How R&D investment promotes green technology innovation in the context of digitalization?-An empirical analysis based on provincial panel data

Green technology innovation is an important driving force and source to promote my country’s high-quality development,and it is the core path to achieve sustainable development.This paper uses my country’s provincial panel data from 2016 to 2019 to study the impact mechanism of R&D investment on green technology innovation,and introduces the level of digitization,using the panel threshold model to discuss its role in the impact mechanism of R&D investment on green technology innovation.The study found that when the level of digitalization in a region is low,increasing R&D investment does not necessarily improve the ability of green technology innovation;when the level of digitalization is relatively high,R&D investment has a positive role in promoting green technology innovation.Therefore,it is necessary to improve policies to encourage enterprises to increase investment in research and development;at the same time,it is necessary to promote the coordinated development of digital foundation,digital investment,digital literacy,digital economy and digital application,and promote the deep integration of digitalization and green technology innovation.

Research on the Threshold Effect of China’s Pharmaceutical Export Trade on Internal and External R&D Investment

Objective To study the threshold effect of export trade on internal and external R&D investment in China’s pharmaceutical industry,and to provide reference for some pharmaceutical enterprises to improve the investment.Methods The panel data of pharmaceutical industry in 25 provinces and cities in China from 2009 to 2019 were selected to conduct empirical analysis by establishing a threshold regression model,and a better export trade interval was obtained.Results and Conclusion There is a threshold value for the effect of new product export on both internal and external R&D expenditures,and the threshold values are 845.2788 million yuan and 318.4198 million yuan,respectively.There is a single threshold effect of export trade on both internal and external R&D investment in China’s pharmaceutical industry,and the effect of export trade on internal and external R&D investment changes from negative to positive as the export trade develops from low to high.

Study on Comprehensive Efficiency Evaluation of Rural Power Grid under Rural Revitalization Strategy Considering Regional Differences

As an essential infrastructure,the rural power grid is vital in promoting agricultural and rural carbon sequestration and improving rural energy electrification.It is necessary to carry out in-depth research on its comprehensive efficiency.Based on the requirements of“double carbon”and rural revitalization strategy for the rural Power Grid,this paper focuses on the modernization and low-carbon transformation of the rural Power Grid.It constructs an input-output index system for the investment efficiency of the rural Power Grid in China under the new situation.It uses the primary data of the rural Power Grid of 30 prefecture-level cities in China from 2019 to 2021 to evaluate the investment efficiency of the rural Power Grid in China through a three-stage DEA model.The empirical results show that:considering the regional differences,the comprehensive efficiency of the rural Power Grid in backward areas is significantly improved;that is,the three-stage DEA method can more objectively evaluate the comprehensive efficiency of the rural Power Grid.In the context of the continued promotion of the rural revitalization strategy,to improve the comprehensive efficiency of the rural Power Grid,it is necessary to improve the technical level of the rural Power Grid further and appropriately expand the scale of investment in the rural Power Grid.

Research on the Relationship Between Financial Redundancy, Financing Constraints and Investment Efficiency in Manufacturing Listed Companies

Investment helps companies achieve innovation. Efficient investments often do more with less. Manufacturing enterprises should pay more attention to the issue of investment efficiency, seize investment opportunities and achieve efficient investment. Due to the continuous increase of borrowing costs in the financial markets, enterprises are getting more and more difficult to raise funds from the outside, so more and more enterprises are turning their attention to the financially redundant resources within the enterprises. Making good use of financially redundant resources will help enterprises solve the financing difficulties and enable them to have sufficient funds for investment activities and lay the foundation for sustainable development.

Earnings information quality, debt maturity structure and investment efficiency

This paper studies the effect of earnings information quality and debt maturity structure and their interaction on investment efficiency. The results show that companies with higher earnings information have higher investment efficiency, and the quality of earnings information has increased investment efficiency by reducing the lack of investment and suppressing overinvestment. The companies with higher short-term debt ratio show higher investment efficiency. The results show that there is a certain substitution effect between the effect of earnings information quality and the maturity strueture of debt on the efficiency of investment.

