In the presents work,the authors have carried out a field study of moisture transfer processes in highway subgrades in a cold region during freezing and laboratory experiments on freezing samples of silicified soils u...In the presents work,the authors have carried out a field study of moisture transfer processes in highway subgrades in a cold region during freezing and laboratory experiments on freezing samples of silicified soils used as a capillary barrier.The study showed that the creation of a capillary barrier from an injected solution,blocking the access of groundwater to the freezing zone,will reduce the amount of heaving to permissible values.Based on the results of laboratory studies,an exponential dependence of the relative deformation due to frost heaving on the relative height of soil silicatization in the freezing zone has been established.For creating a capillary barrier in the already existing subgrade,the authors have proposed designs of injection-silicified soils and substantiated the use of such soils.展开更多
Gasoline compression ignition (GCI) is one of the most promising combustion concepts to maintain low pollutant emissions and high efficiency. However, low load combustion stability and firing in cold-start operations ...Gasoline compression ignition (GCI) is one of the most promising combustion concepts to maintain low pollutant emissions and high efficiency. However, low load combustion stability and firing in cold-start operations are two major challenges for GCI combustion. Strategies including negative valve overlap (NVO), advanced injection strategies, fuel reforming, and intake preheating have been proposed in order to solve these difficulties;however, the cold start is still an obstacle. The objective of this work is to study effective methods to achieve GCI engine cold start-up. This work combines NVO, in-cylinder fuel reforming, and intake preheating to achieve quick firing under cold-start conditions and the subsequent warmup conditions. The results show that start of injection (SOI) during the intake stroke yields the best fuel economy, and injection during the compression stroke has the potential to extend the low load limit. Furthermore, SOI during the NVO period grants the ability to operate under engine conditions with cold intake air and coolant. With highly reactive products made by in-cylinder fuel reforming and fast heat accumulation in the combustion chamber, the NVO injection strategy is highly appropriate for GCI firing. An additional assisted technical method, such as intake preheating, is required to ignite the first firing cycle for a cold-start process. With the combination of NVO, in-cylinder fuel reforming, and intake preheating, the GCI engine successfully started within five combustion cycles in the experiment. After the firing process, the engine could stably operate without further intake preheating;thus, this method is appropriate for engine cold-start and warm-up.展开更多
针对甲醇发动机难以形成浓度合适的混合气而造成冷起动困难的问题,以一台应用自主开发的进气道低压空气辅助喷射系统(air assisted port injection,AAPI)的单缸甲醇发动机为研究对象开展试验研究,探究不采用辅助措施通过AAPI喷射实现甲...针对甲醇发动机难以形成浓度合适的混合气而造成冷起动困难的问题,以一台应用自主开发的进气道低压空气辅助喷射系统(air assisted port injection,AAPI)的单缸甲醇发动机为研究对象开展试验研究,探究不采用辅助措施通过AAPI喷射实现甲醇高雾化对甲醇发动机冷起动的影响及规律。试验表明AAPI明显加快了甲醇发动机冷起动前可燃混合气的形成速率。AAPI甲醇发动机着火前过量空气系数λ的平均变化率值和峰值变化率分别是普通喷射方式的3.2倍和2.26倍。点火时刻对AAPI甲醇发动机冷起动影响较大,为使AAPI甲醇发动机的冷起动性能最优,需配合合适的点火时刻,试验条件下最佳点火时刻为活塞压缩上止点前20°。AAPI甲醇发动机的冷起动性能受环境温度影响较大,随着环境温度的降低,甲醇发动机冷起动时间增长;不采用辅助措施,AAPI甲醇发动机在5℃时能实现可靠冷起动。展开更多
为深入研究多孔高压汽油直喷(gasoline direct injection,GDI)喷射器在冷喷射和闪蒸条件下的喷雾特性,选用GDI喷油器,自制高压喷油控制系统,搭建了喷雾定容室试验平台,对3种典型闪蒸条件下的喷雾特性进行了燃油喷射过程实时控制试验,研...为深入研究多孔高压汽油直喷(gasoline direct injection,GDI)喷射器在冷喷射和闪蒸条件下的喷雾特性,选用GDI喷油器,自制高压喷油控制系统,搭建了喷雾定容室试验平台,对3种典型闪蒸条件下的喷雾特性进行了燃油喷射过程实时控制试验,研究了不同喷射压力下乙醇汽油闪蒸喷雾的二维宏观形态和三维空间结构的演变特征。结果表明:闪蒸喷雾的结构主要由环境压力和燃油温度决定;较低的大气压力与较高的燃料温度都会加速闪蒸过程;较高的喷射压力使喷射过程更快、喷雾穿透延长、坍塌程度降低,较低的喷射压力使喷射过程的尖端穿透力较高。得出结论:通过揭示多孔GDI喷射器的闪蒸喷雾的形成规律,可为改善车用发动机性能提供技术参考。展开更多
文摘In the presents work,the authors have carried out a field study of moisture transfer processes in highway subgrades in a cold region during freezing and laboratory experiments on freezing samples of silicified soils used as a capillary barrier.The study showed that the creation of a capillary barrier from an injected solution,blocking the access of groundwater to the freezing zone,will reduce the amount of heaving to permissible values.Based on the results of laboratory studies,an exponential dependence of the relative deformation due to frost heaving on the relative height of soil silicatization in the freezing zone has been established.For creating a capillary barrier in the already existing subgrade,the authors have proposed designs of injection-silicified soils and substantiated the use of such soils.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91641203, 51476114, and 91741119)he National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFB0103400).
