AgBB《建筑产品挥发性有机化合物(VVOC,VOC和SVOC)释放的健康评估程序》及风险指数(R-Value)浅析

介绍了AgBB建筑产品挥发性有机化合物释放的健康评估程序。通过背景阐述及相关测试方法的解释,可以更好地理解AgBB评估程序。最后解释了“风险指数(R-Value)”在整个评估体系中的作用,并指出引入“风险指数(R-Value)”是AgBB评估体系的核心精神。

Problem and Improvement of R-values Applied to Assessment of Earthquake Forecast

The researches on the assessment of earthquake forecast are reviewed, then the R-value assessment is further developed theoretically in the paper. The results include the arithmetic of the R-values of earthquake occurrence under the condition that 'anomaly' occurred or no 'anomaly' occurred respectively, and the relation between the values. The distribution of Rvalue of a forecast method, corresponding to multi-status anomalies being independent each other, is also developed in the paper. The appropriate methods to estimate the R-values and extrapolate the occurrence probability of future earthquakes are also given in the paper.

QUANTITATIVE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN YIELD STRESS AND r-VALUE OF Ti SHEET

Based on the experimental data,it was clarified that the plastic strain ratio R-value is not equal to Hill's r-value for Ti sheet.From the non-quadratic orthotropic yield function pro- posed recently by the author,an optimal expression between yield stress and r-value for Ti sheet was developed on overall investigation.The suitable value of exponent in the function seems to be 6—8.Thus,an equation was suggested to estimate strength for the pressure vessel made of Ti sheet.

QUANTITATIVE RELATION BETWEEN YIELD STRESS AND R-VALUE OF Ti PLATE ALONG PARALLEL AND PERPENDICULAR TO ROLLING DIRECTION

An attempt was made on the quantitative prediction of the relationship hetween the yield stress and R-value along the parallel and perpendicular to the rolling direction of Ti plate based on analysis of the previous experimental data.It is shown that the yield stress along one direction and another is quite synchronized with the R—value.According to the plasticity theo- ry,an formular of σ_(1s)/σ_(2s)=[(1+1/R_2)/(1+1/R_1)/^(1 2) was proposed,In statistic estima- tion.the calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental data.The availability of this formula was briefly discussed also.

Regional features of pollen R-values in China

Establishing a quantitative relationship between modern pollen and vegetation remains a pivotal but intricate pursuit within the field of Quaternary palynology.The R-value,a well-established and traditional metric characterized by its simplicity and direct applicability,serves to calibrate the nonlinear disparities between surface pollen and modern vegetation.This study entails the construction of a comprehensive pollen R-value dataset for China derived from R-values published between 1987 and 2021.The dataset,compiled after rigorous screening,calibration,and standardization processes,encompasses 898 modern pollen sampling sites and 2115 pollen R-value data entries,encapsulating 152 pollen taxa spanning 65 families and 113 genera.Synthesizing the extracted R-values yielded the following insights:(1)A macrospatial analysis validates previously established knowledge at a site-specific scale.Evidently,pollen R-value variations across China are statistically significant.Approximately two-thirds of pollen taxa exhibit underrepresentation(e.g.,Taxodiaceae,Corylus,Nitraria,Tamarix,Cyperaceae,Poaceae,and Fabaceae),while the remaining one-third display overrepresentation(e.g.,Pinus,Picea,Betula,Ephedra,Chenopodiaceae,and Artemisia).The degree of underrepresentation surpasses that of overrepresentation,and the representation patterns of Castanea,Quercus,Polygonaceae,and Asteraceae are contingent upon vegetation types.(2)Pollen R-values follow distinct spatial distribution patterns within China.In the woody vegetation region of eastern China,R-values progressively decline from north to south,correlating with rising temperatures and precipitation.Conversely,in herbaceous vegetation regions of northern and western China,R-values decrease from east to west and from northeast to southwest,corresponding to increased aridity.Nevertheless,pollen R-values manifest variation contingent on pollen taxa,vegetation types,and climatic regions,even differing for the same taxa across varying vegetation types and climatic conditions.This highlights the intricate nature of pollen R-values and their interpretation of pollen-vegetation relationships.(3)Pollen R-values and relative pollen production estimates exhibit resemblances and a modest positive correlation.However,adjudicating between them as representatives of vegetation requires nuanced consideration,as both metrics convey pollen representation within vegetation,demonstrating the multifaceted relationships they share with modern vegetation.Further recommendations suggest that when assessing pollen representation in modern vegetation,fossil pollen content should be weighted using either the median or log-transformed R-value.This approach underscores the necessity of comprehensively accounting for divergences and convergences across various spatial scales and vegetation types,particularly the disparities observed within identical pollen taxa across dissimilar regions.

Abnormal characteristics and effectiveness evaluation of the micro-seismic signal before the Debao MS4.8 earthquake

The Debao MS4.8 earthquake occurred in western Guangxi on August 5,2021,near where the Jingxi MS5.2 earthquake occurred in 2019.To study the increasing seismicity in western Guangxi,it is necessary to determine whether there was an anomaly related to the earthquake source near the Pingxiang gravity station,which is located approximately 100 km from the epicenter of the Debao MS4.8 earthquake.In this study,the R-value scoring method was used to analyze the anomaly and evaluate the prediction efficiency of the double frequency(DF)micro-seismic signal vertical displacement(referred to as vertical displacement,VD)and the absolute value of monthly extreme rate(referred to as the monthly rate).Results show that earthquakes larger than MS4.0 in the 350 km range from the Pingxiang station tend to coincide with yearly typhoons,and the VD of micro-seismic signals correspondingly changes from low to high.The Debao MS4.8 earthquake occurred during a gradual VD increase from 0.05×10^(-6)to 0.10×10^(-6)m.When discussing the relationships among R,the rate threshold,and the effective duration of prediction,the rate threshold of the micro-seismic signal converges from 0.00039×10^(-6)to 0.00031×10^(-6)m/month,the effective duration of prediction is approximately 6-10 months,and R also converges from 0.29 to 0.31.By comparing the results of three gPhone gravity stations in Guangxi,we found that the increase of short-term VD before the Debao earthquake was related to the enhancement of the DF micro-seismic signal excited by the typhoon.When the typhoon track was perpendicular to the coastline of China,the possibility of an earthquake occurring was increased.This study provides evidence and reference for the future occurrence period of earthquakes above MS4.0 in western Guangxi.

