How R&D investment promotes green technology innovation in the context of digitalization?-An empirical analysis based on provincial panel data

Green technology innovation is an important driving force and source to promote my country’s high-quality development,and it is the core path to achieve sustainable development.This paper uses my country’s provincial panel data from 2016 to 2019 to study the impact mechanism of R&D investment on green technology innovation,and introduces the level of digitization,using the panel threshold model to discuss its role in the impact mechanism of R&D investment on green technology innovation.The study found that when the level of digitalization in a region is low,increasing R&D investment does not necessarily improve the ability of green technology innovation;when the level of digitalization is relatively high,R&D investment has a positive role in promoting green technology innovation.Therefore,it is necessary to improve policies to encourage enterprises to increase investment in research and development;at the same time,it is necessary to promote the coordinated development of digital foundation,digital investment,digital literacy,digital economy and digital application,and promote the deep integration of digitalization and green technology innovation.

Research on the Threshold Effect of China’s Pharmaceutical Export Trade on Internal and External R&D Investment

Objective To study the threshold effect of export trade on internal and external R&D investment in China’s pharmaceutical industry,and to provide reference for some pharmaceutical enterprises to improve the investment.Methods The panel data of pharmaceutical industry in 25 provinces and cities in China from 2009 to 2019 were selected to conduct empirical analysis by establishing a threshold regression model,and a better export trade interval was obtained.Results and Conclusion There is a threshold value for the effect of new product export on both internal and external R&D expenditures,and the threshold values are 845.2788 million yuan and 318.4198 million yuan,respectively.There is a single threshold effect of export trade on both internal and external R&D investment in China’s pharmaceutical industry,and the effect of export trade on internal and external R&D investment changes from negative to positive as the export trade develops from low to high.

Effects of investment on energy intensity:evidence from China

This article explores the effects of investment upon energy intensity by applying a unique panel data of China's 27 provinces between 2004 and 2013.In addition,it also particularly stuthes other factors,such as energy price,economic structure,and urbanization.The results,based on four econometric regression model results,suggest that in general,the indigenous investment on research and development is a more powerful tool to decrease China's energy intensity regardless of region disparity.The foreign direct investment(FDI) has a prominent but not persistent effect on energy intensity.However,the outward direct investment has not shown its significant impact on energy intensity.At the level of an aggregate economy and China's eastern region,the results demonstrate that FDI improves energy efficiency significantly.For the central and western provinces,FDI does not support the similar conclusion.Based on these analyses,we present the corresponding regional policies for policymakers.

Research on the Relationship between Export Orientation and R&D Investment of China’s Pharmaceutical Industry in Different Regions

Objective To study the relationship between export orientation and research and development(R&D)investment so as to provide suggestions and references for improving the R&D investment level and innovation capabilities of pharmaceutical industry due to the progress of globalization and the continuous development of export trade of China’s pharmaceutical industry.Methods The relevant data of China’s pharmaceutical industry from 2001 to 2016 was selected to establish an error correction model based on the co-integration theory,and then the Granger causality test was conducted to determine the relationship between the export orientation and R&D investment of China’s pharmaceutical industry in different regions.Results and Conclusion It is found that the export orientation of the pharmaceutical industry in different regions has a significant negative impact on the investment of R&D.Among them,the middle region has the greatest impact,followed by the eastern and western regions.The export orientation of the pharmaceutical industry in the middle region has a lag effect on R&D investment,and the lag phase is two years.

Demonstration Analysis of Relationship Between R&D Investment and GDP

To reveal the quantitative relationship between research and development (R&D) investment and gross domestic product (GDP) in China, we have demonstrated and analyzed the relationship between R&D investment and science and technology (S&T) progress, and based on a mount of S&T statistical data, have proceeded demonstration research of the relationship between R&D investment and GDP in China with Solow and vector auto regression (VAR) models. Cubic curve fitting and cross-correlation analysis of them with SPSS have shown that there is a strong synchronic relationship between R&D investment and GDP.

