How R&D investment promotes green technology innovation in the context of digitalization?-An empirical analysis based on provincial panel data

Green technology innovation is an important driving force and source to promote my country’s high-quality development,and it is the core path to achieve sustainable development.This paper uses my country’s provincial panel data from 2016 to 2019 to study the impact mechanism of R&D investment on green technology innovation,and introduces the level of digitization,using the panel threshold model to discuss its role in the impact mechanism of R&D investment on green technology innovation.The study found that when the level of digitalization in a region is low,increasing R&D investment does not necessarily improve the ability of green technology innovation;when the level of digitalization is relatively high,R&D investment has a positive role in promoting green technology innovation.Therefore,it is necessary to improve policies to encourage enterprises to increase investment in research and development;at the same time,it is necessary to promote the coordinated development of digital foundation,digital investment,digital literacy,digital economy and digital application,and promote the deep integration of digitalization and green technology innovation.

Research on the Threshold Effect of China’s Pharmaceutical Export Trade on Internal and External R&D Investment

Objective To study the threshold effect of export trade on internal and external R&D investment in China’s pharmaceutical industry,and to provide reference for some pharmaceutical enterprises to improve the investment.Methods The panel data of pharmaceutical industry in 25 provinces and cities in China from 2009 to 2019 were selected to conduct empirical analysis by establishing a threshold regression model,and a better export trade interval was obtained.Results and Conclusion There is a threshold value for the effect of new product export on both internal and external R&D expenditures,and the threshold values are 845.2788 million yuan and 318.4198 million yuan,respectively.There is a single threshold effect of export trade on both internal and external R&D investment in China’s pharmaceutical industry,and the effect of export trade on internal and external R&D investment changes from negative to positive as the export trade develops from low to high.

Socio-economic and energy-environmental impacts of technological change on China's agricultural development under the carbon neutrality strategy

Promoting agricultural modernisation through technological change is an important strategy for China.China's carbon neutrality strategy is leading to systemic socio-economic changes that could exacerbate the uncertainty of agricultural development.Therefore,applying a computable general equilibrium(CGE)model,this study characterises the agricultural sector in detail,introducing endogenous technological change proxied by research and development(R&D)to assess the impact of different technological change scenarios on agricultural development under the carbon neutrality target.The results show that allocating carbon revenue for R&D inputs can mitigate the significant negative impact of achieving carbon neutrality on knowledge capital and production in agricultural sectors.Overall,using carbon revenue only for R&D input in crop sectors has the optimal effect on increasing the agricultural sectors'knowledge capital,improving crop production and profit,reducing crop external dependence and promoting the synergistic reduction of carbon and pollutant emissions.However,this scenario has the largest negative impact on macro-economics and household welfare.In contrast,allocating carbon revenue to promote technological change in broader non-energy sectors or both crops and non-energy sectors can effectively mitigate negative socio-economic impacts,but the positive impact on agricultural development is minimal.These findings provide practical insights for the rational use of carbon revenue to expand agricultural R&D investment and ensure balanced agricultural and economic development under the carbon neutrality target.

Effects of investment on energy intensity:evidence from China

This article explores the effects of investment upon energy intensity by applying a unique panel data of China's 27 provinces between 2004 and 2013.In addition,it also particularly stuthes other factors,such as energy price,economic structure,and urbanization.The results,based on four econometric regression model results,suggest that in general,the indigenous investment on research and development is a more powerful tool to decrease China's energy intensity regardless of region disparity.The foreign direct investment(FDI) has a prominent but not persistent effect on energy intensity.However,the outward direct investment has not shown its significant impact on energy intensity.At the level of an aggregate economy and China's eastern region,the results demonstrate that FDI improves energy efficiency significantly.For the central and western provinces,FDI does not support the similar conclusion.Based on these analyses,we present the corresponding regional policies for policymakers.

Research on the Relationship between Export Orientation and R&D Investment of China’s Pharmaceutical Industry in Different Regions

Objective To study the relationship between export orientation and research and development(R&D)investment so as to provide suggestions and references for improving the R&D investment level and innovation capabilities of pharmaceutical industry due to the progress of globalization and the continuous development of export trade of China’s pharmaceutical industry.Methods The relevant data of China’s pharmaceutical industry from 2001 to 2016 was selected to establish an error correction model based on the co-integration theory,and then the Granger causality test was conducted to determine the relationship between the export orientation and R&D investment of China’s pharmaceutical industry in different regions.Results and Conclusion It is found that the export orientation of the pharmaceutical industry in different regions has a significant negative impact on the investment of R&D.Among them,the middle region has the greatest impact,followed by the eastern and western regions.The export orientation of the pharmaceutical industry in the middle region has a lag effect on R&D investment,and the lag phase is two years.