基于DEA-Malmquist指数的中国对RCEP伙伴国直接投资效率评价

RCEP是中国对外签署的第19个自贸协定,也是中国参与的经济体量和影响力最大的自贸区,其将为中国经济双循环新发展格局的构建提供重要平台。聚焦中国对RCEP伙伴国直接投资的效率评价问题,基于动态DEA方法,在RCEP框架内从多维度实证分析了2009—2020年中国对14个RCEP伙伴国家OFDI效率。结果显示:由于发展水平差异,中国对RCEP伙伴国的直接投资效率国别间差异较为明显;从整体来看,中国对RCEP伙伴国直接投资处于规模报酬递增阶段;从Malmquist指数分解上看,中国对14个RCEP伙伴国投资全要素生产率指数(Tfpch)呈波动式上升趋势,说明投资对于技术进步有显著促进作用。针对实证结论,提出了提升区域投资自由化水平、优化直接投资的区位选择、拓展与伙伴国间经贸合作新领域,以及增强中国企业在供应链、产业链的核心竞争力等建议。

RCEP框架下企业OFDI技术利益的理论机制与实证检验

区域全面经济伙伴关系协定(RCEP)合作框架下中国企业对外直接投资(OFDI)及其技术利益格局会深远影响成员国的后续科技创新与合作。本文基于上市公司面板数据,运用“熵权法”测算技术利益,结合企业、环境、东道国与OFDI特征研究中国企业对RCEP国家直接投资的技术利益实现问题。研究发现:对RCEP国家直接投资对实现技术利益具有显著促进作用;管理效率的提升强化技术利益的实现能力,高知识产权保护水平强化技术利益实现的动机。进一步分析表明,国有企业能实现更多的技术利益,而民营企业可以通过提高管理效率和知识产权保护水平提升技术利益实现水平;企业OFDI水平越高、东道国知识产权保护水平越高,技术利益实现效果越好;投资到RCEP国家的企业相比投资到“一带一路”国家的企业会获得更多技术利益。

Socio-economic and energy-environmental impacts of technological change on China's agricultural development under the carbon neutrality strategy

Promoting agricultural modernisation through technological change is an important strategy for China.China's carbon neutrality strategy is leading to systemic socio-economic changes that could exacerbate the uncertainty of agricultural development.Therefore,applying a computable general equilibrium(CGE)model,this study characterises the agricultural sector in detail,introducing endogenous technological change proxied by research and development(R&D)to assess the impact of different technological change scenarios on agricultural development under the carbon neutrality target.The results show that allocating carbon revenue for R&D inputs can mitigate the significant negative impact of achieving carbon neutrality on knowledge capital and production in agricultural sectors.Overall,using carbon revenue only for R&D input in crop sectors has the optimal effect on increasing the agricultural sectors'knowledge capital,improving crop production and profit,reducing crop external dependence and promoting the synergistic reduction of carbon and pollutant emissions.However,this scenario has the largest negative impact on macro-economics and household welfare.In contrast,allocating carbon revenue to promote technological change in broader non-energy sectors or both crops and non-energy sectors can effectively mitigate negative socio-economic impacts,but the positive impact on agricultural development is minimal.These findings provide practical insights for the rational use of carbon revenue to expand agricultural R&D investment and ensure balanced agricultural and economic development under the carbon neutrality target.

Effects of investment on energy intensity:evidence from China

This article explores the effects of investment upon energy intensity by applying a unique panel data of China's 27 provinces between 2004 and 2013.In addition,it also particularly stuthes other factors,such as energy price,economic structure,and urbanization.The results,based on four econometric regression model results,suggest that in general,the indigenous investment on research and development is a more powerful tool to decrease China's energy intensity regardless of region disparity.The foreign direct investment(FDI) has a prominent but not persistent effect on energy intensity.However,the outward direct investment has not shown its significant impact on energy intensity.At the level of an aggregate economy and China's eastern region,the results demonstrate that FDI improves energy efficiency significantly.For the central and western provinces,FDI does not support the similar conclusion.Based on these analyses,we present the corresponding regional policies for policymakers.

Do ESG Scores in Corporations Improve Green Innovation Empirical Evidence from Listed Chinese Companies

The ESG score system is a fundamental component of the green financial system that is essential in promoting corporate environmental progress.In this work we investigate the micro-environmental impact of ESG scores using panel fixed effects models.We examine the processes underlying the influence of ESG scores on the performance of corporate green innovation as well as any potential inequalities in this impact under different moderating factors.To conduct our analysis we use data from Chinese-listed A-shares on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges from 2010 to 2019.Our study demonstrates a relationship between corporate green innovation and ESG ratings indicating that higher ESG ratings assist businesses in achieving better green innovation results.This beneficial effect is evident both numerically and qualitatively and it continues to hold up even after being put through several demanding tests.Additionally we pinpoint two main ways that ESG encourages corporate green innovation by boosting government-enterprise ties and strengthening corporate investment efficiency.We also note that while business characteristics aligned with sustainability further enhance the favorable influence of ESG on green innovation performance characteristics linked to ecologically detrimental activities impede the contribution of ESG to green innovation.Our study adds to the body of knowledge already available on corporate environmental performance and green finance by offering empirical insights that can help enhance corporate environmental development and improve the ESG rating system.

