An anisotropic micromechanics model for predicting the rafting direction in Ni-based single crystal superalloys

An anisotropic micromechanics model based on the equivalent inclusion method is developed to investigate the rafting direction of Ni-based single crystal superalloys. The micromechanical model considers actual cubic structure and orthogonal anisotropy properties. The von Mises stress, elastic strain energy density, and hydrostatic pressure in dif- ferent inclusions of micromechanical model are calculated when applying a tensile or compressive loading along the [001] direction. The calculated results can successfully pre- dict the rafting direction for alloys exhibiting a positive or a negative mismatch, which are in agreement with pervious experimental and theoretical studies. Moreover, the elastic constant differences and mismatch degree of the matrix and precipitate phases and their influences on the rafting direction are carefully discussed.

RAFting the rapids of axon regeneration signaling

The functional regeneration of damaged axons and severed connections in the mature central nervous sys- tem （CNS） remains a challenging goal of neurological research. Mature CNS neurons are refractory to axon regeneration for two major reasons, one, because the ac- tivity of cell-intrinsic mechanisms that drive axon growth during development is low- and often further suppressed after an injury - and two, because certain molecules that are part of mature extracellular matrix and myelin act as strong inhibitors of axon growth. Genetic removal of growth inhibitory molecules can increase axon sprouting, but is not sufficient to enable long-range axon growth. Since axon growth is robust during early developmental stages, it has long been hypothesized that mature injured neurons may be ＂reprogrammed＂ to the earlier growth state by re-activation of the intracellular growth signaling cascades that drive axon elongation in the developing fetus.

Ice rafting history and paleoceanographic reconstructions of Core 08P23 from southern Chukchi Plateau, western Arctic Ocean since Marine Isotope Stage 3

Multiproxy investigations have been performed on Core 08P23 collected from the Chukchi Plateau, the western Arctic Ocean, during the Third Chinese National Arctic Expedition. The core was dated back to Ma-rine Isotope Stage （MIS） 3 by a combination of Accelerator Mass Spectrometric （AMS） carbon-14 dating and regional core correlation. A total of five prominent ice-rafted detritus （IRD） events were recognized in MIS 2 and MIS 3. The IRD sources in MIS 3 are originated from vast carbonate rock outcrops of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and clastic quartz in MIS 2 may have a Eurasian origin. Mostδ18O andδ13C values of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma （sinistral） （Nps） in Core 08P23 are lighter than the average values of surface sediments. The lighterδ18O andδ13C values of Nps in the two brown layers in MIS 1 and MIS 3 were resulted from meltwater events; and those in the gray layers in MIS 3 were caused by the enhanced sea ice formation. Theδ18O values varied inversely withδ13C in MIS 2 indicate that the study area was covered by thick sea ice or ice sheet with low temperature and little meltwater, which prevented the biological productivity and sea-atmosphere exchange, as well as water mass ventilation. The covaried light values ofδ18O andδ13C in MIS 1 and MIS 3 were resulted from meltwater and/or brine injection.

Influence of dynamic factors on ice rafting

Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation have been applied to researching the effect of wave,current and wind on the ice rafting.The analytical results show that wave is the key factor for ice fracture.The process of ice rafting is simulated using the discrete element method.The simulated results show that the distortion or flexure breakage happens firstly,then followed by ice rafting.The comprehensively analysed results show that the ice is easily rafted on the simultaneity action of wave,current and wind,and the action of wave can＇t be ignored.Moreover,the rafted ice length increases with the enhancive force of ocean current and wind.

基于日志副本的Raft共识算法优化

在基于三副本策略的分布式存储系统中,当存储节点上的硬盘出现故障时,常见的处理方式是等待系统预设的时间.如果该故障硬盘超时未恢复,才开始恢复故障硬盘上的副本.这种处理方式存在的问题是,当三副本组中存在故障副本时,如果该副本组再有一个副本所在的硬盘发生故障,将导致系统无法继续提供服务,且不能自动恢复.本文提出一种基于日志副本的改进的Raft共识算法,即LR-Raft (log replica based Raft),日志副本没有完整状态机,可以快速加入集群,并参与投票与共识,提升了存在故障硬盘时系统的可用性;可以解决短时间内三副本中两个副本故障导致集群不可用和丢失数据的问题.实验结果表明,在副本组中引入日志副本后,与原Raft相比,LR-Raft在不同的工作负载下读写时延均明显降低,吞吐量显著提升.

