Correlation Analysis between Well-cellar Early Transplanting of Robust Seedlings and Diseases in Shiyan Tobacco-growing Area

[Objectives]The paper was to investigate the relationship between the well-cellar early transplanting of robust seedlings and the prevalence of diseases in the Shiyan tobacco-growing area.[Methods]The relationship between disease occurrence and meteorological factors during the field growth period was examined by analyzing the prevalence of flue-cured tobacco virus diseases,brown spot,and total disease in the Shiyan tobacco-growing area before(2013-2017)and after(2018-2022)the well-cellar early transplanting of robust tobacco seedlings.[Results]The implementation of a well-cellar early transplanting technique of robust seedlings resulted in a reduction in the average incidence of tobacco virus disease,brown spot,and total disease by 0.83%,8.85%,and 7.91%,respectively,in comparison to the incidence observed prior to early transplanting.These findings suggest that early transplanting can significantly reduce the incidence of flue-cured tobacco diseases.Prior to the well-cellar early transplanting of robust tobacco seedlings,there was a significant(including highly significant)positive correlation between the incidence of brown spot and total disease and precipitation in August and September.The incidence of brown spot and total disease in tobacco plants was found to be significantly positively correlated with May precipitation and significantly negatively correlated with May sunshine hours following the well-cellar early transplanting of robust seedlings.The advancement of the transplanting period by 20 d resulted in a reduction in the growing period of tobacco plants in the field under autumn rains(late August to November)in western China.This effectively circumvented the suitable conditions for disease occurrence and can reduce the incidence of disease.[Conclusions]This study offers a framework for enhancing the quality and efficiency of flue-cured tobacco production in the northwest tobacco-growing area of Hubei.

The Distribution Characteristics of Soil pH Values of Tobacco-growing Areas in Dali City and Its Correlation with Soil Nutrients

[Objective] The aim was to study the distribution characteristics of soil pH values and its correlation with soil nutrients in tobacco-growing areas. [Method] Soil nutrients of 43 samples from tobacco-growing areas in Dali City were analyzed.[Results] The results showed that average pH value of tobacco-planting soil in Dali City was 6.52, soil samples which suited for flue-cured tobacco cultivation accounted for 72.09% of total soil samples. In four soil types of tobacco-growing areas, the pH values in a descending order were as follows： alluvial soil〉 paddy soil 〉purple soil〉 red soil. At the altitude range of 1 780-2 200 m, soil pH values showed a gradual decreasing trend. The average contents of soil organic matters were relatively abundant and generally suited for high-quality tobacco cultivation; the average contents of soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium were generally at medium and abundant level, however,their rations under the medium level in some tobacco-growing areas were 6.98%,11.63%, 2.33% and 4.65%, respectively; moreover, soil with lower available potassium contents occupied a large proportion, namely 58.14%. [Conclusion] Soil pH values had significant correlation with exchangeable magnesium and exchangeable magnesium, however, they had no significant correlation with other soil nutrients.

Biodiversity Risk and Opportunity Assessment in BAT Cooperative Tobacco-growing Areas

Using the method in Biodiversity Risk and Opportunity Assessment Handbook of British American Tobacco Biodiversity Partnership,we assess biodiversity risks and opportunities in BAT and China's cooperative tobacco-growing areas. The assessment results indicate that there are 8 risks and 1 opportunity. Action and monitoring plans have been made for medium and high risks as well as opportunity,to reduce impact on biodiversity.

Study on the Sustainable Development of the Tobacco-growing Area in South Anhui

Based on the actual situation of tobacco production in South Anhui tobacco-growing area,the paper analyzes several major constraints,and discusses several aspects such as tobacco production human resources,production of large-scale cultivation,science and technology service providers,the standardized production management and production security system. The countermeasures and suggestions for sustainable development are also put forward to provide a reference for the sustainable development of tobacco-growing area in South Anhui.

