项目生命周期视角下美国DARPA先进技术开发项目管理实践与经验

美国国防部高级研究计划局(Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency,DARPA)先进技术开发项目是研发目标明确、项目体量大、综合性强的任务导向型项目。基于科技项目生命周期过程管理研究基础,建立了科技项目管理分析框架,选取DARPA高空长航时无人机项目为典型案例,从项目选题、项目立项、项目实施、项目验收与转化4个阶段对DARPA先进技术开发项目管理实践进行梳理,总结了DARPA开展此类任务导向型科技项目的管理经验,以期为中国相关科技项目管理工作提供参考。

Research on the Low Carbon Development Strategy of the Real Estate Enterprise Based on the Whole Life Cycle of the Project

This paper analyzes the present development situations of the real estate industry, puts forwards the low carbon development strategies based on the project life cycle for the real estate enterprises, and points out the corresponding assistant suggestions according to the predicament in the implementation of low carbon strategy. The purpose is to provide a theoretical reference for low carbon development of the real estate enterprises and the healthy and sustainable development of the real estate industry.

Review of Oil and Gas Development Life Cycle Project Management (LCPM)

The effective implementation of the project management plays a core roll in avoiding bad project use effect and waste of funds, caused by asset management planning and design errors or equipment selection errors;meanwhile, it can effectively improve the operational efficiency of enterprise assets, lower operating costs and save resources. In June 1974, A. Gordon published a paper “3L Economics Concept” as the starting point, on the “Building and Quantity Surveying”, which is organized by the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors. In this paper, a review of domestic and foreign research, from 1974 to 2015, on the total life cycle management progress will be given, and then a comment on it will be established. After detailed investigation and analysis of related materials, we can draw a conclusion: the study of the oil and gas development project lifecycle management is just beginning now. Hence, building the whole life cycle planning index system in line with the characteristics of oil and gas development project is very necessary.

Sino-Canadian Project on Carbon Cycle Kicks Off

A Sino-Canadian research project titled "Responding to the global warming: Improving China's carbon storage capacity" was officially initiated on August 2.……

Application of system dynamics for assessment of sustainable performance of construction projects

Sustainable performance is expected to become a major factor when examining the feasibility of a construction project in terms of its life cycle performance. The study on which this paper is based developed a simulation model, using system dy- namics methodology, to assess the sustainable performance of projects. Three major factors are used to examine project sus- tainable performance (PSP): the sustainability of economic development (E), the sustainability of social development (S), and the sustainability of environmental development (En). Sustainable development ability (SDA) was used as a prototype to evaluate the degree of sustainable performance. The simulation software ‘ithink’ was used to help with the application of the model to a real life case. This paper explains and demonstrates the procedures used to develop the model and finally offers an approach for assessing the feasibility of a construction project in terms of its sustainable performance.

Wet-Dry Runoff Correlation in Western Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project,China

The Western Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project is an important trans-basin diversion project to transfer water from the upstream Yangtze River and its tributaries （water-exporting area）, to the upstream of the Yellow River （water- importing area）. The long-term hydrologieal data from 14 stream gauging stations in the Western Route area and techniques including the pre-whitening approach, non-parametric test, Bayes, law, variance analysis extrapolation, and Wavelet Analysis are applied to identify the streamflow eharacteristics and trends, streamflow time series cross-correlations, wetness-dryness encountering probability, and periodicities that occurred over the last 50 years. The results show that the water-exporting area, water- importing area, and the streteh downstream of the water-exporting have synehronization in high-low flow relationship, whereas they display non- synchronization in long-term evolution. This corresponds to the complicated and variable climate of the plateau region. There is no obvious increasing or decreasing trend in runoff at any gauging station. The best hydrological eompensation probability for rivers where water is diverted is about 25% to lO%, and those rivers influenced significantly by diversion are the Jinsha and Yalong rivers. Proper planning and design of compensation reservoirs for the water-exporting area and stretch downstream of the water- exporting area can increase the hydrological compensation possibility from water-exporting area to the water-importing area, and reduce the impact on the stretch of river downstream of the water- exporting area.