基于内聚力单元法的船舶与重叠冰碰撞数值模拟研究

The gradual increase in shipping and drilling activities in the Arctic regions has resulted in the increased importance of studying the structural safety of polar ships in various ice conditions.Rafted ice refers to a type of accumulated and overlapped sea ice;it is driven by external forces,such as wind and waves,and may exert high loads on ships and threaten their structural safety.Therefore,the properties of rafted ice and the construction of numerical models should be studied before exploring the interaction and collision between ships and rafted ice.Based on the nonlinear finite-element method,this paper introduces the cohesive element model for the simulation of rafted ice.The interaction between ships and rafted ice is studied,and the ice force of the hull is obtained.Numerical simulation results are compared with model test findings,and the effectiveness of the cohesive element method in the construction of the model of rafted ice materials is verified.On this basis,a multilayer rafted ice model is constructed,and its interaction with the ship is studied.The research unveils that rafted ice parts impede crack generation and slow down crack propagation to a certain extent.

基于Raft的多主节点拜占庭容错共识机制

为了解决联盟链中实用拜占庭容错(PBFT)共识机制在区块链网络中节点数量增多的情况下,通信复杂度高、共识效率低下等问题,本文提出一种基于Raft的多主节点拜占庭容错共识机制IMRBFT。IMRBFT通过Maglev一致性哈希算法对区块链网络节点均匀分组,将这个共识流程分成组外共识和组内共识2部分。组内先选出领导者节点,通过信用机制将节点分为3个等级:可信节点、普通节点和不可信节点。与投票机制共同降低恶意节点成为领导者节点的概率,并与其他组的领导者节点组成委员会,委员会再经过组外信用值机制选出信用值最高的多个主节点进行组外PBFT共识。组内共识在Raft共识的基础上引入监管节点与中继节点,进一步提升安全性与共识效率,减少恶意节点的作恶行为。实验结果表明:IMRBFT的通信开销为线性增长,通信量为PBFT的41.6%,吞吐量为PBFT的4.2倍,共识延时降低76.4%。随着节点增多,优化更加明显,完全满足大型区块链网络的通信复杂度小、吞吐量高、共识延时短、安全性与共识效率高的要求。

面向RAFT共识的低能耗无线区块链分片算法

区块链系统由于共识协商需要多轮沟通,会消耗大量的能量。在一些无线网络中,节点电池容量有限,会迅速导致节点能量耗尽和脱机,从而影响共识性能。该文设计了一种面向RAFT共识的低能耗的分片算法,算法将无线区块链网络中的节点限制在基于地理区域的分片上,从而避免节点参与全局共识。同时,还提出了一种分片后的能耗估算方法,简化了分片无线区块链网络的能量计算。在太赫兹和毫米波两个信号场景中得到的仿真结果均验证了该算法的有效性,能耗可降低98.36%,估算方法的最小误差仅为0.40%。

低临界胶束浓度PEGMA-b-PCL的制备及其药物缓释性能

以ε-己内酯(ε-CL)为疏水链段、聚乙二醇甲醚甲基丙烯酸酯(PEGMA)为亲水链段、4-氰基-4-[(十二烷基硫烷基硫代羰基)硫烷基]戊醇(CDPA)为可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)试剂、甲苯为溶剂,在N_(2)氛围、80℃、反应24 h的条件下,通过RAFT聚合法制备了两嵌段共聚物(PEGMA-b-PCL)。将其自组装为胶束,作为纳米药物载体用于负载姜黄素(Cur)。采用FTIR、^(1)HNMR、GPC、SEM、DLS对PEGMA-b-PCL进行了表征,测试了胶束载体的载药和释药性能。结果表明,两嵌段共聚物数均相对分子质量范围为1478~7318,其具有较低的临界胶束浓度(在pH=5.0~7.4,范围为0.920~1.600 mg/L)。胶束载体粒径范围为68.34~186.93 nm。当n(CDPA)∶n(ε-CL)=1∶200时,胶束载药率和包封率最高,可达12.05%±0.29%和75.26%±2.41%。在不同pH环境下,药物缓释性能可达15 d,其中pH=5.0时的累积释药率最高,可达38.20%。

