Research on the Influence of Government R&D Funding and Enterprise R&D Investment on the Innovation Efficiency of Pharmaceutical Industry

Objective To study the effect of government R&D funding and enterprise R&D input on innovation efficiency of China’s pharmaceutical industry.Methods Based on the inter-provincial panel data of China’s pharmaceutical industry from 2009 to 2019,the stochastic frontier analysis method was used to study the influence of government R&D funding and enterprise R&D input on the innovation efficiency.Results and Conclusion With 1%increase in government R&D funding,the innovation efficiency of enterprises will increase by 0.122%.When R&D investment increases by 1%,innovation efficiency will increase by 0.169%.Both government R&D funding and enterprise R&D investment promote the innovation efficiency of pharmaceutical enterprises,but the increase of enterprise R&D investment contributes more to the improvement of pharmaceutical innovation efficiency.

Optimization of Chinese power enterprises R&D staff incentive mechanism

With the deepening of electric power market reform in China,the monopoly edge of the state-owned electric power enterprises will lose.On the basis of the existing post performance salary mechanism,Chinese power enterprises need to optimize the incentive mechanism of R&D staff,to arouse the R&D staff's enthusiasm and creativity,to adapt to the new market competition and further improve market value.Whilst the incentive mechanism optimizing processing needs to consider not only the changing market environment but also the personal and working characteristics of R&D staff.This paper summarizes the characteristics of the current Chinese power enterprises' R&D staff:staff's theory quality is high,but insensitive to the market;they are confronted with heavy workload and diversified job choices;managers can observe their behavior choices or not;besides,the process of R&D is complex and the market reactions of R&D achievements are uncertain.Based on the premise of the above features,two incentive models are established in this paper from the point of view of enterprise managers.One is for the situation when staff's behavior choices can be observed;the other is for the situation when staff's behavior choices cannot be observed.Through solving the model,we analyze the optimization path of electric power enterprises R&D staff incentive mechanism under these conditions:(1) when staff's behavior choices can be observed,managers can pay more to the R&D staff who develop products with higher output value,in order to encourage them to work harder.(2) when staff's behavior choices cannot be observed,managers should take reasonable strategies according to the different situations:a.when R&D staff incentive totally depend on the market value of the R&D achievements,managers should allocate workload rationally according to their different technical levels;b.when the market reactions of R&D results become more precarious,managers need to reduce the incentive intensity which based on the market value and raise their fixed salary level;c.when R&D staff become more risk averse,managers should reduce the incentive intensity which based on the market value and raise their fixed salary level;on the contrary,managers should improve the incentive intensity and reduce the fixed salary level.

Research on the Effect of R&D Investment Intensity and Sales Expense on the Performance of Biomedical Enterprises

Objective To explore the influence of new drug R&D investment and sales expense on the performance of biomedical enterprises.Methods The financial statements of 76 listed biomedical enterprises for 5 consecutive years were selected,and the data were modeled to study the effect of R&D investment and sales expense on the performance of biomedical enterprises by using financial indicators as tools and statistical methods of multiple linear regression.Results and Conclusion Under the premise that the weak related factors such as enterprise scale,life cycle and asset-liability ratio are set as unrelated variables,the R&D investment intensity of biomedical enterprises is negatively correlated with the current performance,which also shows that the R&D of biomedical enterprises has the characteristics of high risk.Besides,the influence of early R&D investment is delayed.However,the sales expense of leading biomedical enterprises with large scales have higher proportion.Meanwhile the greater sales expense of the same enterprise in different periods,the better the enterprise performance is.Biomedical enterprises should consider their own development stage to develop more patented drugs.Besides,they must formulate plans for allocating reasonable sales personnel and cost expense to ensure that enterprises can obtain better benefits.

Research on the Relationship between the Profitability and R&D Investment of Enterprises of Different Scales in China’s Pharmaceutical Industry

Objective To analyze the relationship between the profitability of pharmaceutical enterprises of different scales and their R&D investment.Methods The data of China’s pharmaceutical manufacturing industry from 1995 to 2016 were selected to establish a vector auto-regression mode,and then an impulse response function and variance decomposition were used to analyze the data.Results and Conclusion For large-scale pharmaceutical enterprises,1%increase in R&D input will lead to 0.792%increase of their main business profit.For medium-sized enterprises,if their main business profit increases by 1%,their R&D input will increase by 0.965%.Therefore,if their R&D input increases by 1%,their main business profit will increase by 1.036%.The improvement of the profitability of large-scale pharmaceutical enterprises cannot promote the increase of R&D capital investment.But the increase of profitability from medium-sized enterprises can promote the increase of R&D capital investment.As a result,the increase of R&D capital investment of large and medium-sized enterprises can improve corporate profitability.

