How R&D investment promotes green technology innovation in the context of digitalization?-An empirical analysis based on provincial panel data

Green technology innovation is an important driving force and source to promote my country’s high-quality development,and it is the core path to achieve sustainable development.This paper uses my country’s provincial panel data from 2016 to 2019 to study the impact mechanism of R&D investment on green technology innovation,and introduces the level of digitization,using the panel threshold model to discuss its role in the impact mechanism of R&D investment on green technology innovation.The study found that when the level of digitalization in a region is low,increasing R&D investment does not necessarily improve the ability of green technology innovation;when the level of digitalization is relatively high,R&D investment has a positive role in promoting green technology innovation.Therefore,it is necessary to improve policies to encourage enterprises to increase investment in research and development;at the same time,it is necessary to promote the coordinated development of digital foundation,digital investment,digital literacy,digital economy and digital application,and promote the deep integration of digitalization and green technology innovation.

Research on the Threshold Effect of China’s Pharmaceutical Export Trade on Internal and External R&D Investment

Objective To study the threshold effect of export trade on internal and external R&D investment in China’s pharmaceutical industry,and to provide reference for some pharmaceutical enterprises to improve the investment.Methods The panel data of pharmaceutical industry in 25 provinces and cities in China from 2009 to 2019 were selected to conduct empirical analysis by establishing a threshold regression model,and a better export trade interval was obtained.Results and Conclusion There is a threshold value for the effect of new product export on both internal and external R&D expenditures,and the threshold values are 845.2788 million yuan and 318.4198 million yuan,respectively.There is a single threshold effect of export trade on both internal and external R&D investment in China’s pharmaceutical industry,and the effect of export trade on internal and external R&D investment changes from negative to positive as the export trade develops from low to high.

Socio-economic and energy-environmental impacts of technological change on China's agricultural development under the carbon neutrality strategy

Promoting agricultural modernisation through technological change is an important strategy for China.China's carbon neutrality strategy is leading to systemic socio-economic changes that could exacerbate the uncertainty of agricultural development.Therefore,applying a computable general equilibrium(CGE)model,this study characterises the agricultural sector in detail,introducing endogenous technological change proxied by research and development(R&D)to assess the impact of different technological change scenarios on agricultural development under the carbon neutrality target.The results show that allocating carbon revenue for R&D inputs can mitigate the significant negative impact of achieving carbon neutrality on knowledge capital and production in agricultural sectors.Overall,using carbon revenue only for R&D input in crop sectors has the optimal effect on increasing the agricultural sectors'knowledge capital,improving crop production and profit,reducing crop external dependence and promoting the synergistic reduction of carbon and pollutant emissions.However,this scenario has the largest negative impact on macro-economics and household welfare.In contrast,allocating carbon revenue to promote technological change in broader non-energy sectors or both crops and non-energy sectors can effectively mitigate negative socio-economic impacts,but the positive impact on agricultural development is minimal.These findings provide practical insights for the rational use of carbon revenue to expand agricultural R&D investment and ensure balanced agricultural and economic development under the carbon neutrality target.

Effects of investment on energy intensity:evidence from China

This article explores the effects of investment upon energy intensity by applying a unique panel data of China's 27 provinces between 2004 and 2013.In addition,it also particularly stuthes other factors,such as energy price,economic structure,and urbanization.The results,based on four econometric regression model results,suggest that in general,the indigenous investment on research and development is a more powerful tool to decrease China's energy intensity regardless of region disparity.The foreign direct investment(FDI) has a prominent but not persistent effect on energy intensity.However,the outward direct investment has not shown its significant impact on energy intensity.At the level of an aggregate economy and China's eastern region,the results demonstrate that FDI improves energy efficiency significantly.For the central and western provinces,FDI does not support the similar conclusion.Based on these analyses,we present the corresponding regional policies for policymakers.

