Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a usual way for analysing experiments. However, depending on the design and/or the analysis scheme, it can be a hard task. ExpDes, acronym for Experimental Designs, is a package that in...Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a usual way for analysing experiments. However, depending on the design and/or the analysis scheme, it can be a hard task. ExpDes, acronym for Experimental Designs, is a package that intends to turn such task easier. Devoted to fixed models and balanced experiments (no missing data), ExpDes allows user to deal with additional treatments in a single run, several experiment designs and exhibits standard and easy-to-interpret outputs. It was developed at the Exact Sciences Institute of the Federal University of Alfenas, Brazil. Stable versions of package ExpDes are available on CRAN (Comprehensive R Archive Network) since 2012. Based on users’ feedback, the package was used to illustrate graduation and post-graduation classes and to carry out data analysis, in Brazil and many other countries. Package ExpDes differs from the other R tools in its easiness in use and cleanliness of output.展开更多
Accurate estimation of crop evapotranspiration(ETc) and soil water balance, which is vital for optimizing water management strategy in crop production, can be performed by simulation. But existing software has many de...Accurate estimation of crop evapotranspiration(ETc) and soil water balance, which is vital for optimizing water management strategy in crop production, can be performed by simulation. But existing software has many deficiencies, including complex operation, limited scalability, lack of batch processing, and a single ETc model. Here we present simET, an open-source software package written in the R programming language. Many concepts involved in crop ETc simulation are condensed into functions in the package. It includes three widely used crop ETc models built on these functions: the single-crop coefficient,double-crop coefficient, and Shuttleworth–Wallace models, along with tools for preparing model data and comparing estimates. SimET supports ETc simulation in crops with repeated growth cycles such as alfalfa, a perennial forage crop that is cut multiple times annually.展开更多
Metallic elements have various origins: natural and anthropogenic sources as geochemical, marine and atmospheric sources resulting from the fallout of pollutants emitted or dust raised and which are transported by wat...Metallic elements have various origins: natural and anthropogenic sources as geochemical, marine and atmospheric sources resulting from the fallout of pollutants emitted or dust raised and which are transported by water and air currents. Thus marine, brackish and fresh continental waters may have high metal concentrations. In addition, some essential metals can become toxic above certain concentration values in aquatic environments. The aquatic ecosystems of Cotonou channel and lake Nokoué receive the pollutants charges from the town cities of Cotonou, Abomey-Calavi and town hall of So Ava. The aim of this study is to analyze waters from Eighteen (18) stations identified in the two ecosystems (nine by ecosystem). The concentrations of magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), selenium (Se), cadmium (Cd), beryllium (Be), aluminum (Al), strontium (Sr), molybdenum (Mo), silver (Ag), tin (Sn), barium (Ba), platinum (Pt), mercury (Hg), thallium (Tl), lead (Pb), thorium (Th) and uranium (U) were measured after acid digestion of the water samples using the inductively coupled plasma source mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The results of the analyses indicate an unequal distribution of metals in the different ecosystems. However, atypical concentrations were observed at some stations of the lake and the channel. Magnesium, calcium and manganese have very high values in Lake Nokoué respectively at Ganvié market station GAN_M (2990 ± 105 mg/L), Ganvié center, station GAN_C (4991 ± 177 mg/L) and Lake middle station MLak4 (10662 ± 17.03 μg/L). On the other hand, iron, aluminum and strontium have very high concentrations in the Cotonou Channel respectively at Agbato station AGB (5236 ± 103 and 8289 ± 519 μg/L) and at the estuary station EST (6118 ± 68 μg/L). The concentrations were compared to wells and cborehole waters in sixth neighborhood of Cotonou. We have used statistical analyzers such as MANOVA which have made it possible to classify the waters and metals in the ecosystems studied compared to groundwater and Well water waters. We use hierarchical clustering on principal components to identify similarities between stations based on metal concentration with R software packages “FactoMineR” and “factoextra”. In general, we can conclude that most of the metals have an anthropogenic source except strontium and major elements (Ca and Mg) which could respectively provide from marine waters and geochemical sources.展开更多