企业研发(R&D)组织与动态能力研究

信息时代企业的外部环境复杂多变,企业的竞争优势以更快的速度创造出来然后被新的优势所取代,为了取得可持续的竞争优势,企业应建立动态能力,对现有能力进行重构,以保持与环境的动态平衡。研究表明,企业研发(R & D)组织对动态能力的构建发挥着关键性的作用。

基于DEA模型的中国百货零售上市公司效率及生产率研究

为了分析我国百货零售企业进入21世纪以来经营效率和全要素生产率变化情况,以百货零售上市公司2000—2009年数据为样本进行了实证研究。采用数据包络分析(DEA)方法,以营业收入和净利润指标来衡量零售经营的产出,以固定资产、存货、销售费用和应付职工薪酬指标来衡量零售经营的投入,结果表明:在规模扩张和技术进步的推动下,中国百货零售企业经营效率与全要素生产率逐步改善。根据研究结果给出了相应建议。

基于IDEAS的联合论证元模型

为统一描述联合论证模式中体系结构数据,基于《国际国防企业体系结构规范》(international defense enterprise architecture specification,IDEAS)提出了联合论证元模型(joint demonstration meta-model,JDM2)。首先,介绍了业务对象参考本体(business object reference ontology,BORO)、IDEAS和国防部元模型(department of defense meta-model,DM2),从设计机理方面剖析了DM2不适用于描述联合论证内容的根本原因以及DM2概念数据模型(conceptual data model,CDM)、逻辑数据模型(logical data model,LDM)和物理交换规范(physical exchange schema,PES)3层结构的优点;然后,借鉴本体理论和DM2设计思想基于联合论证空间提出了JDM2中的概念数据模型;在概念数据模型基础上基于IDEAS规范构建了JDM2中的逻辑数据模型。最后通过实例说明了JDM2的可行性。

HR与企业文化落地研究——基于对立价值架构的视角

本文试图在对立价值架构的基础上来解决HR(企业人事部门)如何让企业文化落地这个难题。对立价值架构将企业文化划分为部落式、临时体制式、等级森严式和市场为先式四个象限。文章在原有理论的基础上,构建了HR在企业文化落地中的对立价值图,指出了在不同企业文化类型下人力资源部门所需的不同角色、技能和行为。作为企业文化落地的推动者,HR在服务内部以及外部客户时,需要不断关注外部竞争的差异性以及内部管理,在内外中取得平衡。同时,HR在引领企业文化落地时,一定要识别评估企业主导文化的类型,落地强化机制要与文化创建者的根植机制保持一致。

Evaluating R&D efficiency of China's listed lithium battery enterprises

Promoting the growth of the lithium battery sector has been a critical aspect of China's energy policy in terms of achieving carbon neutrality.However,despite significant support on research and development(R&D)investments that have resulted in increasing size,the sector seems to be falling behind in technological areas.To guide future policies and understand proper ways of promoting R&D efficiency,we looked into the lithium battery industry of China.Specifically,data envelopment analysis(DEA)was used as the primary approach based on evidence from 22 listed lithium battery enterprises.The performance of the five leading players was compared with that of the industry as a whole.Results revealed little indication of a meaningful improvement in R&D efficiency throughout our sample from 2010 to 2019.However,during this period,a significant increase in R&D expenditure was witnessed.This finding was supported,as the results showed that the average technical efficiency of the 22 enterprises was 0.442,whereas the average pure technical efficiency was at 0.503,thus suggesting that they were suffering from decreasing returns to scale(DRS).In contrast,the performance of the five leading players seemed superior because their average efficiency scores were higher than the industry's average.Moreover,they were experiencing increasing scale efficiency(IRS).We draw on these findings to suggest to policymakers that supporting technologically intensive sectors should be more than simply increasing investment scale;rather,it should also encompass assisting businesses in developing efficient managerial processes for R&D.

利益联结互利共赢:商务翻译人才政产学合作培养模式探究

产教融合是培养应用型人才行之有效的途径,是新时代高等教育高质量发展的必由之路和经济转型升级的必然要求。产教融合是高校人才培养和行业人才需求的有机对接。文化认同是校企合作的基础,利益是联结高校和企业的纽带,是产教融合关键。只有兼顾到政产学各方的利益,互利共赢,才能充分调动企业的积极性,主动以不同的形式深度参与高校的人才培养,实现教育和产业的统筹融合和良性互动。本文探索了七种基于互利共赢的政产学合作培养商务翻译人才的模式,以期给各高校同仁的教学和研究提供参考。