Research on the Relationship between Export Orientation and R&D Investment of China’s Pharmaceutical Industry in Different Regions

Objective To study the relationship between export orientation and research and development(R&D)investment so as to provide suggestions and references for improving the R&D investment level and innovation capabilities of pharmaceutical industry due to the progress of globalization and the continuous development of export trade of China’s pharmaceutical industry.Methods The relevant data of China’s pharmaceutical industry from 2001 to 2016 was selected to establish an error correction model based on the co-integration theory,and then the Granger causality test was conducted to determine the relationship between the export orientation and R&D investment of China’s pharmaceutical industry in different regions.Results and Conclusion It is found that the export orientation of the pharmaceutical industry in different regions has a significant negative impact on the investment of R&D.Among them,the middle region has the greatest impact,followed by the eastern and western regions.The export orientation of the pharmaceutical industry in the middle region has a lag effect on R&D investment,and the lag phase is two years.

Demonstration Analysis of Relationship Between R&D Investment and GDP

To reveal the quantitative relationship between research and development (R&D) investment and gross domestic product (GDP) in China, we have demonstrated and analyzed the relationship between R&D investment and science and technology (S&T) progress, and based on a mount of S&T statistical data, have proceeded demonstration research of the relationship between R&D investment and GDP in China with Solow and vector auto regression (VAR) models. Cubic curve fitting and cross-correlation analysis of them with SPSS have shown that there is a strong synchronic relationship between R&D investment and GDP.

Research on the Impact of Venture Risk Tolerance on R&D investments:Based on Entrepreneur Ability

How do start-ups enhance risk tolerance and core competition through product,technology,and service development?What is the relationship between the core competitiveness of start-ups and R&D investments?Based on the perspective of entrepreneurial ability,222 questionnaires were used to study the factors affecting the risk tolerance of start-ups and analyze the effect of risk tolerance on R&D investments.The research shows that the interactions of entrepreneur ability and start-up funds have a positive effect on the risk tolerance of start-ups,and the risk tolerance can positively promote R&D investment willingness and intensity for new products,technologies,and services.Also,R&D investment willingness plays a partial intermediary role between the risk tolerance of start-ups and the intensity of R&D investments.

Relationship between R&D investment and business performance from the perspective of environmental regulation: Takeing the heavy-polluting industries from 2011 to 2016 as an example

In recent years, China has promulgated many laws and regulations of environmental protection, gradually forming an environmental regulation system, and most enterprises are under the dual pressure of environmental protection and business performance. It would be a significant way that enterprises undertake R&D activities for a change. This paper is based on the Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed heavy pollution enterprises in 2011-2016, which is based on the review and summary of research results of former researchers, combining with current environmental regulation situation of our country, raising the relevant hypothesis between environmental regulations, R&D investment and business performance against heavy pollution industry. Adopting the method of empirical research, it also built the linear regression model which employs the relevant financial data of heavy-polluting enterprises in China as the statistical research sample. The relationship for heavy-polluting enterprises affected by environmental regulations between environmental protection R&D investment and enterprise business performance was tested. The results show that there is a positive influence on the environmental R&D investment and business performance, and a lag effect upon the R&D investment of enterprises to business performance. Finally, the research results were used to evaluates problems existing in the R&D investment on pollution industry in China as well as business performance and we put forward some suggestions on improving environmental regulation standards and technology innovation consciousness as well as optimizing the structure of R&D investment.

Research on the Relationship between Salary Incentives for R&D Personnel and R&D Investment in China’s Pharmaceutical Industry

Objective To explore the relationship between salary incentives for R&D personnel and R&D investment in China’s pharmaceutical industry through an empirical analysis so as to propose suggestions for increasing more R&D investment from the perspective of stimulating R&D personnel.Methods Based on the relevant data of the China’s pharmaceutical industry in the“China High-tech Industry Statistical Yearbook”and other data from the National Bureau of Statistics from 1995 to 2018,co-integration tests was used to construct error correction models and Granger causality tests to explore the relationship between R&D personnel salary incentives and R&D investment.Results and Conclusion There is a long-term balanced relationship between the salary level of R&D personnel in China’s pharmaceutical industry and the investment of R&D.For the per capita salary of R&D personnel increases by 1 unit,the internal expenditure of R&D investment will increase by 2.2451 units.In the short term,the per capita salary of R&D personnel has a slight negative impact on the internal expenditure of R&D investment.In addition,the salary incentives for R&D personnel have the most significant role in promoting R&D investment after five years of implementation.

