Statistical Channel Modeling for Indoor VLC Communications Based on Channel Measurements

Visible light communication(VLC)has attracted much attention in the research of sixthgeneration(6G)systems.Furthermore,channel modeling is the foundation for designing efficient and robust VLC systems.In this paper,we present extensive VLC channel measurement campaigns in indoor environments,i.e.,an office and a corridor.Based on the measured data,the large-scale fading characteristics and multipath-related characteristics,including omnidirectional optical path loss(OPL),K-factor,power angular spectrum(PAS),angle spread(AS),and clustering characteristics,are analyzed and modeled through a statistical method.Based on the extracted statistics of the above-mentioned channel characteristics,we propose a statistical spatial channel model(SSCM)capable of modeling multipath in the spatial domain.Furthermore,the simulated statistics of the proposed model are compared with the measured statistics.For instance,in the office,the simulated path loss exponent(PLE)and the measured PLE are 1.96and 1.97,respectively.And,the simulated medians of AS and measured medians of AS are 25.94°and 24.84°,respectively.Generally,the fact that the simulated results fit well with measured results has demonstrated the accuracy of our SSCM.

Channel assignment and power allocation for throughput improvement with PPO in B5G heterogeneous edge networks

In Beyond the Fifth Generation(B5G)heterogeneous edge networks,numerous users are multiplexed on a channel or served on the same frequency resource block,in which case the transmitter applies coding and the receiver uses interference cancellation.Unfortunately,uncoordinated radio resource allocation can reduce system throughput and lead to user inequity,for this reason,in this paper,channel allocation and power allocation problems are formulated to maximize the system sum rate and minimum user achievable rate.Since the construction model is non-convex and the response variables are high-dimensional,a distributed Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL)framework called distributed Proximal Policy Optimization(PPO)is proposed to allocate or assign resources.Specifically,several simulated agents are trained in a heterogeneous environment to find robust behaviors that perform well in channel assignment and power allocation.Moreover,agents in the collection stage slow down,which hinders the learning of other agents.Therefore,a preemption strategy is further proposed in this paper to optimize the distributed PPO,form DP-PPO and successfully mitigate the straggler problem.The experimental results show that our mechanism named DP-PPO improves the performance over other DRL methods.

Improving Channel Estimation in a NOMA Modulation Environment Based on Ensemble Learning

This study presents a layered generalization ensemble model for next generation radio mobiles,focusing on supervised channel estimation approaches.Channel estimation typically involves the insertion of pilot symbols with a well-balanced rhythm and suitable layout.The model,called Stacked Generalization for Channel Estimation(SGCE),aims to enhance channel estimation performance by eliminating pilot insertion and improving throughput.The SGCE model incorporates six machine learning methods:random forest(RF),gradient boosting machine(GB),light gradient boosting machine(LGBM),support vector regression(SVR),extremely randomized tree(ERT),and extreme gradient boosting(XGB).By generating meta-data from five models(RF,GB,LGBM,SVR,and ERT),we ensure accurate channel coefficient predictions using the XGB model.To validate themodeling performance,we employ the leave-one-out cross-validation(LOOCV)approach,where each observation serves as the validation set while the remaining observations act as the training set.SGCE performances’results demonstrate higher mean andmedian accuracy compared to the separatedmodel.SGCE achieves an average accuracy of 98.4%,precision of 98.1%,and the highest F1-score of 98.5%,accurately predicting channel coefficients.Furthermore,our proposedmethod outperforms prior traditional and intelligent techniques in terms of throughput and bit error rate.SGCE’s superior performance highlights its efficacy in optimizing channel estimation.It can effectively predict channel coefficients and contribute to enhancing the overall efficiency of radio mobile systems.Through extensive experimentation and evaluation,we demonstrate that SGCE improved performance in channel estimation,surpassing previous techniques.Accordingly,SGCE’s capabilities have significant implications for optimizing channel estimation in modern communication systems.

