Background: The guidance of prospective therapists focused on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is most often made by groups of four students. However, learning therapist skills is a sensitive process that will be af...Background: The guidance of prospective therapists focused on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is most often made by groups of four students. However, learning therapist skills is a sensitive process that will be affected by the processes which occur within the group. Objective: The aim was to examine prospective psychotherapists’ attitudes to group assessments based on the revised version of the Cognitive Therapy Scale (CTS-R). Method: Participants were 56 students with an average age of 45.65 years (range = 31 - 64). They were recruited from psychotherapy training at the Gothenburg University and the Evidens University College in Sweden. A questionnaire was constructed in which the questions were answered by check on visual analogue scales (VAS). Results: A majority of students consisting of 38 participants (68%) had a very positive approach to group assessments, while a minority of 18 participants (32%) was more negative. Most crucial for how to answer the question of group assessments was whether they considered themselves as fairly evaluated by their student colleagues within the group and whether or not only the supervisor should make the assessments. The view of group assessments (negative or positive) was not related to age, gender, and level of education in CBT or profession. In addition, both groups had a very positive view of both the CTS-R and the supervisors. Conclusion: It was concluded that more studies with the same focus are needed to determine the extent to which the results are generalizable.展开更多
A presentation of hyperbolic unitary group is an important part in the unitary group. The group KG 2,n (R) plays an elementary role in presentation of unitary group. It is proved that KG 2,n(R)=1 for n≥2 over a...A presentation of hyperbolic unitary group is an important part in the unitary group. The group KG 2,n (R) plays an elementary role in presentation of unitary group. It is proved that KG 2,n(R)=1 for n≥2 over a ring R with division ring of quotients, using a new method, and a presentation of GE n(R) is given.展开更多
文摘Background: The guidance of prospective therapists focused on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is most often made by groups of four students. However, learning therapist skills is a sensitive process that will be affected by the processes which occur within the group. Objective: The aim was to examine prospective psychotherapists’ attitudes to group assessments based on the revised version of the Cognitive Therapy Scale (CTS-R). Method: Participants were 56 students with an average age of 45.65 years (range = 31 - 64). They were recruited from psychotherapy training at the Gothenburg University and the Evidens University College in Sweden. A questionnaire was constructed in which the questions were answered by check on visual analogue scales (VAS). Results: A majority of students consisting of 38 participants (68%) had a very positive approach to group assessments, while a minority of 18 participants (32%) was more negative. Most crucial for how to answer the question of group assessments was whether they considered themselves as fairly evaluated by their student colleagues within the group and whether or not only the supervisor should make the assessments. The view of group assessments (negative or positive) was not related to age, gender, and level of education in CBT or profession. In addition, both groups had a very positive view of both the CTS-R and the supervisors. Conclusion: It was concluded that more studies with the same focus are needed to determine the extent to which the results are generalizable.
文摘为了降低因Z-R关系不确定导致的雷达定量降水估测(Quantitative Precipitation Estimation,简称QPE)误差,提出了基于云团的分组Z-R关系拟合方案,在风暴单体识别算法得到的不同降水云团或同一个云团内部的不同数据分组区域内,拟合并采用不同的Z-R关系反演地面降水信息。以2013年6月5—7日的梅雨锋过程为例,使用覆盖长江中下游地区的28部多普勒雷达和全国逐分钟雨量计的观测资料,对单一动态关系、简单分组Z-R关系以及基于云团的分组ZR关系反演的雷达1 h QPE进行效果对比和误差分析,结果表明:(1)基于云团的分组Z-R关系可以有效识别降水云系的局部特征,这是基于云团的分组Z-R关系优于其他两种Z-R关系方案的重要原因。(2)雷达波束部分遮挡导致的偏弱反射率因子,对雷达QPE数据场的不连续性和Z-R关系的不确定性均有影响。(3)雷达硬件或雷达标定引入的偏强(弱)的反射率因子,与简单分组Z-R关系得到的雷达QPE局部高(低)估相关,这降低了简单分组Z-R关系在大范围降水过程中的适用性,但对基于云团的分组Z-R关系的影响较小。
文摘A presentation of hyperbolic unitary group is an important part in the unitary group. The group KG 2,n (R) plays an elementary role in presentation of unitary group. It is proved that KG 2,n(R)=1 for n≥2 over a ring R with division ring of quotients, using a new method, and a presentation of GE n(R) is given.