论治理现代化视域下的职业教育法治转型

针对职业教育法治发展面临的困境,阐述职业教育法治转型的面向与价值,以职业教育法律规范体系为依托,坚持以法治思维和法治方法实现依法治理。勾勒职业教育法治转型机制的基本原则,并通过加强立法引领夯实职业教育依法治理的基石、改善职业教育治理的主体结构、以司法治理为后盾来实现职业教育法治转型和发展的新图景。

施工企业建安工程成本考核工作标准化及应用研究

“成本考核”工作是成本管理工作中的重点内容。通过对某施工企业建筑安装工程成本考核工作的调研与分析,发现企业成本考核工作存在的问题,如核算对象定义规则不统一、考核周期随意划分、考核方式选择不当等;借助“建安工程费用项目组成”及“价税分离”的理论基础,针对现存问题及企业管理现状,梳理出企业建安工程成本考核工作的业务流程及各项工作的标准化做法,并举例进行说明。以期助力企业更好地进行项目成本管理,助力企业数字化转型。

《企业档案管理规定》主要内容及相关思考

2023年10月1日起施行的《企业档案管理规定》是新时代企业档案工作的重要准则。论文对《企业档案管理规定》主要内容进行了系统介绍和评述,分析了主要特点,并提出了进一步完善的建议。

基于系统工程方法的炼化企业联合运行部工作浅析

联合运行部是炼化企业的下属二级单位,负责2套以上工艺装置(或罐区)的运行,具有工艺流程功能、经济效益功能、HSE功能、政治功能等功能。文章针对当前联合运行部普遍存在的问题,提出了优化顶层设计的建议,并介绍了DoDAF方法;针对数据信息缺乏共享,业务流程不够整合的问题,提出进行数智化转型,打破信息孤岛,加强数据价值挖掘的建议;针对炼化行业由于高风险和重资产而容错率低等问题,建议构建模拟仿真与平行系统。并提出加强培养符合时代要求的复合型人才的建议以及对联合运行部在新时代的工作任务进行了展望。

政府、环保部门、企业环保行为的动态博弈分析

本文首先建立了一个关于环保部门检查与不检查、企业治污与不治污、环保部门滥用职权与不滥用职权、企业行贿与不行贿的两方动态博弈模型,并将信誉机制引入模型,求出模型的均衡解。然后根据对均衡解的分析得出环保部门与企业之间容易产生寻租行为,由此提出政府对环保部门进行监督的重要性,并建立了政府与环保部门的动态博弈模型以及得出该模型的均衡解。最后通过对两个动态博弈模型均衡解的分析,提出了治理污染和保护环境的对策。

多部门企业平衡记分卡的开发

文章针对平衡记分卡在我国多部门企业的应用,着重讨论多部门企业在开发平衡记分卡过程中在战略关注、四个方面设置、指标选择、指标数目确定、指标相对重要性确定以及指标间内在关联性的确定等方面应注意的问题和部分问题的解决方案。

产业集群:生态农业发展新思路

本文分析了当前我国生态农业发展应着力思考与解决的建设主体、组织形式、产业竞争力问题;在阐释了生态农业集群概念和特征的基础上,提出了生态农业集群化发展的新思路,并着重论述了生态农业集群建设的主体架构,包括农户、农业龙头企业、相关与支持性产业、消费者及政府等。

环境规制中地方规制部门与排污企业的演化博弈分析

根据环境规制中地方规制部门与排污企业的互动关系,采用演化博弈理论工具,构建了地方规制部门与排污企业的博弈模型,分别研究了未引入地方政府干扰和中央环保部门约束以及引入干扰和约束的博弈方决策演化规律及其影响因素。研究结果表明:在未引入干扰和约束的情况下,地方规制部门和排污企业的决策演化规律有9种情形,环境绩效考核系数不会影响博弈双方的策略选择;提高环境规制标准、提高污染物削减量、降低治污成本会促进企业治污;提高环境规制标准、降低环境执法成本,会促进地方规制部门严格执法;企业污染物产生量越大,地方规制部门执法越严格,而污染物削减量的增加将不利于地方规制部门严格执法。引入干扰和约束后发生的变化:地方规制部门和排污企业的决策演化规律增加至12种情形;污染物削减量对地方规制部门的决策影响变得不明确;提高环境绩效考核系数、减少地方政府对环境执法的干扰、提高环境失职的处罚力度,可以促进地方规制部门严格执法。

民营企业“党建带工建”的发展过程机理研究——以立白集团为例

近年来民营企业"党建带工建"的实践日益增多,成为业界关注的热点问题,然而学界对此研究尚少。本文基于对广州立白企业集团的案例研究,运用社会交换理论,探究立白集团"党建带工建"从而构建和谐劳动关系的过程机理。研究表明:民营企业基于政策导向,在企业上下形成"党建带工建"的良好氛围和工作模式,有利于构建和谐的劳动关系,这对我国民营企业具有较强的借鉴意义。