Rspo3/Lgr5促进N-钙黏蛋白表达参与小鼠肝损伤

目的本文旨在研究在损伤肝组织中,特异性顶部盘状底板反应蛋白3(R-spondin3,Rspo3)上调周细胞N-钙黏蛋白(N-cadherin,Ncad,基因名Cdh2)表达,从而参与小鼠肝损伤。方法采用反转录实时定量聚合酶链反应法(reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction,RT-qPCR)测定Rspo3,小鼠肝组织富含亮氨酸重复序列G蛋白偶联受体5(leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5,Lgr5)和Cdh2 mRNA表达情况;采用蛋白质免疫印迹方法以及免疫荧光染色方法测定Ncad定位以及表达情况;分离并培养小鼠原代骨髓间充质细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell,BMSC),采用靶向Lgr5的RNA干扰实验以确定Rspo3是否通过作用于Lgr5上调Ncad表达。结果在损伤小鼠肝组织中,Rspo3及其受体Lgr5显著上调;肝损伤时黏附连接蛋白Ncad表达上调,且与Rspo3及Lgr5表达量呈正相关;Ncad主要定位于损伤肝脏的周细胞;使用Rspo3处理小鼠原代BMSC能够上调Ncad表达,Lgr5 siRNA能使Ncad水平下降。结论在小鼠损伤肝组织中,Rspo3通过作用于受体Lgr5,上调周细胞中Ncad表达,从而影响小鼠肝损伤。

Adaptive Resource Allocation Algorithm for 5G Vehicular Cloud Communication

The current resource allocation in 5G vehicular networks for mobile cloud communication faces several challenges,such as low user utilization,unbalanced resource allocation,and extended adaptive allocation time.We propose an adaptive allocation algorithm for mobile cloud communication resources in 5G vehicular networks to address these issues.This study analyzes the components of the 5G vehicular network architecture to determine the performance of different components.It is ascertained that the communication modes in 5G vehicular networks for mobile cloud communication include in-band and out-of-band modes.Furthermore,this study analyzes the single-hop and multi-hop modes in mobile cloud communication and calculates the resource transmission rate and bandwidth in different communication modes.The study also determines the scenario of one-way and two-way vehicle lane cloud communication network connectivity,calculates the probability of vehicle network connectivity under different mobile cloud communication radii,and determines the amount of cloud communication resources required by vehicles in different lane scenarios.Based on the communication status of users in 5G vehicular networks,this study calculates the bandwidth and transmission rate of the allocated channels using Shannon’s formula.It determines the adaptive allocation of cloud communication resources,introduces an objective function to obtain the optimal solution after allocation,and completes the adaptive allocation process.The experimental results demonstrate that,with the application of the proposed method,the maximum utilization of user communication resources reaches approximately 99%.The balance coefficient curve approaches 1,and the allocation time remains under 2 s.This indicates that the proposed method has higher adaptive allocation efficiency.

Sub-Terahertz Channel Sounder: Review and Future Challenges

Due to the large amount of unused and unexplored spectrum resources, the so-called subTerahertz(sub-THz) frequency bands from 100 to 300 GHz are seen as promising bands for the next generation of wireless communication systems. Channel modeling at sub-THz bands is essential for the design and deployment of future wireless communication systems. Channel measurement is a widely adopted method to obtain channel characteristics and establish mathematical channel models. Channel measurements depend on the design and construction of channel sounders. Thus, reliable channel sounding techniques and accurate channel measurements are required. In this paper, the requirements of an ideal channel sounder are discussed and the main channel sounding techniques are described for the subTHz frequency bands. The state-of-the-art sub-THz channel sounders reported in the literature and respective channel measurements are presented. Moreover, a vector network analyzer(VNA) based channel sounder, which supports frequency bands from 220 to330 GHz is presented and its performance capability and limitation are evaluated. This paper also discussed the challenge and future outlook of the sub-THz channel sounders and measurements.