The Owen’s T function is presented in four new ways, one of them as a series similar to the Euler’s arctangent series divided by 2π, which is its majorant series. All possibilities enable numerically stable ...The Owen’s T function is presented in four new ways, one of them as a series similar to the Euler’s arctangent series divided by 2π, which is its majorant series. All possibilities enable numerically stable and fast convergent computation of the bivariate normal integral with simple recursion. When tested computation on a random sample of one million parameter triplets with uniformly distributed components and using double precision arithmetic, the maximum absolute error was 3.45 × 10<sup>-</sup><sup>16</sup>. In additional testing, focusing on cases with correlation coefficients close to one in absolute value, when the computation may be very sensitive to small rounding errors, the accuracy was retained. In rare potentially critical cases, a simple adjustment to the computation procedure was performed—one potentially critical computation was replaced with two equivalent non-critical ones. All new series are suitable for vector and high-precision computation, assuming they are supplemented with appropriate efficient and accurate computation of the arctangent and standard normal cumulative distribution functions. They are implemented by the R package Phi2rho, available on CRAN. Its functions allow vector arguments and are ready to work with the Rmpfr package, which enables the use of arbitrary precision instead of double precision numbers. A special test with up to 1024-bit precision computation is also presented.展开更多
背景:由于关节软骨的自我修复能力非常有限,自然退变或创伤等引起的关节软骨缺损往往无法自行修复,进而引发或加重骨关节炎,甚至导致严重残疾,因此关节软骨损伤的修复治疗已成为临床上亟待解决的问题。目的:运用文献计量学方法分析归纳...背景:由于关节软骨的自我修复能力非常有限,自然退变或创伤等引起的关节软骨缺损往往无法自行修复,进而引发或加重骨关节炎,甚至导致严重残疾,因此关节软骨损伤的修复治疗已成为临床上亟待解决的问题。目的:运用文献计量学方法分析归纳关节软骨修复领域的研究热点及发展趋势。方法:从Web of Science核心合集中检索2000-2023年关节软骨修复的相关文献,运用VOSviewer、Citespeace和Bibliometrix R-package进行文献计量与可视化分析。结果与结论:关节软骨修复领域年度发文量总体呈现上升趋势,美国、中国、德国是发文量前三的国家,研究机构集中于大学和医院,哈佛大学、纽约特种外科医院、上海交通大学是发文量前三的机构。《AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE》是出版该领域研究文献最多的期刊,《BIOMATERIALS》则是该领域被引次数最多的期刊。“Injectable hydrogels for cartilage and bone tissue engineering”是近10年间发表的被引次数最多的文献,发文量最多的作者是Madry Henning,该领域的活跃作者相互之间形成了多个结构稳定的研究团队,不同团队间的合作有待进一步加强。关节内注射、胫骨高位截骨、水凝胶、药物递送、炎症、软骨再生及支架是当前该领域研究的热点内容,3D打印技术、生物墨水、蚕丝蛋白、可注射水凝胶、外泌体等在关节软骨修复中的应用可能是该领域研究前沿。整合各种创新技术和方法以实现更有效、持久且功能性的关节软骨再生和修复,并通过开展更多高质量的临床研究以促进相关技术和方法的临床转化可能是该领域未来的研究趋势。展开更多
文摘Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a usual way for analysing experiments. However, depending on the design and/or the analysis scheme, it can be a hard task. ExpDes, acronym for Experimental Designs, is a package that intends to turn such task easier. Devoted to fixed models and balanced experiments (no missing data), ExpDes allows user to deal with additional treatments in a single run, several experiment designs and exhibits standard and easy-to-interpret outputs. It was developed at the Exact Sciences Institute of the Federal University of Alfenas, Brazil. Stable versions of package ExpDes are available on CRAN (Comprehensive R Archive Network) since 2012. Based on users’ feedback, the package was used to illustrate graduation and post-graduation classes and to carry out data analysis, in Brazil and many other countries. Package ExpDes differs from the other R tools in its easiness in use and cleanliness of output.
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32171679 and 32201475)。
文摘Accurate estimation of crop evapotranspiration(ETc) and soil water balance, which is vital for optimizing water management strategy in crop production, can be performed by simulation. But existing software has many deficiencies, including complex operation, limited scalability, lack of batch processing, and a single ETc model. Here we present simET, an open-source software package written in the R programming language. Many concepts involved in crop ETc simulation are condensed into functions in the package. It includes three widely used crop ETc models built on these functions: the single-crop coefficient,double-crop coefficient, and Shuttleworth–Wallace models, along with tools for preparing model data and comparing estimates. SimET supports ETc simulation in crops with repeated growth cycles such as alfalfa, a perennial forage crop that is cut multiple times annually.