Risk Regionalization of Low-temperature Disasters for Flue-cured Tobacco Planting in Qujing Area Based on GIS

There is a prominent,complex and diverse three-dimensional climate and a variety of meteorological disasters in Qujing area. The risk zoning of low-temperature disasters for flue-cured tobacco planting in Qujing area was studied to provide reference for drawing on advantages and avoiding disadvantages in flue-cured tobacco planting,disaster reduction,and disaster relief services. According to the production practice of fluecured tobacco and local climate analysis,it was determined that flue-cured tobacco in Qujing area was very vulnerable to low temperature during the seedling stage（ from early February to middle April） and in the mature period（ from early July to early September）. Based on the quantitative analysis and evaluation of risk of disaster-causing factors,sensitivity of disaster-breeding environment,vulnerability of carriers,and disaster prevention and reduction capability,a risk assessment model of meteorological disasters was established to precisely evaluate and zone the risk of low-temperature disasters for flue-cured tobacco planting in allusion to the seedling and mature stage in Qujing area by using GIS technology. The risk of lowtemperature disasters for flue-cured tobacco planting during the two periods was divided into four grades,namely low,medium,high and very high risk.

曲靖市中大型农用拖拉机排放清单与空间分布研究

为了解中国高原地区农用拖拉机排放状况,加强大气污染物的管控,利用车载排放测试系统(PEMS)对曲靖市中大型农用拖拉机实际工况下的尾气排放情况进行了测试,建立了2021年曲靖市中大型农用拖拉机大气污染物及温室气体排放清单。结果显示,2021年曲靖市中大型农用拖拉机氮氧化物(NO_(x))、CO、CO_(2)、碳氢化合物(HC)排放量分别是3657.165、797.601、175566.573、115.911 t。空间分布结果显示,曲靖市高排放区域主要是农业发达、耕地宽广、农民收入水平相对较高的陆良县、马龙区和宣威市;而城镇化程度较高的主城区麒麟区和地区经济状况较差的会泽县排放水平较低。为尽可能降低排放清单的不确定性,后续工作应针对不同车龄的大型农用拖拉机进行调研和测试,建立本地化排放因子数据库,为曲靖市和其他高原地区空气质量模拟预测与污染治理决策提供数据基础和科学支撑。

曲靖地区女性阴道分泌物常规与生化检测结果分析

目的探讨阴道分泌物常规联合生化五项检测的临床价值。方法收集曲靖市第一人民医院2019年9月-2022年12月共48107例妇科门诊患者的阴道分泌物常规与生化检测结果,分析该地区女性阴道微生态现状及影响因素。结果48107例阴道分泌物标本中,正常清洁度(I~II度)占43.25%、异常清洁度(III~IV度)占56.75%;滴虫检出971例(2.02%),检出真菌4401例(9.15%),检出线索细胞3120例(6.49%),同时检出滴虫和真菌11例,同时检出滴虫和线索细胞62例,同时检出真菌和线索细胞242例。不同年龄组间滴虫、真菌、线索细胞、白细胞、阴道杆菌、球菌、上皮细胞和清洁度差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同季节间真菌、线索细胞的检出率差异也有统计学意义(P<0.05)。滴虫检出率无季节差异(P>0.05)。过氧化氢、唾液酸苷酶、白细胞酯酶、β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶、凝固酶阳性率分别为76.08%、11.19%、42.24%、0.80%、31.57%。不同清洁度间生化五项指标差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论曲靖地区女性阴道分泌物病原体检出率较高,常规联合生化检测可提高阴道炎诊断准确率,加强女性尤其低龄和围绝经期女性的健康指导与生殖道感染监测,意义重大。

曲靖烟区适宜“利群”品牌需求的烤烟新品种筛选与评价

为在曲靖烟区筛选出适宜“利群”品牌需求的烤烟新品种,2021年在曲靖烟区开展了烤烟品种对比试验,分析比较了烤烟各品种生育期、农艺性状、发病情况、经济性状、外观质量、化学成分及感官质量等性状。结果表明,云烟121产量、产值分别比云烟87增加13.33%和15.97%,综合抗病性较好,在农业生产中应用前景好,原烟化学成分较协调,感官质量接近云烟87。通过栽培技术的进一步优化,云烟121在曲靖烟区可以作为适宜“利群”品牌需求的烤烟新品种。

