Where are You Going,Philosophy, and What are Your Methods?

The viability of philosophy as a genuine field of knowledge has been challenged time and again.Some have challenged“traditional”philosophy,or what was considered“traditional philosophy”at a given time;others have challenged philosophy in general.But there has been considerable progress in philosophical methodology in the 20th-and 21st-centuries.In this paper I raise challenges to some of the current misconceptions of analytic philosophy,and I propose constructive methodological solutions.

论概念的起源

概念的起源是概念理论的根本问题,福多的极端先天论质疑概念学习会陷入循环困境;卡莱利用奎因式自举学习法解释新表征的来源问题,回避恶性循环;瑞则通过比较拉姆塞语句来批评卡莱的方案依旧无法解释表征为何增加。文章分析,不论是福多还是卡莱都坚持概念原子论,循环不可能避免。因此,我们应该给概念"松绑",即概念具有分子结构,绝大部分概念来源于学习而非先天,学习就是由于强化练习而产生的概念库存的相对持久的变化,该变化正是对概念内容不断重塑的结果。