文摘Metallic elements have various origins: natural and anthropogenic sources as geochemical, marine and atmospheric sources resulting from the fallout of pollutants emitted or dust raised and which are transported by water and air currents. Thus marine, brackish and fresh continental waters may have high metal concentrations. In addition, some essential metals can become toxic above certain concentration values in aquatic environments. The aquatic ecosystems of Cotonou channel and lake Nokoué receive the pollutants charges from the town cities of Cotonou, Abomey-Calavi and town hall of So Ava. The aim of this study is to analyze waters from Eighteen (18) stations identified in the two ecosystems (nine by ecosystem). The concentrations of magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), selenium (Se), cadmium (Cd), beryllium (Be), aluminum (Al), strontium (Sr), molybdenum (Mo), silver (Ag), tin (Sn), barium (Ba), platinum (Pt), mercury (Hg), thallium (Tl), lead (Pb), thorium (Th) and uranium (U) were measured after acid digestion of the water samples using the inductively coupled plasma source mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The results of the analyses indicate an unequal distribution of metals in the different ecosystems. However, atypical concentrations were observed at some stations of the lake and the channel. Magnesium, calcium and manganese have very high values in Lake Nokoué respectively at Ganvié market station GAN_M (2990 ± 105 mg/L), Ganvié center, station GAN_C (4991 ± 177 mg/L) and Lake middle station MLak4 (10662 ± 17.03 μg/L). On the other hand, iron, aluminum and strontium have very high concentrations in the Cotonou Channel respectively at Agbato station AGB (5236 ± 103 and 8289 ± 519 μg/L) and at the estuary station EST (6118 ± 68 μg/L). The concentrations were compared to wells and cborehole waters in sixth neighborhood of Cotonou. We have used statistical analyzers such as MANOVA which have made it possible to classify the waters and metals in the ecosystems studied compared to groundwater and Well water waters. We use hierarchical clustering on principal components to identify similarities between stations based on metal concentration with R software packages “FactoMineR” and “factoextra”. In general, we can conclude that most of the metals have an anthropogenic source except strontium and major elements (Ca and Mg) which could respectively provide from marine waters and geochemical sources.
文摘The Owen’s T function is presented in four new ways, one of them as a series similar to the Euler’s arctangent series divided by 2π, which is its majorant series. All possibilities enable numerically stable and fast convergent computation of the bivariate normal integral with simple recursion. When tested computation on a random sample of one million parameter triplets with uniformly distributed components and using double precision arithmetic, the maximum absolute error was 3.45 × 10<sup>-</sup><sup>16</sup>. In additional testing, focusing on cases with correlation coefficients close to one in absolute value, when the computation may be very sensitive to small rounding errors, the accuracy was retained. In rare potentially critical cases, a simple adjustment to the computation procedure was performed—one potentially critical computation was replaced with two equivalent non-critical ones. All new series are suitable for vector and high-precision computation, assuming they are supplemented with appropriate efficient and accurate computation of the arctangent and standard normal cumulative distribution functions. They are implemented by the R package Phi2rho, available on CRAN. Its functions allow vector arguments and are ready to work with the Rmpfr package, which enables the use of arbitrary precision instead of double precision numbers. A special test with up to 1024-bit precision computation is also presented.
文摘背景:由于关节软骨的自我修复能力非常有限,自然退变或创伤等引起的关节软骨缺损往往无法自行修复,进而引发或加重骨关节炎,甚至导致严重残疾,因此关节软骨损伤的修复治疗已成为临床上亟待解决的问题。目的:运用文献计量学方法分析归纳关节软骨修复领域的研究热点及发展趋势。方法:从Web of Science核心合集中检索2000-2023年关节软骨修复的相关文献,运用VOSviewer、Citespeace和Bibliometrix R-package进行文献计量与可视化分析。结果与结论:关节软骨修复领域年度发文量总体呈现上升趋势,美国、中国、德国是发文量前三的国家,研究机构集中于大学和医院,哈佛大学、纽约特种外科医院、上海交通大学是发文量前三的机构。《AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE》是出版该领域研究文献最多的期刊,《BIOMATERIALS》则是该领域被引次数最多的期刊。“Injectable hydrogels for cartilage and bone tissue engineering”是近10年间发表的被引次数最多的文献,发文量最多的作者是Madry Henning,该领域的活跃作者相互之间形成了多个结构稳定的研究团队,不同团队间的合作有待进一步加强。关节内注射、胫骨高位截骨、水凝胶、药物递送、炎症、软骨再生及支架是当前该领域研究的热点内容,3D打印技术、生物墨水、蚕丝蛋白、可注射水凝胶、外泌体等在关节软骨修复中的应用可能是该领域研究前沿。整合各种创新技术和方法以实现更有效、持久且功能性的关节软骨再生和修复,并通过开展更多高质量的临床研究以促进相关技术和方法的临床转化可能是该领域未来的研究趋势。