Research on the Relationship between the Profitability and R&D Investment of Enterprises of Different Scales in China’s Pharmaceutical Industry

Objective To analyze the relationship between the profitability of pharmaceutical enterprises of different scales and their R&D investment.Methods The data of China’s pharmaceutical manufacturing industry from 1995 to 2016 were selected to establish a vector auto-regression mode,and then an impulse response function and variance decomposition were used to analyze the data.Results and Conclusion For large-scale pharmaceutical enterprises,1%increase in R&D input will lead to 0.792%increase of their main business profit.For medium-sized enterprises,if their main business profit increases by 1%,their R&D input will increase by 0.965%.Therefore,if their R&D input increases by 1%,their main business profit will increase by 1.036%.The improvement of the profitability of large-scale pharmaceutical enterprises cannot promote the increase of R&D capital investment.But the increase of profitability from medium-sized enterprises can promote the increase of R&D capital investment.As a result,the increase of R&D capital investment of large and medium-sized enterprises can improve corporate profitability.

Asymptotic Evaluations of the Stability Index for a Markov Control Process with the Expected Total Discounted Reward Criterion

In this work, for a control consumption-investment process with the discounted reward optimization criteria, a numerical estimate of the stability index is made. Using explicit formulas for the optimal stationary policies and for the value functions, the stability index is explicitly calculated and through statistical techniques its asymptotic behavior is investigated (using numerical experiments) when the discount coefficient approaches 1. The results obtained define the conditions under which an approximate optimal stationary policy can be used to control the original process.

Nonlinear Differential Equation of Macroeconomic Dynamics for Long-Term Forecasting of Economic Development

In this article we derive a general differential equation that describes long-term economic growth in terms of cyclical and trend components. Equation is based on the model of non-linear accelerator of induced investment. A scheme is proposed for obtaining approximate solutions of nonlinear differential equation by splitting solution into the rapidly oscillating business cycles and slowly varying trend using Krylov-Bogoliubov-Mitropolsky averaging. Simplest modes of the economic system are described. Characteristics of the bifurcation point are found and bifurcation phenomenon is interpreted as loss of stability making the economic system available to structural change and accepting innovations. System being in a nonequilibrium state has a dynamics with self-sustained undamped oscillations. The model is verified with economic development of the US during the fifth Kondratieff cycle (1982-2010). Model adequately describes real process of economic growth in both quantitative and qualitative aspects. It is one of major results that the model gives a rough estimation of critical points of system stability loss and falling into a crisis recession. The model is used to forecast the macroeconomic dynamics of the US during the sixth Kondratieff cycle (2018-2050). For this forecast we use fixed production capital functional dependence on a long-term Kondratieff cycle and medium-term Juglar and Kuznets cycles. More accurate estimations of the time of crisis and recession are based on the model of accelerating log-periodic oscillations. The explosive growth of the prices of highly liquid commodities such as gold and oil is taken as real predictors of the global financial crisis. The second wave of crisis is expected to come in June 2011.

改进的差分演化算法及其在资金决策中的应用

针对传统的基本差分演化算法存在对参数设置太过于敏感,算法容易陷入早熟收敛、稳定性不强等等缺陷,提出了改进措施,采取了对称算法来保持种群多样性,通过变异个体,对称个体,个体三者进行有效竞争,增强算法的全局搜索能力;同时采用了轮盘赌的选择策略和二次变异算子保证种群个体的有效性与多样性,增加算法的全局稳定性.文中的算法应用于求解资金决策分配问题上,通过模拟仿真,该算法在稳定性、收敛速度、求解的精度方面优于其他被比较的算法.