Compliance management and investment efficiency in state-owned enterprises:Evidence from China

Drawing on the implementation of the compliance management guidelines issued by China’s SASACs,we construct a quasi-natural experiment to examine the impact of the implementation of these guidelines on the investment efficiency of SOEs.The investment efficiency of SOEs is significantly improved after the implementation of the guidelines.The impact is more pronounced on SOEs with significant financing constraints,high financing requirements and intense competition in the product market.We also find that the guidelines improve efficiency investment by reducing management’s risk appetite,mitigating the Type I agency problems and enhancing the level of internal control.The conclusions indicate that compliance management is an important strategy for enhancing the investment efficiency of SOEs.

基于DEA的房地产资源投资效率研究

本研究运用数据包络分析法(DEA)对我国房地产业投资效率进行评价分析。研究发现,我国仅8个地区的房地产投资综合效率有效;9个地区规模效率有效,多数地区规模效率值大于0.9,表明我国房地产规模状态良好;纯技术效率有效地区12个,但差异较大,其值在0.557-0.925间波动,各地区技术差异明显;规模收益状态呈现出较大差异。

高校R&D投入产出效率实证研究——基于二阶段DEA-VRS模型及超效率模型的分析

当前,我国经济发展呈现出收入增速放缓、收支矛盾加大的阶段性特点,而我国财政方面的大政方针要求教育经费只增不减,高校R&D活动的拨入经费也快速增长。与此同时,中共二十大擘画的宏伟蓝图对高等教育提出了更高质量的要求,高校R&D活动绩效的重要性凸显。本文选取我国高等学校2020—2021年R&D活动作为研究对象,按省份划分为31个不同地区,以省份为决策单位(DMU)建立二阶段产出导向DEA-VRS模型及进阶超效率模型进行测算,结果显示:我国67.74%的地区高校人、财、物管理与调配是科学合理的,经济最发达的华东地区高校R&D活动的研发人员存在较大的冗余;各省均不处于规模收益递增状态;青海省、西藏自治区、新疆维吾尔自治区等偏远地区的高校R&D活动效率较高。针对研究中发现的问题,提出了多部门协同统筹,强化中西部就业引导政策,完善人才考核体系,提升科技管理水平,盘活投入要素,大力推进产学研一体化协同发展等相关建议。

Research on the Relationship between Export Orientation and R&D Investment of China’s Pharmaceutical Industry in Different Regions

Objective To study the relationship between export orientation and research and development(R&D)investment so as to provide suggestions and references for improving the R&D investment level and innovation capabilities of pharmaceutical industry due to the progress of globalization and the continuous development of export trade of China’s pharmaceutical industry.Methods The relevant data of China’s pharmaceutical industry from 2001 to 2016 was selected to establish an error correction model based on the co-integration theory,and then the Granger causality test was conducted to determine the relationship between the export orientation and R&D investment of China’s pharmaceutical industry in different regions.Results and Conclusion It is found that the export orientation of the pharmaceutical industry in different regions has a significant negative impact on the investment of R&D.Among them,the middle region has the greatest impact,followed by the eastern and western regions.The export orientation of the pharmaceutical industry in the middle region has a lag effect on R&D investment,and the lag phase is two years.