Demonstration Analysis of Relationship Between R&D Investment and GDP

To reveal the quantitative relationship between research and development (R&D) investment and gross domestic product (GDP) in China, we have demonstrated and analyzed the relationship between R&D investment and science and technology (S&T) progress, and based on a mount of S&T statistical data, have proceeded demonstration research of the relationship between R&D investment and GDP in China with Solow and vector auto regression (VAR) models. Cubic curve fitting and cross-correlation analysis of them with SPSS have shown that there is a strong synchronic relationship between R&D investment and GDP.

Research on the Impact of Venture Risk Tolerance on R&D investments:Based on Entrepreneur Ability

How do start-ups enhance risk tolerance and core competition through product,technology,and service development?What is the relationship between the core competitiveness of start-ups and R&D investments?Based on the perspective of entrepreneurial ability,222 questionnaires were used to study the factors affecting the risk tolerance of start-ups and analyze the effect of risk tolerance on R&D investments.The research shows that the interactions of entrepreneur ability and start-up funds have a positive effect on the risk tolerance of start-ups,and the risk tolerance can positively promote R&D investment willingness and intensity for new products,technologies,and services.Also,R&D investment willingness plays a partial intermediary role between the risk tolerance of start-ups and the intensity of R&D investments.

Relationship between R&D investment and business performance from the perspective of environmental regulation: Takeing the heavy-polluting industries from 2011 to 2016 as an example

In recent years, China has promulgated many laws and regulations of environmental protection, gradually forming an environmental regulation system, and most enterprises are under the dual pressure of environmental protection and business performance. It would be a significant way that enterprises undertake R&D activities for a change. This paper is based on the Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed heavy pollution enterprises in 2011-2016, which is based on the review and summary of research results of former researchers, combining with current environmental regulation situation of our country, raising the relevant hypothesis between environmental regulations, R&D investment and business performance against heavy pollution industry. Adopting the method of empirical research, it also built the linear regression model which employs the relevant financial data of heavy-polluting enterprises in China as the statistical research sample. The relationship for heavy-polluting enterprises affected by environmental regulations between environmental protection R&D investment and enterprise business performance was tested. The results show that there is a positive influence on the environmental R&D investment and business performance, and a lag effect upon the R&D investment of enterprises to business performance. Finally, the research results were used to evaluates problems existing in the R&D investment on pollution industry in China as well as business performance and we put forward some suggestions on improving environmental regulation standards and technology innovation consciousness as well as optimizing the structure of R&D investment.

Research on the Relationship between Salary Incentives for R&D Personnel and R&D Investment in China’s Pharmaceutical Industry

Objective To explore the relationship between salary incentives for R&D personnel and R&D investment in China’s pharmaceutical industry through an empirical analysis so as to propose suggestions for increasing more R&D investment from the perspective of stimulating R&D personnel.Methods Based on the relevant data of the China’s pharmaceutical industry in the“China High-tech Industry Statistical Yearbook”and other data from the National Bureau of Statistics from 1995 to 2018,co-integration tests was used to construct error correction models and Granger causality tests to explore the relationship between R&D personnel salary incentives and R&D investment.Results and Conclusion There is a long-term balanced relationship between the salary level of R&D personnel in China’s pharmaceutical industry and the investment of R&D.For the per capita salary of R&D personnel increases by 1 unit,the internal expenditure of R&D investment will increase by 2.2451 units.In the short term,the per capita salary of R&D personnel has a slight negative impact on the internal expenditure of R&D investment.In addition,the salary incentives for R&D personnel have the most significant role in promoting R&D investment after five years of implementation.

Research on the Relationship between the Profitability and R&D Investment of Enterprises of Different Scales in China’s Pharmaceutical Industry

Objective To analyze the relationship between the profitability of pharmaceutical enterprises of different scales and their R&D investment.Methods The data of China’s pharmaceutical manufacturing industry from 1995 to 2016 were selected to establish a vector auto-regression mode,and then an impulse response function and variance decomposition were used to analyze the data.Results and Conclusion For large-scale pharmaceutical enterprises,1%increase in R&D input will lead to 0.792%increase of their main business profit.For medium-sized enterprises,if their main business profit increases by 1%,their R&D input will increase by 0.965%.Therefore,if their R&D input increases by 1%,their main business profit will increase by 1.036%.The improvement of the profitability of large-scale pharmaceutical enterprises cannot promote the increase of R&D capital investment.But the increase of profitability from medium-sized enterprises can promote the increase of R&D capital investment.As a result,the increase of R&D capital investment of large and medium-sized enterprises can improve corporate profitability.