Research on the Impact of Venture Risk Tolerance on R&D investments:Based on Entrepreneur Ability

How do start-ups enhance risk tolerance and core competition through product,technology,and service development?What is the relationship between the core competitiveness of start-ups and R&D investments?Based on the perspective of entrepreneurial ability,222 questionnaires were used to study the factors affecting the risk tolerance of start-ups and analyze the effect of risk tolerance on R&D investments.The research shows that the interactions of entrepreneur ability and start-up funds have a positive effect on the risk tolerance of start-ups,and the risk tolerance can positively promote R&D investment willingness and intensity for new products,technologies,and services.Also,R&D investment willingness plays a partial intermediary role between the risk tolerance of start-ups and the intensity of R&D investments.

Relationship between R&D investment and business performance from the perspective of environmental regulation: Takeing the heavy-polluting industries from 2011 to 2016 as an example

In recent years, China has promulgated many laws and regulations of environmental protection, gradually forming an environmental regulation system, and most enterprises are under the dual pressure of environmental protection and business performance. It would be a significant way that enterprises undertake R&D activities for a change. This paper is based on the Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed heavy pollution enterprises in 2011-2016, which is based on the review and summary of research results of former researchers, combining with current environmental regulation situation of our country, raising the relevant hypothesis between environmental regulations, R&D investment and business performance against heavy pollution industry. Adopting the method of empirical research, it also built the linear regression model which employs the relevant financial data of heavy-polluting enterprises in China as the statistical research sample. The relationship for heavy-polluting enterprises affected by environmental regulations between environmental protection R&D investment and enterprise business performance was tested. The results show that there is a positive influence on the environmental R&D investment and business performance, and a lag effect upon the R&D investment of enterprises to business performance. Finally, the research results were used to evaluates problems existing in the R&D investment on pollution industry in China as well as business performance and we put forward some suggestions on improving environmental regulation standards and technology innovation consciousness as well as optimizing the structure of R&D investment.

Research on the Relationship between Salary Incentives for R&D Personnel and R&D Investment in China’s Pharmaceutical Industry

Objective To explore the relationship between salary incentives for R&D personnel and R&D investment in China’s pharmaceutical industry through an empirical analysis so as to propose suggestions for increasing more R&D investment from the perspective of stimulating R&D personnel.Methods Based on the relevant data of the China’s pharmaceutical industry in the“China High-tech Industry Statistical Yearbook”and other data from the National Bureau of Statistics from 1995 to 2018,co-integration tests was used to construct error correction models and Granger causality tests to explore the relationship between R&D personnel salary incentives and R&D investment.Results and Conclusion There is a long-term balanced relationship between the salary level of R&D personnel in China’s pharmaceutical industry and the investment of R&D.For the per capita salary of R&D personnel increases by 1 unit,the internal expenditure of R&D investment will increase by 2.2451 units.In the short term,the per capita salary of R&D personnel has a slight negative impact on the internal expenditure of R&D investment.In addition,the salary incentives for R&D personnel have the most significant role in promoting R&D investment after five years of implementation.

Research on the Relationship between the Profitability and R&D Investment of Enterprises of Different Scales in China’s Pharmaceutical Industry

Objective To analyze the relationship between the profitability of pharmaceutical enterprises of different scales and their R&D investment.Methods The data of China’s pharmaceutical manufacturing industry from 1995 to 2016 were selected to establish a vector auto-regression mode,and then an impulse response function and variance decomposition were used to analyze the data.Results and Conclusion For large-scale pharmaceutical enterprises,1%increase in R&D input will lead to 0.792%increase of their main business profit.For medium-sized enterprises,if their main business profit increases by 1%,their R&D input will increase by 0.965%.Therefore,if their R&D input increases by 1%,their main business profit will increase by 1.036%.The improvement of the profitability of large-scale pharmaceutical enterprises cannot promote the increase of R&D capital investment.But the increase of profitability from medium-sized enterprises can promote the increase of R&D capital investment.As a result,the increase of R&D capital investment of large and medium-sized enterprises can improve corporate profitability.