INFLUENCE OF COLD ROLLING TECHNOLOGY ON TEXTURE EVOLUTION OF IF STEEL

Two kinds of cold rolling experiments, single cold rolling and double cold rolling, were carried out on one titanium stabilized interstitial free (IF) steel that has been warm rolled at ferrite temperature. The main aim was to investigate the evolution of rolling and annealing textures from the well known behavior observed under single cold rolling condition to the less understood double cold rolling by using orientation distribution function (ODF). In the twice cold rolled samples, the annealing texture comprises only single {111}(110-112) r-fibre texture when it subjected to moderate reduction in the first round of rolling. Accordingly both the once cold rolled sample and the twice cold rolled sample with heavy reduction in the first round of rolling have much complex texture components. They are related to the formation of initial {111} subgrain and the priority growth of stable {111} nucleus.

EFFECT OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND PROCESSES ON THE TEXTURE OF HOT-ROLLED DEEP DRAWING STEEL SHEET

A hot-rolled deep drawing (HDD) steel with high r-value and uniformdistribution of {111} texture in thickness was developed by hot rolling in ferrite region withlubricating between the roller and the steel. The experimental results show that the carbon contentand finish rolling temperature have significant effects on beneficial texture {111}, and lubricatingduring hot rolling at low temperature in alpha-region makes the distribution of the textureuniform. Three basic requirements needed to meet for HDD steel were concluded by comparing differentcarbon contents and hot rolling processes.

Effect of stabilizing elements Nb and Ti on the microstructure and properties of low carbon ferritic stainless steel

The effect of stabilizing elements, such as Nb and Ti, on the microstructure and properties of low carbon ferritic stainless steel （FSS） has been investigated. The results of the Thermo-calc simulation have shown that the interstitial elements, such as C and N, may be completely stabilized by the addition of Nb and Ti. With the increase of Nb and Ti contents ,the α ＋ γ two phases gradually transfer to a single α-phase under a high temperature condition ,and the content of the carbide M23 C6 gradually decreases. The microstructure has indicated that the combined addition of Nb and Ti can promote the recrystallization of the band structure and form more uniform equiaxed grains. Also, with the increase of Nb and Ti contents,the elongation, the r-value and the corrosion resistance of cold-rolled and annealed sheets are improved prominently. In comparison with the effect of Ti ,the addition of Nb is more beneficial to the increase of r-value and the corrosion resistance.

Spatial and temporal synthesized probability gain for middle and long-term earthquake forecast and its preliminary application

The principle of middle and long-term earthquake forecast model of spatial and temporal synthesized probability gain and the evaluation of forecast efficiency (R-values) of various forecast methods are introduced in this paper. The R-value method, developed by Xu (1989), is further developed here, and can be applied to more complicated cases. Probability gains in spatial and/or temporal domains and the R-values for different forecast methods are estimated in North China. The synthesized probability gain is then estimated as an example.

Research on Deformation, Texture and Properties of IF Steel in Multiple Rolling Technology

The relationships among the deformation, texture and deep drawing properties of IF steel were investigated. By adopting double cold rolling (DCR) technology, the deep drawing property has been developed evidently. With the aid of orientation distribution function (ODF) analysis, it was found that he main reason for good property is the counterbalance in intensity of the ideal texture component {111} < 011 > and {111} < 112 >.

Performance Assessment of the Overall Building Envelope Thermal Performance-Building Envelope Performance(BEP)Metric

Today,to describe the thermal performance of the building envelope and its components we use a variation of metrics;such as,R-value,ACH(air exchange rate per hour),SHGC(solar heat gain coefficient)of windows,U-factor etc.None of these performance indicators is meant to represent the overall thermal performance.In this paper,such a metric is introduced,the BEP(building envelope performance)value.Unlike the thermal resistance,typically expressed as an R-value,the BEP-value considers additional elements of heat transfer that affect the energy demand of the building because of exterior and interior(solar)thermal loads:conductive and radiant heat transfer,and air infiltration.To demonstrate BEP’s utility,validation studies were carried out by comparing the BEP-value to theoretical results using whole building energy simulation tools such as EnergyPlus and WUFI Plus.Results show that BEP calculations are comparable to calculations made using these simulation tools and that unlike other similar metrics,the BEP-value accounts for all heat transfer mechanisms that are relevant for the overall energy performance of the building envelope.The BEP-value thus allows comparing envelopes of buildings with different use types in a fair and realistic manner.

Effects of Finish Rolling Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ferritic-Rolled P-Added High Strength Interstitial-Free Steel Sheets

The steels were rolled at 3 different finishing temperatures. The mechanical properties were tested by tensile tests. The results show that as finish rolling temperature decreases from 620 to 560 ℃ in ferrite region,the deep drawability of ferritic-rolled P-added high strength IF steels is improved,and r value rises from 1.14 to 1.37. Finish rolling temperature （FT） has less influence on other mechanical properties,such as yield strength,tensile strength and elongation. Microstructures of hot rolled and annealed steel sheets and precipitates of annealed steel sheets were also analyzed.