曲靖市植烟土壤有效锌含量状况及与土壤因素的关系分析

研究了曲靖烟区土壤有效锌的分布状况及其与土壤类型、土壤质地与机械组成、pH、有机质的关系。结果表明:(1)曲靖烟区土壤有效锌含量较高,平均为4.37±8.45 mg/kg,变幅为0.05～194.19 mg/kg,变异系数高达193.09%,少部分烟区存在缺锌状况;(2)土壤有效锌含量随海拔升高、有机质含量增加而增大,随土壤粘粒含量增加、pH值升高呈现抛物线趋势;(3)不同土壤类型有效锌含量表现为:红壤>新积土>水稻土>石灰岩土>黄壤>酸性紫色土。

曲靖烟区烤烟铅、铬、汞含量及其与土壤环境因子的相关性

在云南省曲靖市各植烟县采集代表性植烟土壤和烟叶样品各96个,测定了样品的铅、铬、汞含量,并分析了烟叶铅、铬、汞含量与土壤环境因子的相关性。结果表明:曲靖烟区烤烟铅、铬、汞平均含量分别为4.15,1.78和0.050mg/kg,均处于较低水平;土壤中铅、铬、汞含量符合国家土壤环境质量2级的样点数分别达到98.96%,100%和94.79%,土壤重金属含量状况良好;植烟土壤pH适宜,有机质含量丰富,氮素、钾素含量较高,磷素含量适中。烟叶中铅、铬、汞的含量与土壤中的含量存在直接关系,与土壤pH负相关,与土壤有机质含量正相关。

云南曲靖不同海拔烟区土壤和烟叶硼含量的分布状况及相关性

通过对云南曲靖烟区不同海拔植烟土壤有效硼和对应的烤烟硼含量的分析研究,得出该区土壤和烟叶中硼素分布的基本状况,在此基础上研究了土壤有效硼对烟叶硼含量的影响,并对不同海拔烟区的土壤有效硼含量和烟叶硼含量的分布特点进行了研究。结果表明：（1）曲靖植烟土壤有效硼平均含量基本处于适宜范围,平均为（0.46±0.25）mg/kg,但变幅较大（0.01~3.31 mg/kg）;其中37.19%的土壤样本存在不同程度的缺硼（≤0.40 mg/kg）或硼含量偏高（〉1.0 mg/kg）,该地区能够满足优质烟叶正常生长发育所需的土壤有效硼含量土壤占62.81%,其余土壤需对硼素进行适当调整;（2）曲靖烟区烟叶的硼含量平均为（24.06±11.09）mg/kg,变幅为3.22~66.44 mg/kg,有81.42%的烟叶样本硼含量在10.00~40.00 mg/kg范围内;（3）研究表明烟叶的硼含量与土壤有效硼含量间呈极显著正相关关系;（4）在曲靖地区土壤有效硼和烟叶硼含量均表现出随海拔高度降低而逐渐降低的变化趋势,特别是在1300~1500 m的海拔范围内表现得尤为明显。

曲靖烟区生态条件及烟叶化学成分分析

分析了云南省曲靖烟区气候因素、土壤养分状况及所产烟叶化学成分特点,结果表明:曲靖烟区具有无霜期长,大于10℃积温高,大田期气温适宜,日照充足,降雨充沛等特点。植烟土壤养分含量存在较大的变异;pH值适宜,有机质含量丰富,具有较强的保肥能力;氮、钾含量较高,速效磷含量丰缺各半;多数中微量元素含量丰富,但钙镁比、钾钙比不合理,影响了烟株对镁和钾的吸收利用,且有效硼、有效钼含量偏低,应注意追施硼肥和钼肥。曲靖烟叶两糖含量较高,总氮、烟碱含量适中,钾、氯含量不高,组成比例协调,基本符合优质烟叶标准。