管理层权力与上市公司R&D迎合投资

理性的管理者会通过公司投资迎合资本市场中投资者非理性引起的错误定价,并且这种迎合行为会受到管理层权力大小的影响。本文在检验非有效市场中上市公司R&D迎合投资存在性的基础上,考察了管理层权力对R&D迎合投资的影响,结果发现:在控制了股权融资渠道的影响后,上市公司仍然存在较强的R&D投资-误定价敏感性,表明股票错误定价会通过理性迎合渠道影响公司R&D投资;上市公司R&D迎合投资-误定价敏感性与管理层权力显著正相关,并且在管理层持股堑壕效应较大和当股价被高估时更为显著。本文拓展了关于错误定价影响公司投资过程中代理问题的研究,也为考察管理层权力的影响提供了新的视角。

股票误定价、管理层持股与企业R&D投资——基于我国高新技术上市公司的经验证据

本文以2007~2015年A股高新技术上市公司样本,考察管理层持股在股票误定价影响企业R&D投资中的作用效应,以及其中的内部人交易与研发绩效。研究发现:管理层持股加剧了股票高估对R&D投资的正向影响,在股票高估引致的R&D投资中产生"恶化效应",但同时却一定程度有助于缓解股票低估对R&D投资的负向影响,发挥"治理效应"。进一步集中于股票高估公司发现:股票高估程度越大,持股管理层出售持股规模越大,且高估公司随后研发绩效更差。

The future of competitive advantage in Oman: Integrating green product innovation, Al, and intellectual capital in business strategies

This study delves into the dynamics of green product innovation,artificial intelligence(Al)adaption,and intellectual capital,investigating their impact on the competitiveness of firms in Oman.It emphasizes the crucial role of government intervention and R&D investments in this process.Based on the responses of 214 top managers in Oman,the research employs structural equation modeling to analyze the intricate relationships between these factors.The findings underscore a significant positive correlation between green innovation,Al implementation,and intellectual capital,with government involvement and R&D investments as vital moderators.This study provides a novel perspective on the synergy of technology,innovation,and intellectual capital in developing economies.It offers essential insights for business leaders,policymakers,and scholars,highlighting the necessity of integrating advanced technologies and sustainable practices in business strategies to achieve competitive advantage.The research adds to the existing body of knowledge on innovation and competitiveness.It offers practical implications for enhancing firm performance in Oman and similar emerging markets.

Can the Super-deduction of R&D Expenses BoostR&DInvestment?

The super-deduction of research and development(R&D)expenses is at the core of the policy to stimulate enterprise innovation in China.This paper identifies whether firms are supported by the super-deduction policies for R&D expenses and uses the diferencein-diferences method to investigate the impact of the policies on R&D investment.The results show that changes in policy in 2013 significantly increased the R&D investment of firms engaging in key state-supported technologies.Policy changes in 2016 significantly increased the R&D investment of firms engaging in non-key-state-supported technologies.Enterprises not only invested all their tax incentives in R&D activities but also increased their investment in self-raised funds.The super-deduction policy had different impacts on different industries,firms with different boards,and firms with diferent ownership.The policy significantly affected the manufacturing and construction industries,the Small and Medium Enterprise Board,and non-state-owned enterprises.Through a mechanism analysis,we found that the policy significantly reduced the user cost of R&D and increased the net cash flow of enterprises,which could raise a firm's R&D investment.It is necessary to increase policy support,expand the scope of super-deductible expenses,and increase the super-deduction rate based on industry classification according to the sensitivity of different industries to the policy.

Corporate Digital Transformation and Green Technoiogy Innovation: Evidence from China's Listed Companies in the Manufacturing Industry

Digital transformation has brought new vitality into enterprises'innovative development.Traditional manufacturing industries have leveraged digitalization to drive technological advancements,thereby promoting corporate green technology innovation and achieving the goal of coordinated transformation toward digital and green development.This paper employs annual data of China's A-share listed manufacturing companies from 2007 to 2020 to examine the impact of digital transformation on corporate green technology innovation and the underlying mechanism of this impact.The results indicate that digital transformation significantly enhances corporate green technology innovation,and this enhancing effect is even more significant in state-owned enterprises and high-tech enterprises.The mechanism test reveals that enhancing digital transformation can not only improve enterprises'information transparency and strengthen positive market expectations,but also encourage enterprises to increase R&D investment,ultimately enhancing the level of their green technology innovation.The empirical findings of this paper can provide valuable insights for government departments to formulate strategies that can promote green innovation in the manufacturing industry,drive high-quality development,and contribute to the achievement of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality targets.