基于PDCA循环理论项目式实践教学方法研究

在项目式教学中引入PDCA循环理论,可以不断提升实践教学的质量。形成了项目计划阶段、项目执行阶段和项目改进及检查阶段共三个阶段,不断优化调整项目方案中的各个任务质量。以跨境电子商务课程为例,教学模式提供了具体设计与实施方法:进行线上线下实践,基于工作过程设计项目方案,小组合作完成项目方案,采用多元检查与评价,最后进行反思与总结。

Comparison of life cycle assessment of large-scale biogas projects with different raw materials in China

The anaerobic digestion(AD)disposal of stover and cattle manure is of great significance to the development of low-carbon economy and green energy in China,but it will also have an impact on the environment,and the degree of influence is different for various raw materials.In this study,life cycle assessment(LCA)methods were applied to analyze and compare the impact of corn stovers biogas projects(CSBP)and dairy manure biogas projects(DMBP)on the environment during the whole operation stage.The results of inventory analysis were evaluated by ReCiPe2016 Hierarchy(H)mid-point(problem-oriented)and end-point(destruction-oriented)method,respectively.The results showed that the net energy efficiency of CSBP was higher(763.903 kW·h/FU)and the greenhouse gas(GHG)emission reduction of DMBP was more(5541.418 kg CO_(2)-eq/FU).The anaerobic digestion(AD)units have the greatest environmental impacts,and human carcinogenic toxicity is the largest environmental impact category(1.16-1.43 PE).The key to reducing environmental impact is reducing the input of chemical substances and the waste of electric energy.Both CSBP and DMBP have a favorable impact on ecosystem quality and resources,and CSBP is more beneficial to the environment(-10.297 Pt).Co-digestion is an important measure to reduce the environmental damage from biogas projects.These research results provide theoretical support for the selection of raw materials for large-scale biogas projects in China,provide technical basis for reducing the impact of actual operation on the environment,and promote the resource utilization of agricultural waste and carbon dioxide emission reduction and sequestration.

基于项目化教学法与PDCA循环的翻转课堂实现探析——以深圳职业技术大学商务日语交际课程为例

“互联网+”时代背景下,高校外语教学不应沿用以教师讲授为中心的传统教学模式。可融合多种教学法,运用信息化教学手段,通过PDCA循环构建以学生的自主学习及合作学习为主、涵盖语言输入与输出的“教学做”一体化项目化教学模式,实现以学生为主导的翻转课堂,提升学生的自主学习能力和团队合作精神,打造具有外语实际运用能力的复合型人才。

Effects of Sunspot on the Multi-Decadal Climate Projections

Most model generated projections of climate change for the future decades only consider anthro- pogenic activities. It is hard to think about the effects of solar activity and volcano effects, because the pre- dictions of both solar activity and volcano effects are difficult. But as we know, the sun is the source of en- ergy for the Earth＇s climate system, and observations show it to be a variable star.

LIRR "R&D and Industrialization of High PerformanceFunctional Refractories for Metallurgy New Technology" Project Gained Fund Support

Checked by Henan Province Development and Relbrm Commission and Henan Province MunicipalFinance （）ffice, the “R ＆ I） and Industrialization of High Performance Functional Refractories for Metallurgy New Technology” project declared by 1,1RR gained a special fund support on self-renovation and products structure adjustment. The project will realize the technology integration and industriali-zation of key refractories including purging component, metering nozzle and toil and belt continuous casting nozzle, etc. through building high performance functional refractories production lines for metallurgy new technology.

A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO R&D PROJECTS WINNING SPECIAL-GRADE AND FIRST-GRADE PRIZES AT THE 1994 CAS AWARDS FOR S&T PROGRESS

Following a thorough examination and appraisal by the Awards jury and after ratification by the CAS President’s Working Conference, a total of 15 R&D projects were granted special-grade prizes and 13 first-grade prizesrespectively at the 1994 CAS Awards for S&T Progress.A brief introduction of them is given as follows:

A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO THE R&D PROJECTS WINNING SPECIAL-GRADE AND FIRST-GRADE PRIZES OF THE 1993 CAS AWARDS FOR S&T PROGRESS

In the wake of examination,appraisal and recommendation by the jury of the CAS Awards for S&T Progress and ratified by the CAS President’s Working Conference, 29 R&D projects was confered one special-grade prize and 28 first-grade prizes of the 1993 CAS Awards for S&T Progress respectively. A brief introduction to them is as follows: SPECIAL PRIZE (1 ITEM)

基于全生命周期的R&D项目综合绩效评价系统模型研究

现有关于R&D项目综合绩效评价的研究大部分都是针对组织绩效展开的。在对国内外学者提出的综合绩效评价方法进行梳理的基础上,结合项目生命周期的3个阶段,提出了影响R&D项目绩效的8个关键因素,构建了基于R&D项目全生命周期的动态整体绩效评价系统模型,用于衡量整个生命周期中各个时间点的R&D绩效。

Uncertainty of Climate Response to Natural and Anthropogenic Forcings Due to Different Land Use Scenarios