政府科技投入对企业R&D支出影响的实证分析

在参考国内外相关学者研究的基础上,对我国1990～2000年政府科技投入对企业R&D支出的影响进行实证检验。结果表明,在样本期内政府科技投入对企业R&D支出有明显的促进作用,但政府对高校研发的资助将会对企业R&D支出产生挤出效应。挤出效应最终反映在企业减少其向科研机构委托研发的经费支出上。

政府补贴对企业R&D投资影响的实证研究

基于《中国工业企业数据库》2005-2007年的数据测度政府补贴对企业研发投资的影响。用Probit模型探究了影响企业获得的政府研发补贴的因素,通过倾向得分匹配(PSM)方法发现,较之于未受补贴的企业,政府研发补贴使受补贴的企业平均增加0.184%的研发强度,而且补贴对企业研发投资支出和新产品产值也都有激励作用。建议政府加大对我国企业特别是民营企业补贴的力度,同时需要增强对企业使用研发补贴资金的监管,引导企业对补贴进行合理分配。

政府R&D资助对企业R&D经费投入的影响——基于浙江省规模以上工业企业行业面板数据的实证分析

政府对R&D活动的投资将产生双重效应:杠杆效应和挤出效应。现阶段,浙江财政R&D投入对民间R&D投入的激励效应如何?政府资助率为多高时杠杆效应最佳?文章运用浙江省规模以上工业企业2003年行业截面数据和2006-2008年行业面板数据,通过计量分析方法和模型,就政府R&D资助对企业R&D投入的影响进行实证检验。结果表明,在样本期内政府科技投入对企业R&D支出具有明显的促进作用,轻工业企业的政府最佳资助率要高于重工业企业,对轻工业的R&D资助产生的杠杆效应大于重工业企业。

GERD中政府和企业投入的“最佳”组合存在固定比例吗

R&D经费主要来自政府和企业。企业与政府R&D投入的相互关系与"最佳"组合是关乎政府R&D投入策略的重要问题。这篇论文通过历史数据的分析,从经济增长背景和科技发展政策的视角,研究了典型国家特别是美国R&D资助结构的演变。研究发现:R&D资助结构自身并无一般性的固定比例,"最优"R&D资助结构也不存在固定的比例。基于这个发现,分析了中国R&D资助结构的现状及问题,这些分析对中国确定政府R&D投入战略具有一定的参考意义。

跨国公司在华R&D投资对我国高技术产业创新能力影响的实证分析

跨国公司在华研发投资对中国高技术产业创新能力的影响是多方面的。它不仅能够通过研发投资的示范效应,人才流动效应,竞争效应以及关联效应四种渠道产生溢出效应,促进中国高技术产业创新能力的提高。同时,又在一定程度上通过对自主创新,人力资源以及研发资本的挤出产生了对其创新能力的挤出效应,不利于我国高技术产业创新能力的提高。本文选取1998—2009年中国高技术产业13行业相关面板数据进行实证研究,得出跨国公司研发投资的竞争效应和人才流动效应对中国高技术产业创新能力影响的溢出效应较为显著,但示范关联效应溢出效应不显著;人力资源挤出和自主创新挤出都较为明显,研发资本挤出并不显著。最后根据不同渠道的具体效应,对跨国公司在华研发投资促进中国高技术产业创新能力提高提出针对性的政策建议。

节能环保技术R&D投资的“挤出效应”研究——兼论中国的碳排放

通过对国家投资于资源、能源与环境的研发资金和社会总研发资金数据研究发现,中国节能环保研发投资对总研发投资不存在挤出效应,以新能源装机容量作为节能环保研发投资的工具变量用发达国家面板数据以及中国时序数据研究也得到相同的结论;进一步对中国地级市的截面数据研究发现,先污染后治理的环境治理投资对总研发投资有较大的挤出效应;另外,在对环保研发研究的基础上运用VAR模型研究发现,中国煤炭、石油、火电消费对碳排放波动的贡献度分别达到25%、17%和9%。