Near is more:learning efficiency in research and development innovation among interlocking firms

Research question/issue:This study examines whether geographic proximity produces a proximity preference as interlocking firms observe each other and learn innovative behaviors through information transmission among interlocking directors.Research findings/insights:We study the performance of A-share-listed companies in China from 2007 to 2017 on the basis of resource dependence theory,agglomeration effect theory,and Porter’s competitive theory.When target firms learn about research and development–related innovation behaviors from interlocking firms closer to them,they experience more efficient learning effects and have improved convergent traits.Moreover,this proximity advantage increases the willingness of the target firm to communicate with and learn from interlocking firms closer to them.Highly developed areas and research and development–intensive industries positively affect the learning efficiency of interlocking firms.Theoretical/academic implications:Our conclusion is consistent with resource dependence theory;target firms in highly developed areas are more willing to imitate and study nearby interlocking firms to maintain their peer relations,innovation potential,and competitiveness.Our conclusion is also consistent with competition theory,which states that the exchange of information between target firms in highly research and development–intensive industries and distant interlocking firms increases innovation differentiation,innovation potential,and competitiveness,even when such exchange has a high cost.Practitioner/policy implications:The results support resource dependence theory and peers’effects.The information obtained by interlocking directorates through external social relations guides firm decision-making,and closer distances reveal more obvious effects.

Evaluate the Investment Efficiency by Using Data Envelopment Analysis: The Case of China

Although investment is regarded as a key force of China’s economic growth, little study has been done to measure China’s investment efficiency. The present paper applies the data envelopment analysis (DEA) to Chinese provincial panel data from the year 2003 to 2008 for measuring the investment efficiencies and identifying their trends of Chinese 30 provinces and autonomous regions. A cross-efficient DEA model with considering benevolent formulation is used for providing accurate efficiency scores and completely ranking. The empirical results suggest that the differences of investment efficiency in different regions are distinct but tending to diminish year by year, and the investment efficiencies in some provinces are significantly correlated to their investment rates to the national total investment.

Public and Private Investment in the Port Sector in Mexico, 2000-2010： A Study Through Data Envelopment Analysis

Knowing the level of efficiency of investment applied in ports of Mexico is relevant information for the design of port policies that contribute to its development and thus to greater freight movement. The objective of this paper is to analyze the technical efficiency obtained from International Mexican Ports, through the use of the technique of Data Envelopment Analysis （DEA）. It uses data regarding public and private investment in ports applied during the period 2000-2010 and its influence on the number of Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit （TEU）. Because it has been applied the DEA-CCR （the linear programming model） model input oriented, thus not only the efficiency is calculated in ports, but benchmarking is also obtained to determine the efficient ports that serve as reference to those who were found to be inefficient. The results obtained showed that Manzanillo and Progreso were the most efficient ports. On the other hand, the ports that were not efficient for any of the years reviewed were Mazatlan and Lazaro Cardenas. Generally, public investment has been increasing over the period, and public policies are not designed to allow the ports to have an international projection.

基于超效率DEA与Malmquist模型的河南省城投公司运营效率评价研究

由地方政府设立和资助的城投公司在我国城市基础设施建设中发挥着重要作用.基于河南省69家城投公司的财务数据,选取适当的投入和产出指标,运用超效率DEA与Malmquist指数模型,对2016-2022年河南省城投公司的营运效率分别进行了静态和动态评价.结果表明,近年来河南省城投公司的经营效率较高,均值达到了0.936,但达到有效水平的企业较少,占比仅有15%,Malmquist指数分析结果显示,2016-2022年河南省城投公司全要素生产率趋势向好,各项指数均值均大于1,而且新冠疫情防控期间河南省城投公司的融资环境不仅进一步向好,城投行业也迎来“结构性利好”.最后,根据实证分析的结果,对河南省城投公司提高营运效率、实现市场化转型,提出相关政策建议.

Efficiency-Enhancing Strategies in the Roman Wine Trade： From Producer to Consumer

This paper argues that models developed in 20th century management literature can offer a valuable perspective on the organization of the ancient Roman wine trade. Similar to modem business, Roman entrepreneurs tried to enhance efficiency by implementing a wide range of techniques according to goals and available resources. The famous Ansoff matrix is used to analyse these techniques in function of the markets supplied by Roman merchants and the product diversification they applied. This approach explains how Roman entrepreneurs tried to cope with the limitations of a volatile pre-industrial business world： only the combination of a large family of semi-dependent agents and elite capital allowed successful large-scale engagement in the wine trade.

Demonstration Analysis of Relationship Between R&D Investment and GDP

To reveal the quantitative relationship between research and development (R&D) investment and gross domestic product (GDP) in China, we have demonstrated and analyzed the relationship between R&D investment and science and technology (S&T) progress, and based on a mount of S&T statistical data, have proceeded demonstration research of the relationship between R&D investment and GDP in China with Solow and vector auto regression (VAR) models. Cubic curve fitting and cross-correlation analysis of them with SPSS have shown that there is a strong synchronic relationship between R&D investment and GDP.