不同海拔高度植烟土壤有效钙镁的分布状况--以云南曲靖烟区为例

为探明不同海拔高度植烟土壤有效Ca、Mg的差异和分布状况,采集了2552个曲靖烟区1300～2300m海拔高度土壤样品,利用数理统计和地统计学方法对其有效Ca、Mg进行了研究。结果表明:曲靖烟区土壤有效Ca、Mg含量平均为2640.86mg/kg、314.26mg/kg。中海拔地区土壤有效Ca含量最高,低与较低海拔地区土壤有效Ca含量适宜,高与较高海拔地区土壤有效Ca含量处于低水平范围内。随着海拔高度的增加,土壤有效Mg含量递减。低与较低海拔地区土壤有效Mg含量过高,其他地区适宜。土壤有效Ca、Mg含量与海拔高度呈极显著负相关。较低和低海拔地区土壤Ca/Mg比值显著低于其他地区,中海拔地区Ca/Mg比值最大。土壤有效Ca与有效P呈极显著负相关,与其他土壤养分指标呈极显著正相关,有效Mg与碱解N、有效P呈显著负相关,与其他土壤养分呈极显著正相关。曲靖烟区土壤有效Ca含量从东往西逐渐下降,有效Mg则是南北高,中间低,Ca/Mg比值在东部地区较大,而南北部地区和西部地区较小。

曲靖烟区土壤养分状况的综合评价

[目的]明确曲靖烟区土壤养分状况,为优质烟叶的生产提供理论依据。[方法]从云南省曲靖市9个县(市)的植烟区采集340个土壤样品,采用因子分析法和模糊数学隶属度函数模型对曲靖市植烟土壤状况进行综合评价。[结果]曲靖烟区土壤肥力存在广泛变异,其土壤肥力指标(SFI)值平均为0.671,变幅为0.311～0.900,变异系数为14.57%。根据SFI值的大小将全市土壤肥力分为高、较高、中等、较低和低5个等级,中等肥力以上占99.12%,其中高和较高等级肥力的土壤分别占10%和67.94%。[结论]曲靖市烟区的综合肥力指标较高,高和较高综合肥力指标的土样占总土样的77.94%,但土壤有机质、碱解氮含量偏高,全磷、全钾和有效镁含量偏低,严重缺硼,建议曲靖烟区在平衡施肥时要注意控制氮肥,补充镁肥,增施硼肥。

曲靖烟区海拔高度分布特点及其与土壤养分的关系

分析了云南省曲靖市主产烟区9个县96个乡镇1778个土壤样品养分的含量特征，并在此基础上探讨了其与海拔高度的关系。结果表明：曲靖烟区植烟田海拔多位于1300～2400m，平均海拔为（1929．03±168．78）m，海拔变化较大，变幅为1322～2380m。海拔高度与土壤有机质、有效锰、有效硼、有效硫呈极显著正相关；与碱解氮呈显著正相关；与pH、全磷、全钾、速效磷、速效钾、有效钙、有效镁呈极显著负相关；与全氮间相关关系不显著。海拔高度与土壤养分关联度大小排序前3位分别为pH、碱解氮和全氮。随着海拔高度的增加，土壤有效锰、有效硼、有效硫的含量呈递增趋势；pH、速效磷、速效钾和有效镁含量逐渐降低。

云南曲靖地区下寒武统筇竹寺组页岩气成藏地质条件及有利区预测

基于野外地质调查、岩心观测、地球化学分析、含气量现场解吸等技术手段,深入分析了云南曲靖地区下寒武统筇竹寺组页岩气形成与富集条件。研究认为该区筇竹寺组沉积期为浅水陆棚环境,黑色泥页岩厚度237~363 m,成熟度较高,平均R_o为3.06%,TOC多数大于2.0%;页岩中石英含量平均为53.18%,碳酸盐矿物含量平均为18.82%,储集空间以泥页岩微裂缝、粒间孔、粒内孔和有机孔为主;区域具有较好的页岩气勘探潜力。根据多口钻井现场解吸气量较低的特征,推断保存条件是曲靖地区页岩气富集的关键,马龙为页岩气勘探远景区。