基于改进Raft共识算法和PBFT共识算法的双层共识算法

针对目前应用于联盟链中的实用拜占庭(PBFT)共识算法可扩展性不足、通信开销增长过大、难以适用于大规模网络节点环境等问题,提出了一种基于改进Raft共识算法和PBFT共识算法的双层共识算法(DL_RBFT)。首先将区块链中的节点分成若干小组,组成下层共识网络,然后小组的组长再构成上层共识网络,形成一个双层共识网络结构;在下层共识网络的小组内部引入监督机制和声誉机制来改进Raft共识算法,在初始组长的选举流程引入了蚁群算法,使选举效率始终维持在较高水平;在上层共识网络中,使用PBFT共识算法进行共识。改进后的Raft共识算法具备了抗拜占庭节点攻击的能力,提升了算法的安全性。实验结果分析表明,相较于传统的PBFT共识算法,在100个节点的情况下,DL_RBFT将共识时延降低了两个数量级,吞吐量也提升了一个数量级,与其余改进算法相比也有着明显优势。因此DL_RBFT共识算法拥有良好的可扩展性,可以广泛应用于联盟链的各种场景中。

有机硅基RAFT试剂制备聚醚改性有机硅消泡剂

以八甲基环四硅氧烷和巯丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷为原料,合成了巯基硅油;再以巯基硅油、CS_(2)和2-溴代异丁酸甲酯为原料,合成了有机硅基可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)试剂(RAFT-SSO);RAFT-SSO与甲基封端的烯丙基聚氧乙烯醚(EO)、甲基封端的烯丙基聚氧丙烯醚(PO)采用RAFT聚合反应合成了聚醚改性有机硅消泡剂(RS-EOPO)。采用FTIR、^(1)HNMR,GPC对RS-EOPO进行了结构表征,对其消泡、抑泡、相容性进行了测试,并将RS-EOPO与进口消泡剂性能进行对比。RS-EOPO最佳合成工艺条件为RAFT-SSO相对分子质量为2000、m(EO)∶m(PO)=1∶4、m(RAFT-SSO)∶m〔醚(EO和PO)〕=1∶1.15、反应温度75℃、反应时间8 h、引发剂用量为EO(3.45 g)和PO总质量的2%。在上述条件下,RS-EOPO收率为91.8%。

LRCRaft:支持节点数据快速恢复的共识协议

在支持纠删码的分布式存储系统中,最常用的编码是RS(Reed-Solomon)码.对于一个RS(k,m)编码条带,常见的配置是一个节点仅存储条带中的一个分片,这导致在节点出现故障的情况下,对其存储分片的恢复需要跨多个节点读取分片并重新编码生成恢复分片,容易造成系统网络拥塞.在需要恢复大量数据的场合,系统在恢复期间会处于较长时间的脆弱期,容错能力和吞吐量下降、读写时延升高时有发生.LRCRaft是一个基于LRC(local reconstruction code)的改进Raft共识协议,通过在Raft中引入LRC码、动态日志增补、状态机删减和分片版本一致性等机制,降低了Raft的读写时延,缩短了节点故障恢复时间.实验结果表明,相较于Raft,LRCRaft在不同恢复模式中恢复一个单节点故障数据时,恢复用时有着49.25%–74.97%的减少.

基于RAFT的高速公路夜间交通事件检测

高速公路夜间交通事件检测对于提高救援效率、避免二次事故的发生至关重要。我国大部分高速公路都建成了完整的高速公路视频监控系统,但在夜间,高速公路交通事件检测仍采用人工检测,效率较低。通过分析高速公路夜间交通事件检测策略,文章基于RAFT深层网络,以夜间车辆光流形成的密集光流为检测对象,提出了夜间高速公路车辆检测深度学习网络,采用DeepSort算法对检测目标进行速度跟踪测量。利用实测数据对YOLOv5和研究提出的方法进行了比较,结果表明所提方法具有检测精度高、检测速度快等优点。

Effect of applied stress on r'-rafting behavior in a Ni-based singlecrystal superalloy:experiments and finite element analysis

The effect of applied tensile stress on the r'-rafting behavior for a Ni-based single-crystal superalloy with more negative misfit was investigated.By conducting interrupted creep tests at high temperature,it indicated that the increase in the applied stress accelerates the r'-rafting(directional coarsening of yr phase).In the early stage of rafting,the r'-cubes start interconnecting at the ends of the parallel-to-applied-stress r'-channel.The distributions of misfit stress,coherent strain and strain energy density of the r/r'phases are then calculated by finite element analysis.The calculation results show that the rafting acceleration is mainly ascribed to the reduced strain energy density in the parallel-to-applied-stress r'-channel that is driven from the couple interaction of external load and misfit stress.Interface dislocation network formation,resulting from the misfit-induced increase in resolved shear stress,also contributes to the r'-rafting.