PUBLIC INVESTMENT IN AGRI-FOOD SYSTEM INNOVATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Research is essential for improvement of agricultural productivity,resource use and resilience,and for food systems transformation more broadly.This article analyzes the drivers of past agricultural productivity growth in low-and middle-income countries(LMICs)and argues that productivity is not growing fast enough to meet the needs of a global population of 10 billion by 2050.A sustainable transformation of agri-food systems in LMICs will need greater and faster technical change.Higher investment in agri-food R&D is therefore needed to accelerate productivity growth and address the social,economic,nutritional and environmental challenges facing LMICs.Greater and bettertargeted investment in sustainable technologies and climate change mitigation and adaptation will be particularly important to reducing the climate change impacts on agriculture and food security in the coming decades.However,LMICs with small research systems and limited innovation capacity lack the scale and resources to effectively tackle the challenges ahead.Better coordination and a clear articulation of roles and responsibilities among national,subregional,regional and global R&D actors(both from the public and private sectors)are essential to ensuring that scarce financial,human,and infrastructure resources are optimized,duplications minimized,and synergies and complementarities enhanced.

投资者情绪、公司研发投资迎合与财务信息质量

研发项目的高风险和收益不确定性容易导致投资者对公司前景产生非理性预期,管理者有动机增加公司研发投资以迎合投资者非理性情绪。利用2010—2020年沪深A股上市公司数据,考察投资者情绪与公司研发投资迎合的关系,并探讨公司研发投资迎合对财务信息质量的影响。结果表明,管理者研发投资迎合行为导致公司高质量创新专利减少而低质量创新专利增加,不利于公司创新效率提高和长期价值增长。进一步地,管理者有动机通过盈余管理操纵公司财务信息,进而配合其研发投资迎合行为。分析投资者情绪扭曲公司研发行为对公司财务信息质量的内在作用机理,对于我国上市公司研发投资行为优化和创新能力提升具有重要借鉴价值。

Impacts of internal R&D on firms’performance and energy consumption:Evidence from Ethiopian firms

In recent decades,with the rapid development of the knowledge economy and science,countries have embraced technical innovation and have gradually increased investment in research and development(R&D).A vast literature indicates that the relationship between R&D and firm performance is highly complex.The evidence suggests that R&D positively influences firm performance,yet findings on the process by which this happens are mixed.Rigorous analyses are required on how R&D investments affect energy consumption.This study explores the impact of R&D investment on the performance and energy consumption of 476 firms in Ethiopia by employing a combination of fixed-effect,propensity score matching,and endogenous treatment effect estimation methods.The empirical results reveal that investment in R&D positively influences both innovation and long-term financial performance but negatively impacts short-term financial performance and energy consumption.The results also show that the impacts of R&D activities vary significantly across different categories of firms,confirming that heterogeneity may be an issue among the firms considered.The results also indicate that the availability of credit is a more important moderating factor in the relationship between R&D investment and firm performance than the legal system is.These results have important implications for firms with growing R&D operations,especially those in developing countries such as Ethiopia.Ethiopian firms should invest more in R&D activities,such as in fundamental and applied research,to improve performance and enhance competitiveness.

Catering to Investment

How a Hong Kong businesswoman became the mainland’s first overseas investor china has been the biggest recipient of foreign direct investment (FDI) among developing nations for 16 consecutive years.

投资者情绪与中国上市公司实际投资

本文运用行为公司金融理论,针对中国股票市场特殊的市场环境、制度背景提出可检验假设,验证由投资者情绪导致的股票错误定价对我国上市公司实际投资的影响。通过划分样本区间在市场反转的框架下分析主导机制和迎合机制的作用,运用PVAR模型研究主动融资机制的作用,得出如下主要结论:(1)在中国股票市场反转时期迎合机制起着主导作用;(2)上市公司更多的出于操纵的目的迎合投资者强烈的情绪进行实际投资,对最大化流通股股东短期收益考虑的并不多;(3)中国股票市场仍然存在主动融资机制,对于高流通市值公司尤为突出,但现行投、融资行政审批制度的政策约束会造成股票定价偏高——低成本发行新股融资——实际投资上升的传导时滞。