Design Framework of Unsourced Multiple Access for 6G Massive IoT

In this paper,ambient IoT is used as a typical use case of massive connections for the sixth generation(6G)mobile communications where we derive the performance requirements to facilitate the evaluation of technical solutions.A rather complete design of unsourced multiple access is proposed in which two key parts:a compressed sensing module for active user detection,and a sparse interleaver-division multiple access(SIDMA)module are simulated side by side on a same platform at balanced signal to noise ratio(SNR)operating points.With a proper combination of compressed sensing matrix,a convolutional encoder,receiver algorithms,the simulated performance results appear superior to the state-of-the-art benchmark,yet with relatively less complicated processing.

手动膜片钳检测盐酸罗哌卡因及其右旋异构体对HEK293细胞hERG电流的影响

目的研究比较盐酸罗哌卡因和盐酸罗哌卡因右旋异构体对高表达hERG钾通道的HEK293细胞hERG电流的影响。方法用手动膜片钳检测转染后hERG钾通道稳定表达的HEK293细胞电流,多菲莱德做阳性药,将盐酸罗哌卡因和盐酸罗哌卡因右旋异构体依次稀释成30.00、10.00、3.33、1.11、0.37μmol·L^(-1),依次作用于细胞,记录电流变化,计算抑制率。结果盐酸罗哌卡因0.37、1.11、3.33、10、30μmol·L^(-1)对电流Iherg-tail的抑制率分别为(6.12±0.30)%、(13.04±1.20)%、(19.21±0.33)%、(35.56±0.66)%、(65.37±4.17)%,IC_(50)为19.482μmol·L^(-1)(n=15)。盐酸罗哌卡因右旋异构体0.37、1.11、3.33、10.00、30.00μmol·L^(-1)对电流Iherg-tail的抑制率分别为(4.13±3.43)%、(7.34±5.60)%、(9.49±2.75)%、(16.60±0.87)%、(31.36±1.45)%,IC_(50)>30μmol·L^(-1)(n=15)。阳性对照药品多菲莱德0.00185、0.00556、0.01667、0.05000、0.15000μmol·L^(-1)对电流Iherg-tail的抑制率分别为(7.81±2.77)%、(19.67±1.88)%、(57.16±4.39)%、(89.71±3.55)%、(99.66±0.89)%、IC_(50)为0.015μmol·L^(-1)(n=15)。结论和阳性对照药品多菲莱德比较,盐酸罗哌卡因对hERG通道为弱抑制作用,盐酸罗哌卡因右旋异构体对hERG通道为无明显抑制作用。

Anti-jamming channel access in 5G ultra-dense networks: a game-theoretic learning approach

This paper investigates the Quality of Experience(QoE)oriented channel access anti-jamming problem in 5th Generation Mobile Communication(5G)ultra-dense networks.Firstly,considering that the 5G base station adopts beamforming technology,an anti-jamming model under Space Division Multiple Access(SDMA)conditions is proposed.Secondly,the confrontational relationship between users and the jammer is formulated as a Stackelberg game.Besides,to achieve global optimization,we design a local cooperation mechanism for users and formulate the cooperation and competition among users as a local altruistic game.By proving that the local altruistic game is an Exact Potential Game(EPG),we further prove the existence of pure strategy Nash Equilibrium(NE)among users and Stackelberg Equilibrium(SE)between users and jammer.Thirdly,to obtain the equilibrium solutions of the proposed games,we propose an anti-jamming channel selection algorithm and improve its convergence speed through heterogeneous learning parameters.The simulation results validate the convergence and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.Compared with the throughput optimization scheme,our proposed scheme obtain a greater network satisfaction rate.Finally,we also analyze user fairness changes during the algorithm convergence process and get some interesting conclusions.