曲靖烟区土壤磷锌互作对烟叶磷锌含量和品质的影响

利用田间调查采样及室内测定分析方法,分析了云南省曲靖市中海拔红壤烟区648个代表性烟田的土壤有效磷、有效锌含量及其互作对烟叶磷、锌含量和其品质的影响。结果表明:(1)土壤有效磷含量介于0.96~101.28 mg/kg,平均为31.34 mg/kg,35.80%的土样有效磷处于烤烟生长适宜范围(20~40 mg/kg);土壤有效锌含量丰富,介于0.20~23.68 mg/kg,平均为3.01 mg/kg,74.69%的土样有效锌含量处于烤烟生长适宜范围(1~4 mg/kg);(2)烟叶磷含量处于中等偏低水平,平均为1.9 g/kg,95.22%的烟样符合烟叶磷含量一般范围(1.5~6.0 g/kg);烟叶锌含量较高,平均为46.12 mg/kg,94.29%的烟样处于烟叶锌含量一般范围(20~80 mg/kg);(3)烟叶锌含量随土壤有效锌含量的升高而显著增加,随土壤有效磷含量的升高而降低;而烟叶磷含量与土壤有效磷和有效锌含量之间的关系不明显;(4)土壤有效磷和有效锌含量的交互作用对烟叶磷含量无显著影响,但对烟叶锌含量存在极显著影响,高含量的土壤有效磷会拮抗烟株对土壤有效锌的吸收;(5)土壤有效磷对烟叶品质影响较小,而土壤有效锌含量与烟叶化学成分及香气物质含量的相关性较密切。在土壤有效锌含量处于中低(<2.0 mg/kg)水平,而土壤磷含量处于中等适宜(20~40 mg/kg)水平时,烟叶品质表现最好。

游客感知“灰度区”的旅游形象策划初探——兼曲靖市旅游形象策划

本文从游客对旅游形象感知的角度 ,提出了游客感知“灰度区”与游客感知“光环区”的概念 ,分析了“灰度区”旅游形象开发的必要性与可行性 ,并对“灰度区”旅游形象策划进行了一种模式探讨———旅游产品的形象整合模式。从潜在游客对“灰度区”的心理感知分析入手 ,针对旅游产品的形象整合模式的内涵 ,探讨了其操作过程及技巧。最后 ,以曲靖市为例 ,作了游客感知“灰度区”旅游形象策划实例分析。

曲靖烟区土壤养分的空间分布特征研究

为了解曲靖烟区土壤养分含量的分布状况,采集和分析了曲靖市2 560份土壤样品,并利用地统计学方法对其养分含量进行了研究。结果表明:曲靖大部分地区植烟土壤偏酸性,会泽西部、麒麟区中部土壤偏碱;有机质含量丰富,除会泽北部外,其他地方含量均超过2.25%;碱解氮含量总体偏低,平均为120.28 mg/kg;速效磷含量较高,从东往西明显升高,各县差异较大;速效钾含量从东南向西北有下降的趋势;全氮含量较适宜,由东往西有下降的趋势;全磷含量在宣威、罗平、师宗分布适宜,其它地区含量均偏低;全钾含量从东往西升高,会泽西部、马龙沾益交界处含量适宜,宣威南部、沾益富源交界处含量过低。

不同专业化烘烤模式探索——以曲靖烟区为例

为筛选适合不同生产条件的烤烟专业化烘烤模式,2009年对云南曲靖市现行的不同烘烤组织形式(烘烤服务中心,大户烘烤,散户烘烤)的经济效益、烤烟外观质量和评吸质量、能耗、成本等进行了对比。结果表明:专业化烘烤模式之间的纯收入存在显著差异,烘烤服务中心的纯收入达到2.27×104元/hm2,且烤后烟叶的外观质量最好,所得分值最高,为52.5分。服务中心和大户的烘烤烟叶常规化学成分含量无明显区别,但各类致香物质含量以服务中心为好,评吸质量最优;烘烤各环节的用工以服务中心最低,为19.63个/hm2;服务中心的煤耗和电耗最低,分别为每千克干烟1.58 kg和0.38 kW-h;烘烤总成本以烘烤大户最低,为3 276.32元/hm2,专业化烘烤模式与散户烘烤之间的差异达到显著水平。