可控/精确自由基聚合技术的研究及应用进展

深入剖析了可控/精确自由基聚合技术(CPR)中的3种主要技术:可逆加成-破碎链转移聚合(RAFT)、原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)和氮氧调控聚合(NMP)。概述了这些技术的基本概念,分析了各个技术方法的优缺点,列举了这些技术方法的应用领域。最后,对可控/精确聚合技术进行了总结和展望。

基于RAFT算法的数字医联体医疗信息跨平台共享方法

随着数字医联体的快速发展,实现医联体内部各医疗平台间信息的安全共享是急需解决的问题之一。因此,研究基于RAFT算法的数字医联体医疗信息跨平台共享方法。在分析数字医联体组建架构基础上,构建集信息采集和管理、信息的整合与分配、平台服务、应用服务于一体的信息跨平台共享体系。其中,信息整合与分配过程采用RAFT算法通过节点选举与日志复制两个功能,实现医疗信息的跨平台过程中数据请求方和数据提供方间的数据分配和共享,并采用PageRank算法优化RAFT算法节点关键性,提高其信息共享的完整性。实验中,该方法的最大可容忍恶意节点数量可达到16个;在45s的时间内,该方法可以采集近700条信息数据;在节点数量为17个时,本文方法的通信复杂度仅为262。实验表明:该方法对恶意节点容忍量更高,对海量医疗信息的提取更快,跨平台共享信息过程的通信复杂度较低。

基于RAFT的初中语文写作教学策略研究

随着课程改革深入发展,中小学语文写作教学的重视程度逐渐提高,在教学实践中不断探索写作教学的新方法。RAFT写作教学方法主要通过设定写作任务的角色、读者、方式和主题等要素来帮助学生明确写作的目的和对象,提高写作的针对性和实际效果。在初中写作教学中可以从准备策略、实施策略、评价策略三方面入手进行RAFT写作教学四要素的渗透,从而转变写作教学观念,明确写作教学的流程要素,提高学生写作能力,促进学生语文学习思维的发展。

基于“RAFT”框架的英语主题写作教学实践

结合“RAFT”写作框架及英语新课标,开展基于“RAFT”框架的英语主题写作教学,能使学生形成读者意识,创新写作形式,并在主题意义的引领下写出真情实感的主题作文,进而提升学生的英语写作能力与语言表达素养。在基于“RAFT”框架的英语主题写作教学中,教师可以通过分析梳理语篇,帮助学生解读“RAFT”框架;通过开展主题探究,帮助学生构建“RAFT”框架;基于“RAFT”框架,引导学生生成主题作文;联结多元评价,促进学生写作能力的提升。

主客体相互作用实现含氟单体水相聚合诱导自组装

论文致力于高浓度高重现性的精准制备含氟组装体,同时将微波辅助用于聚合诱导自组装(PISA),建立微波辅助含氟单体水相PISA新方法。引入随机甲基-β-环糊精(MCD)与含氟疏水单体形成水溶性主客体复合物,在微波辅助下成功制备不同粒径的组装体,通过接触角的测试,证明了含氟微球具有良好的成膜性能和疏水性能,可以用作含氟水性涂料。

Synthesis and characterization of silsesquioxane-cored star-shaped hybrid polymer via ＂grafting from＂ RAFT polymerization

Organic/inorganic hybrid polymers have been widely studied for their potential use in nanocontainers and nanocarriers. In this article, one star-shaped hybrid polymer, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane （POSS） grafted poly（N,N-（dimethylamino）ethyl methacrylate） （POSS-g-PDMA）, was synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization （RAFT）. The pH stimuli-responsive character of POSS-g-PDMA in aqueous solution were also studied.