文摘Gasoline compression ignition (GCI) is one of the most promising combustion concepts to maintain low pollutant emissions and high efficiency. However, low load combustion stability and firing in cold-start operations are two major challenges for GCI combustion. Strategies including negative valve overlap (NVO), advanced injection strategies, fuel reforming, and intake preheating have been proposed in order to solve these difficulties;however, the cold start is still an obstacle. The objective of this work is to study effective methods to achieve GCI engine cold start-up. This work combines NVO, in-cylinder fuel reforming, and intake preheating to achieve quick firing under cold-start conditions and the subsequent warmup conditions. The results show that start of injection (SOI) during the intake stroke yields the best fuel economy, and injection during the compression stroke has the potential to extend the low load limit. Furthermore, SOI during the NVO period grants the ability to operate under engine conditions with cold intake air and coolant. With highly reactive products made by in-cylinder fuel reforming and fast heat accumulation in the combustion chamber, the NVO injection strategy is highly appropriate for GCI firing. An additional assisted technical method, such as intake preheating, is required to ignite the first firing cycle for a cold-start process. With the combination of NVO, in-cylinder fuel reforming, and intake preheating, the GCI engine successfully started within five combustion cycles in the experiment. After the firing process, the engine could stably operate without further intake preheating;thus, this method is appropriate for engine cold-start and warm-up.
文摘针对甲醇发动机难以形成浓度合适的混合气而造成冷起动困难的问题,以一台应用自主开发的进气道低压空气辅助喷射系统(air assisted port injection,AAPI)的单缸甲醇发动机为研究对象开展试验研究,探究不采用辅助措施通过AAPI喷射实现甲醇高雾化对甲醇发动机冷起动的影响及规律。试验表明AAPI明显加快了甲醇发动机冷起动前可燃混合气的形成速率。AAPI甲醇发动机着火前过量空气系数λ的平均变化率值和峰值变化率分别是普通喷射方式的3.2倍和2.26倍。点火时刻对AAPI甲醇发动机冷起动影响较大,为使AAPI甲醇发动机的冷起动性能最优,需配合合适的点火时刻,试验条件下最佳点火时刻为活塞压缩上止点前20°。AAPI甲醇发动机的冷起动性能受环境温度影响较大,随着环境温度的降低,甲醇发动机冷起动时间增长;不采用辅助措施,AAPI甲醇发动机在5℃时能实现可靠冷起动。
文摘为深入研究多孔高压汽油直喷(gasoline direct injection,GDI)喷射器在冷喷射和闪蒸条件下的喷雾特性,选用GDI喷油器,自制高压喷油控制系统,搭建了喷雾定容室试验平台,对3种典型闪蒸条件下的喷雾特性进行了燃油喷射过程实时控制试验,研究了不同喷射压力下乙醇汽油闪蒸喷雾的二维宏观形态和三维空间结构的演变特征。结果表明:闪蒸喷雾的结构主要由环境压力和燃油温度决定;较低的大气压力与较高的燃料温度都会加速闪蒸过程;较高的喷射压力使喷射过程更快、喷雾穿透延长、坍塌程度降低,较低的喷射压力使喷射过程的尖端穿透力较高。得出结论:通过揭示多孔GDI喷射器的闪蒸喷雾的形成规律,可为改善车用发动机性能提供技术参考。