The A.M.Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Russian Academy of Sciences （IAP RAS） climate model （CM） of intermediate complexity is extended by a spatially explicit terrestrial carbon cycle module.Numerical experiments with the IAP RAS CM are performed forced by the reconstructions of anthropogenic and natural forcings for the 16th to the 20th centuries and by combined SRES （Special Report on Emission Scenarios） A2-LUH （Land Use Harmonization） anthropogenic scenarios for the 21st century.Hereby,the impact of uncertainty in land-use scenarios on results of simulations with a coupled climate-carbon cycle model is tested.The simulations of the model realistically reproduced historical changes in carbon cycle characteristics.In the IAP RAS CM,climate warming reproduced in the 20th and 21st centuries enhanced terrestrial net primary production but terrestrial carbon uptake was suppressed due to an overcompensating increase in soil respiration.Around year 2100,the simulations the model forced by different land use scenarios diverged markedly,by about 70 Pg （C） in terms of biomass and soil carbon stock but they differed only by about 10 ppmv in terms of atmospheric carbon dioxide content.

无人机LiDAR场地勘测及BIM规划设计研究与实践

基于无人机激光雷达航测获取地面几何模型和影像信息具有快速、高效和高精度的特点,而且其数字化成果具备向建筑信息模型(BIM)平台迁移的优势,使用无人机激光雷达设备开展了测图全流程实验,并分析了航测数据精度,探索了利用成果数据进行BIM规划设计应用的可行性及意义。研究成果验证了无人机LiDAR测绘数据作为BIM前期工程项目数据的可行性,提升了BIM设计的效率,拓展了工程全生命周期数据链形式。

Network Analysis for Projects with High Risk Levels in Uncertain Environments

The critical path method is one of the oldest and most important techniques used for planning and scheduling projects.The main objective of project management science is to determine the critical path through a network representation of projects.The critical path through a network can be determined by many algorithms and is useful for managing,monitoring,and controlling the time and cost of an entire project.The essential problem in this case is that activity durations are uncertain;time presents considerable uncertainty because the time of an activity is not always easily or accurately estimated.This issue increases the need to use neutrosophic theory to solve the critical path problem.Real-world problems are characterized by a lack of precision,consistency,and completeness.The concept of neutrosophic sets has been introduced as a generalization of fuzzy,intuitionistic fuzzy,and crisp sets to overcome the ambiguity surrounding real-world problems.Truth-,falsity-,and indeterminacy-membership functions are used to express neutrosophic elements.This study was performed to examine a neutrosophic event-oriented algorithm for determining the critical path in activity-on-arc networks.The activity time estimates are presented as trapezoidal neutrosophic numbers,and score and accuracy functions are used to obtain a crisp model of the problem.An appropriate numerical example is then used to explain the proposed method.

基于PDRI的PPP项目全寿命周期管理评价指标体系研究

目前,PPP模式已广泛应用于基础设施及公共服务等领域。采用PDRI评价法,将PPP项目全寿命周期的管理内容与建设项目管理内容相结合,构建PPP项目PDRI评价系统,从而识别出PPP项目管理工作中的关键内容,为PPP项目管理工作提供参考。

PDCA循环及三阶段管理在建筑工程质量管理中的应用

随着我国建筑行业的高速发展,人们的生活水平不断提高,对建筑功能性美观度的要求持续提升,对工程质量管理的要求更高。文章以某高校教学楼建筑工程为例,基于三阶段管理理论,对如何提高建筑工程质量管理展开对策研究,探讨PDCA循环及三阶段管理方法的应用,并阐明现代建筑工程质量管理的中心方向,为实现建筑工程全面质量管理提供理论指导。

基于PDCA循环管理持续改进科研项目申请书格式质量

目的:探讨PDCA循环法在医院科研项目申请书格式质量中的持续应用效果。方法:基于上年度PDCA循环理念管理初步成效并总结管理薄弱环节,进一步分析医院科研项目申请书格式不规范的原因,利用PDCA循环法制定计划、对策并实施,重点对初次申报课题人员深入开展嵌入式服务,加强培训与辅导,同时建立申请者审查责任机制,引导申报者树立主体责任意识,进行持续跟踪管理,并比较指标变化情况。结果:实施PDCA循环法后,科研项目申请书格式规范率较上一年度提高(P<0.05),研究人员不同学历、申报经验及课题级别与科研项目申请书格式规范率的差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05),本科及以下、硕士及以上、非初次申报人员、纵向课题(厅局级及省部级课题)、限额及不限额项目近3年的申请书格式规范率前后比较均有较明显的提高(均P<0.05)。结论:PDCA循环法可有效提高科研项目申请书格式质量,科研主管部门要重点关注初次申报者与横向课题的申请书格式质量,引导申报者树立主体审查责任意识,提高其自查能力,以持续改进科研项目申请书格式质量。