Machine Learning-Based Channel State Estimators for 5G Wireless Communication Systems

For a 5G wireless communication system,a convolutional deep neural network(CNN)is employed to synthesize a robust channel state estimator(CSE).The proposed CSE extracts channel information from transmit-and-receive pairs through offline training to estimate the channel state information.Also,it utilizes pilots to offer more helpful information about the communication channel.The proposedCNN-CSE performance is compared with previously published results for Bidirectional/long short-term memory(BiLSTM/LSTM)NNs-based CSEs.The CNN-CSE achieves outstanding performance using sufficient pilots only and loses its functionality at limited pilots compared with BiLSTM and LSTM-based estimators.Using three different loss function-based classification layers and the Adam optimization algorithm,a comparative study was conducted to assess the performance of the presented DNNs-based CSEs.The BiLSTM-CSE outperforms LSTM,CNN,conventional least squares(LS),and minimum mean square error(MMSE)CSEs.In addition,the computational and learning time complexities for DNN-CSEs are provided.These estimators are promising for 5G and future communication systems because they can analyze large amounts of data,discover statistical dependencies,learn correlations between features,and generalize the gotten knowledge.

Glabridin Relaxes Vascular Smooth Muscles by Activating BK_(Ca) Channels and Inhibiting Phosphodiesterase in Human Saphenous Vein

The aim of the current study was to investigate the pharmacological activity of glabridinon the isolated human saphenous vein (SV) and explore the underlying mechanisms. Samples of patients' SVs were removed during bypass surgery, and 4-mm lengths of the vessels were placedin Krebs solution at ±4℃ and hung in an isolated organ bath to assess their contraction/relaxationresponses. The contraction/relaxation responses were recorded to observe if the cyclic guanosinemonophosphate (cGMP)/protein kinase G (PKG) pathway mediates the relaxant effect of glabridinafter treatment with blockers like ODQ (a guanylate cyclase inhibitor), KT5823 (a PKG inhibitor),isobutylmethylxanthine [IBMX, a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor], and cantharidin [Cant,a myosin light-chain phosphatase (MLCP) inhibitor]. Moreover, nitric oxide (NO), cGMP, andPKG levels in SV tissues were determined by ELISA after incubation with glabridin, N(o)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-Name, a NO synthetase inhibitor), phenylephrine (PE), ODQ, IBMX,and KT5823. The results showed that glabridin relaxed the vascular smooth muscle of humanSV pretreated with PE in a dose-dependent manner, which was independent of the endothelium.The vasorelaxant effect of glabridin was only inhibited by iberiotoxin (IbTX), Cant, and KT5823.Glabridin increased cGMP and PKG levels in SV homogenates, whereas it did not alter the NOlevel. The enhancing efects of cGMP and PKG levels by glabridin were abolished by ODQ andKT5823. In conclusion, glabridin has a vasorelaxant effect, which is associated with the activationof BKc. channels and inhibition of PDE.

Experiment on Boiling Heat Transfer of Refrigerant R134a in Mini-channels

The flow boiling heat transfer characteristics of refrigerant R134 a flowing inside two different kinds of minichannels are investigated. One channel is multi-port extruded with the hydraulic diameter of 0.63 mm,and the other one is rectangular with offset fins and a hydraulic diameter of 1.28 mm. The experiments are performed with a mass flow rate between 68 and 630 kg/(m^2·s),a heat flux between 9 and 64 kW/m^2,and a saturation pressure between 0.24 and 0.63 MPa,under the constant heat flux heating mode. It is found that the effect of mass flow rate on boiling heat transfer is related to heat flux,and that with the increase of heat flux,the effect can only be efficient in higher vapor quality region. The effects of heat flux and saturation pressure on boiling heat transfer are related to a threshold vapor quality,and the value will gradually decrease with the increase of heat flux or saturation pressure. Based on these analyses,a new correlation is proposed to predict the boiling heat transfer coefficient of refrigerant R134 a in the mini-channels under the experimental conditions.