政府经费支持对企业R&D投入的效应分析——基于惠州企业动态面板数据模型的系统GMM估计

文章旨在考察政府的R&D资助强度,是否会对受资助企业的R&D投入强度带来挤入或挤出效应,力图寻找出企业受资助的最优均值,以避免政府资助反向抑制企业R&D投入。基于2011-2014年惠州市工业企业数据为样本,通过系统GMM估计进行实证研究。研究发现,政府的经费支持在企业研发投入的初始阶段具有激励作用,而当政府的支持力度超过最优补贴值时,继续资助的行为反倒会挤出企业的R&D投入。在进一步研究中还发现,当考虑政府行为的滞后性等因素后,政府资助对企业的研发投入同样呈现出"先挤入、后挤出"的影响;企业新的研发投资决策会受过往投入水平的影响,形成一种"投资行为习惯"效应。

R&D溢出效应下企业社会责任与技术创新

构建R&D溢出效应下的寡头竞争模型,探讨企业对社会责任与技术创新的策略性选择,即从理论上剖析企业社会责任与研发投入之间的权衡关系.研究发现,随着社会责任履行程度的提高,企业的占优策略会由研发竞争演化为社会责任引致的产量竞争,企业社会责任与研发投入的关系亦从互补变为替代.因此,企业社会责任会抑制技术创新,尤其是从社会总研发投入看,这种"挤出效应"更为显著.在不同的R&D溢出效应下,上述结果仍旧稳健.研究表明,在有限的企业资源下,企业社会责任与技术创新未必相辅相成.因此,政府在引导企业重视社会责任的同时,相应的监管措施与合理的政策调整亦十分必要,否则就会抑制企业创新及社会福利.

政府R&D投入对企业R&D投入的效应分析——以山西省为例

采用山西省2001～2010年的时间序列数据,通过分布滞后模型、多元线性回归模型实证分析了山西省政府R&D投入对企业R&D投入的时滞问题、诱导效应和挤出效应。分析结果表明:政府R&D投入对企业R&D投入具有诱导时滞作用;政府R&D投入对企业R&D投入同时具有诱导效应和挤出效应,且挤出效应大于诱导效应;政府对企业R&D活动的直接投入对企业R&D投入具有诱导效应,政府对科研机构和高等院校的直接R&D资助对企业R&D投入具有挤出效应。针对以上结论,提出了改善山西省政府R&D投入的相关建议。

Socio-economic and energy-environmental impacts of technological change on China's agricultural development under the carbon neutrality strategy

Promoting agricultural modernisation through technological change is an important strategy for China.China's carbon neutrality strategy is leading to systemic socio-economic changes that could exacerbate the uncertainty of agricultural development.Therefore,applying a computable general equilibrium(CGE)model,this study characterises the agricultural sector in detail,introducing endogenous technological change proxied by research and development(R&D)to assess the impact of different technological change scenarios on agricultural development under the carbon neutrality target.The results show that allocating carbon revenue for R&D inputs can mitigate the significant negative impact of achieving carbon neutrality on knowledge capital and production in agricultural sectors.Overall,using carbon revenue only for R&D input in crop sectors has the optimal effect on increasing the agricultural sectors'knowledge capital,improving crop production and profit,reducing crop external dependence and promoting the synergistic reduction of carbon and pollutant emissions.However,this scenario has the largest negative impact on macro-economics and household welfare.In contrast,allocating carbon revenue to promote technological change in broader non-energy sectors or both crops and non-energy sectors can effectively mitigate negative socio-economic impacts,but the positive impact on agricultural development is minimal.These findings provide practical insights for the rational use of carbon revenue to expand agricultural R&D investment and ensure balanced agricultural and economic development under the carbon neutrality target.

企业金融化、R&D投入与公司治理机制关系研究

本文以2010—2017年沪深760家A股上市公司为样本,考察不同所有权下企业金融化、R&D投入与公司治理机制的关系。研究发现:(1)企业金融化与R&D投入显著负相关,可以证明企业金融化对R&D投入具有明显的挤出效应。(2)高管持股与股权集中度的提高能有效弱化企业金融化对R&D投入的负向影响,而高管薪酬与独立董事比例的提高对企业金融化与R&D投入负向关系的弱化效果不明显。(3)相比于非国有企业,挤出效应与弱化效应在国有企业中表现的更为显著。