the information needs of patients with HNC and that of their caregivers.Though the structure of the Chinese versionwas different from the English version for caregivers of HNC patients,the Chinese version of the HaNiQ appears to be reliable and would benefit from further testing.

Design and Research on Reliability-validity for 3S Intraoperative Risk Assessment Scale of Pressure Sore

The reliability and validity of risk assessment scale（RAS） of pressure sore during 3S surgery were investigated. RAS of pressure sore was designed independently during 3S surgery. Five operating room nursing experts were selected to consult and detect face validity. Convenient and purposive sampling of 707 samples was conducted. Cronbach＇s alpha was used to measure content reliability and evaluate the internal consistence of RAS. The structural reliability was investigated by exploratory factor analysis method. The results showed that the content validity index was 0.92, and Cronbach＇s alpha of content reliability was 0.71. Structural validity, detected by Bartlett sphericity test, was 135.3 for 707 samples with the difference being statistically significant（P〈0.01）. KMO value was 0.729. The accumulative variance contribution ratio of common factor was 64.63%. The exploratory factor analysis showed the factor load of every clause was larger than 0.596. It was concluded that RAS of pressure sore for 3S surgery has better validity and reliability, and it could be used for evaluating and screening the high risk patients with pressure sores during surgery in order to efficiently reduce the occurrence of pressure sore during surgery. RAS of pressure sore for 3S surgery is worth to be popularized.

Validation of the Chinese version of Hull airway reflux questionnaire and its application in the evaluation of chronic cough

Objective To validate the effectiveness,repeatability and treatment responsiveness of the Chinese version of Hull airway reflux questionnaire(HARQ),and to determine its clinical value.Methods A standard Chinese version of HARQ was developed by an established translation procedure and its repeatability was assessed in a preliminary study involving 55 untreated patients

Development and evaluation of a Traditional Chinese Medicine syndrome questionnaire for measuring sub-optimal health status in China

OBJECTIVE:Sub-optimal health status(SHS),in which a person's mind and body exists in a low-quality state of being between disease and health,has become a public health problem that cannot be ignored in China.SHS measurement presents a challenge to the academic fields.We developed and evaluated a questionnaire from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) that embodies the features of TCM syndrome diagnosis for measuring SHS in China.METHODS:The construction of the theoretical framework of the questionnaire was based on a literature review,an expert questionnaire survey and group interviews.The subscales and questionnaire items were screened through a pilot study using statistical means and qualitative analysis.Reliability tests that were used included test-retest reliability,Cronbach's α coefficient,split-half reliability;validity tests included content validity,criterion validity,discrimination validity and construct validity.RESULTS:The final questionnaire,the SHSQ-50,included 50 five-class quantifiable items that encompassed nine subscales:liver stagnation syndrome,liver-Qi deficiency syndrome,spleen-Qi deficiency syndrome,liver-fire syndrome,heart-fire syndrome,stomach-fire syndrome,heart-Qi deficiency syndrome,lung-Qi deficiency syndrome and dampness syndrome.Questionnaires were completed by 268 of the 288 SHS subjects(93.0%) and by 86 of the 94 healthy subjects(91.5%).The Cronbach α coefficients,split-half coefficients and stability coefficients ranged from 0.70 to 0.95,0.67 to 0.87 and 0.88 to 0.98,respectively,for the overall scores and subscales.The Wilcoxon rank test showed statistically significant differences in the subscales and overall scores between the SHS group and the healthy group(P<0.01).Twelve factors with an eigenvalue greater than one were extracted by factor analysis and merged into nine factors,for which the cumulative contribution rate was 63.63%.The nine factors were corresponded to the overall structure of the questionnaire.CONCLUSION:The SHSQ-50 is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring TCM syndrome diagnosis of SHS in China.