A Fuzzy Clustering Algorithm Based on Multipath Component Trajectory for Millimeter Wave Radio Channels

Time-varying channel modeling plays an important role for many applications in time-variant scenarios,while most clustering algorithms focus on static channels and cannot accurately model the channel time-evolution properties.In this paper,a fuzzy clustering algorithm based on multipath component(MPC)trajectory is proposed.Firstly,both the distance and velocity similarities of the MPCs in different snapshots are taken into account to track the MPC trajectory,in which the fuzzy scheme and a kernel function are used to calculate the distance and velocity similarities,respectively.Secondly,a fuzzy MPC trajectory clustering algorithm is proposed to cluster the MPCs in multiple snapshots.The MPCs in a snapshot are clustered according to the membership,which is defined as the probability that a MPC belongs to different clusters.Finally,time-varying channels at 28 GHz are simulated to validate the performance of our proposed algorithm.The results show that our proposed algorithm is able to accurately identify the clusters in time-varying channels compared with the existing clustering algorithms.

E224G Regulation of the PIP2-Induced Gating Kinetics of Kir2.1 Channels

As a member of the inwardly rectifying channel (Kir) family, Kir2.1 allows to influx the cell more easily than to efflux, a biophysical phenomenon named inward rectification. The function of Kir2.1 is to set the resting membrane potential and modulate membrane excitability. It has been reported that residue E224 plays a key role in regulating inward rectification. The mutant Kir2.1 (E224G) displays weaker inward rectification than the WT channel. Gating of Kir2.1 depends on the membrane lipid, PIP2, such that the channel gates are closed in the absence of PIP2. Here we perform electrophysiological and computational approaches, and demonstrate that E224 also plays an important role in the PIP2-dependent activation of Kir2.1 in addition to its influence on inward rectification. The E224G mutant takes 4.5 times longer to be activated by PIP2. To probe the mechanism by which E224G slows the channel opening kinetics, we perform targeted molecular dynamics simulations and find that the mutant weakens the interactions between CD-loop and C-linker (H221-R189) and the adjacent G-loops (R312-E303) which are thought to stabilize the open state of the channel in our previous work. These data provide new insights into the regulation of Kir2.1 channel activity and suggest that a common mechanism may be involved in the distinct biophysical processes, such as inward rectification and PIP2-induced gating.

Effect of G_(αq/11) Protein and ATP-sensitive Potassium Channels on Ischemic Preconditioning in Rat Hearts

Objectives To investigate the effect of Gαq/11 signaling pathway and ATP-sensitive potassium channel ( KATP channel ) on ischemic preconditioning (IPC) protection in rat hearts. Methods Two series of experiments were performed in Wistar rat hearts. In the first series of experiment, ischemic preconditioning was induced by left anterior descending occlusion (three, 5 min episodes separated by 5 min of reperfusion), ischemia-reperfusion injury was induced by 30 min coronary artery occlusion followed by 90 min reperfusion. Hemodynamics, infarct size and scores of ventricular arrhythmias were measured. The expression of Gαq/11 protein in the heart was measured by Western blot analysis in the second series. Results Ischemic preconditioning rats showed decreased infarct size and scores of ventricular arrhythmia vs non-IP control rats. The effect of IPC was significantly attenuated by glibenclamide (1 mg/kg, ip), a nonselective KATP channel inhibitor. IPC caused a significant increase in the expression of Gαq/11 protein. Conclusions Activations of Gαq/11 signal pathway and KATP channel played significant roles in the classical cardioprotection of ischemic precon-ditioning rat heart and might be an important mechanism of signal transduction pathway during the ischemic preconditioning.

基于GPS L5导频通道的GNSS-R SAR成像

为降低导航电文对利用全球导航卫星系统反射技术(global navigation satellite system-reflectometry, GNSS-R)进行合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar, SAR)成像的影响,采用全球定位系统(global positioning system, GPS) L5导频通道即无数据通道的信号,通过后向投影(back projection, BP)算法进行成像。仿真和实验结果表明,与剥离导航电文的数据通道信号的成像相比,导频通道信号的使用无需考虑剥离电文操作,降低了信号处理复杂度;从图像对比上看,目标和背景得到更好的区分,信噪比提升,成像质量得到一定程度改善。