以进促稳巩固外资基本盘:意义、挑战与发力方向

当前国内外经济环境深刻变化,巩固外资基本盘不仅可以继续发挥外商投资在我国的积极作用,助力国民经济企稳向好,而且有助于我国在制度竞争中占据优势、加快构建开放型经济体制、维护世界制造中心地位、构建新发展格局、抓住新一轮产业革命契机。巩固外商投资基本盘,需要处理好吸收利用外资“稳”与“进”的关系,以进促稳,扩大高水平对外开放,建设国际一流营商环境,着力打造“投资中国”品牌,提升外商投资质量和水平。

数字政府对长三角高质量利用外资的影响研究

在数字革命背景下,数字政府已经成为高质量利用外资的重要增长极。基于FDI质量视角,结合国脉网提供的电子政务数据,从理论和实证两个方面考察了数字政府对长三角高质量利用外资的影响。研究表明,数字政府通过降低交易成本、提振创新能力与产业结构升级三种渠道显著促进了长三角高质量利用外资;数字政府对长三角高质量利用外资的促进作用会因税收规模、智慧城市建设以及开放程度而表现出一定差异;数字政府有利于促进长三角利用外资“稳中提质”。这些结论对长三角推进政府数字化建设、实现经济高质量发展具有重要意义。

企业加强ESG实践能否助力企业高质量发展--来自中国上市公司的证据

微观企业的高质量发展对于宏观经济的高质量发展至关重要。以可持续发展为核心的ESG体系将重塑企业的经营理念,深刻影响企业行为,由此成为推动企业高质量发展的有效抓手。本文以2010-2020年中国沪深A股上市公司为研究样本,从多个维度对企业高质量发展进行度量,实证检验企业加强ESG实践对于企业高质量发展的助力作用。研究发现:(1)企业加强ESG实践可以通过缓解融资约束、提高研发投入和提升供应链稳定性等渠道助力企业的高质量发展,且该结论经过一系列稳健性检验之后依旧成立。(2)异质性检验表明,对于国有企业和营商环境较好地区的企业来说,其助力效果更显著。(3)拓展分析表明,ESG评级的不确定性会误导和模糊信号的传递,从而削弱对于企业高质量发展的助力作用。本文的研究在理论上为构建中国特色的ESG体系提供了经验支持,在实践上为推动企业的高质量发展提供了新思路。

SD在金川龙首矿充填系统稳定性预测中的应用

为解决制约矿井充填系统稳定性发展的难题,以金川龙首矿为例,建立基于系统动力学(SD)的充填系统稳定性预测模型。首先,根据充填系统稳定性不同的投入方式,选取6个子系统和20个影响因子,用层次分析法(AHP)确定其权重。其次,通过参数估计法和专家评分确定SD模型参数,并基于SD模型研究不同投入情况下的稳定性发展趋势。最后,利用Vensim软件获得5个子系统中最主要的影响因子,以及决定系统整体稳定性的关键子系统,并预测金川龙首矿充填系统的稳定性。结果表明,为确保充填系统的稳定,该矿应在稳定性评价水平、设备维护修理水平、关键技术研究水平、料浆跑浆漏浆监测水平及安全素质方面增加投资,需就安全行为水平加强投入和管理。

经济政策不确定性、FDI稳定性及其研发投资密度--基于资产专用性视角的研究

基于资产专用性衡量外商直接投资(FDI)异质性,在实物期权理论框架内探究经济政策确定性程度变化对FDI规模、稳定性及技术结构的影响机制,并采用制造业24行业外资企业数据进行验证。研究表明,经济政策确定性程度的下降对FDI规模存在抑制作用,并导致其高水平的波动,且受到资产专用性的正向调节。实证研究表明,2001年我国加入WTO后,可预期的政策环境中FDI呈现稳步增长态势;2008年金融危机后,政策不确定性的攀升引致制造业FDI增速下滑并伴随着波动性上升。进一步的研究发现,蕴含高水平资产专用性投资的研发密集型FDI对经济政策确定性程度更加敏感,一致、透明和可预期的政策环境的营造不但有利于提升FDI稳定度,对吸引高水平FDI更加具有针对性和有效性。

基于制度质量视角的中国内向FDI区域发展不平衡解释

利用1999-2013年中国30个省(自治区、直辖市)平均每3年期的面板数据,设定跨省面板固定效应模型,检验了制度有效性和制度稳定性对中国内向FDI的影响。结果表明:各省的制度质量差异是导致中国内向FDI区域发展不平衡的主要原因,一省的FDI流入量与该省的制度有效性和稳定性正相关;与制度稳定性相比,制度有效性对中国内向FDI的影响相对较大且较稳定,制度有效性是影响内向FDI的关键因素。