利用CRISPR/Cas9构建敲除小鼠模型研究PPP2R3A基因对心脏功能的影响

目的 应用CRISPR/Cas9技术构建蛋白磷酸2调节亚基B″家族α亚型(PPP2R3A)基因敲除小鼠,从分子水平及组织水平上研究PPP2R3A缺失对心脏的影响。方法 将Cas9 mRNA和两个靶向PPP2R3A第3外显子翻译起始密码子附近区域的单导向RNA微注射到C57BL/6小鼠受精卵中。小鼠出生后取其基因组DNA进行聚合酶链反应(PCR)和测序以鉴定基因型,鉴定后,基因PPP2R3A缺失型小鼠为KO组,野生型C57BL/6小鼠为WT组(雄性3只,雌性2只)。小鼠心脏组织经甲醛固定并制成切片后分别进行苏木素-伊红(HE)染色和免疫组织化学染色。提取小鼠心脏组织总RNA和蛋白,应用荧光定量PCR和Western印迹验证基因敲除小鼠的有效性和检测互作蛋白表达。结果 获得F1代PPP2R3A杂合小鼠,PCR和测序结果表明突变小鼠的基因型存在113 bp的缺失突变。与WT组相比,KO组心脏组织中PPP2R3A mRNA和蛋白表达量明显下降(均P<0.05),参与心脏发育的G蛋白信号转导调控因子(RGS)19表达量明显升高(P<0.05)。PPP2R3A蛋白表达受损引起了心脏组织病理学变化。结论 PPP2R3A在体内可能通过与RGS19蛋白互作来参与心脏的发育并对心脏功能产生影响。

缓蚀剂对雷达T/R组件腐蚀行为的影响

T/R组件作为雷达系统的重要组成部分,在严酷海洋大气环境的侵蚀作用下,容易发生腐蚀,从而导致雷达系统性能下降,甚至引发故障。基于实测的某型机雷达舱环境数据,编制加速腐蚀试验环境谱,针对喷涂和未喷涂TFHS-20缓蚀剂的T/R组件开展当量加速腐蚀对比试验,并以收发通道芯片的微观腐蚀形貌、铝合金外壳蚀坑深度、T/R组件收发性能和输出功率等为指标参数,表征缓蚀剂对T/R组件腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明,TFHS-20缓蚀剂仅使T/R组件的输出功率降低0.59%~0.78%、接收增益降低0.11 dB~0.21 dB,缓蚀剂对T/R组件收发性能影响非常小。未喷涂缓蚀剂的T/R组件,在加速腐蚀试验的第4周期时,发射通道性能和接收通道功能失效;喷涂缓蚀剂的T/R组件,在加速腐蚀试验的8个周期时,接收通道功能失效。所以,TFHS-20缓蚀剂能够有效地提高T/R组件的使用寿命。

靶向非洲猪瘟病毒EP152R基因sgRNA细胞系的构建及其对ASFV复制影响的研究

有报道证实,缺失重要功能基因EP152R的非洲猪瘟病毒(ASFV)不能有效复制。为了筛选靶向ASFV EP152R基因的小向导RNA(sgRNA),分析EP152R基因对ASFV复制的影响,本研究利用簇状规则间隔的短回文重复序列及其相关蛋白9(CRISPR-Cas9)核酸酶系统(CCTop)并利用猪的基因组作为脱靶对象设计并筛选靶向ASFV EP152R基因(72387nt~72845nt)的sg RNA,并采用非随机整合报告系统(TIDE)计算各对sg RNA的编辑效率确定最佳sg RNA。结果显示,筛选了5对靶向敲除ASFV EP152R基因的sg RNA,其中3对sg RNA对EP152R基因的编辑效率达30%~42%,另外两对sg RNA的编辑效率低于10%。将筛选的3对sg RNA退火后分别克隆至p-LentiCRISPRv2载体中,构建3个重组慢病毒质粒p-LentiCRISPRv2-gREP152R-1/2/3,并采用菌液PCR及测序鉴定正确后分别与2个辅助质粒共转染HEK293T细胞,72 h后获得各慢病毒并分别感染野猪肺细胞(WSL细胞),通过嘌呤霉素筛选表达各sg RNA的细胞WSL-g REP152R,并采用western blot鉴定。结果显示,构建的各细胞在40 ku处均出现特异性条带,而WSL细胞无该条带,表明正确构建表达3种EP152R sg RNA的细胞系WSL-g REP152R-1/2/3。将携带m Cherry报告基因的重组ASFV(mCherry-ASFV)以MOI 1感染各WSL-g REP152R细胞系,分别于不同时间观察荧光;收集各细胞上清液,采用荧光定量PCR(qPCR)检测ASFV P72基因的Ct值,并测定上清液中的病毒效价(感染后72 h)。观察结果显示,随感染时间的延长WSL-g REP152R-2/3中的红色荧光均明显减少;WSL-g REP152R-1及空白对照WSL细胞中的红色荧光则逐渐增多,但前者的红色荧光均少于后者。q PCR和TCID50测定结果显示,与空白对照WSL细胞相比,3种WSL-g REP152R细胞上清液中病毒扩增的Ct值均显著或极显著升高(P<0.05、P<0.01),而病毒效价均显著或极显著降低(P<0.05、P<0.01),且以WSL-g REP152R-2中的病毒效价最低。将m Cherry-ASFV感染各WSLg REP152R细胞并连续传3代,采用q PCR检测F2、F3代细胞上清液中的病毒扩增的Ct值。结果显示,与WSL细胞相比,各WSL-g REP152R细胞F2代上清液中ASFV扩增的Ct值均极显著升高(P<0.01),且WSL-g REP152R-2 F2代及WSL-g REP152R-1/2 F3代细胞上清液中均检测不到病毒扩增的Ct值。上述结果表明,本研究设计的sg RNA能够有效靶向ASFV EP152R基因并敲除该基因进而抑制ASFV及其子代病毒的复制,且g REP152R-2抑制ASFV复制的效果最好。本研究为ASFV疫苗的开发及抗ASF育种猪提供重要参考数据。

瑞芬太尼下调大鼠背根神经节和脊髓背角GIRK 2的表达

【目的】观察G蛋白门控内向整流钾离子通道亚单位2(GIRK2)在瑞芬太尼诱导的痛觉过敏大鼠背根神经节和脊髓背角中的表达和分布的变化。【方法】成年雄性SD大鼠尾静脉输注瑞芬太尼4μg/(kg·min)2 h建立痛觉过敏模型。瑞芬太尼注射后6 h、1 d、3 d和5 d,采用免疫荧光化学法观察GIRK2在瑞芬太尼诱导痛觉过敏大鼠的背根神经节(DRG)和脊髓背角中分布的变化。采用免疫印迹法检测大鼠背根神经节和脊髓背角GIRK2总蛋白和膜蛋白的表达。最后,采用行为学评价瑞芬太尼输注后,鞘内注射GIRK2特异性激动剂ML297对痛阈的影响。【结果】免疫荧光结果显示,在背根神经节和脊髓背角I-II板层,GIRK2主要与IB4阳性的小神经元及其神经纤维共定位,而瑞芬太尼注射后GIRK2表达显著降低。免疫印迹结果显示,静脉输注瑞芬太尼1 d后,与对照组相比,背根神经节GIRK2总蛋白(0.47±0.10 vs.1.01±0.17,P<0.001)和膜蛋白(0.47±0.11 vs.1.06±0.12,P<0.001)表达水平均显著减少;与背根神经节结果相一致的是,脊髓背角GIRK2总蛋白水平(0.52±0.09 vs.1.10±0.08,P<0.001)和膜蛋白表达水平(0.54±0.10 vs.1.01±0.13,P<0.001)也显著降低。行为学结果显示,与生理盐水组相比,在瑞芬太尼处理大鼠,ML297延长热撤足潜伏期的作用显著降低(P<0.001)。【结论】持续静脉输注瑞芬太尼可能通过诱导大鼠背根神经节和脊髓背角GIRK2表达下调诱发痛觉过敏。