Suitability evaluation on marine ranching in Guangdong,South China

The ecological suitability of marine resources and environmental conditions for marine ranching in Guangdong,South China was evaluated.Niche theory was used to establish an ecological suitability evaluation model for marine ranching site selection,and suitability evaluation of marine ranching was conducted in.Results show that the ecological suitability index of marine ranching site selection was greater than 64.0 in 20 sites,including offshore Shantou Bay,offshore Zhanjiang Port,and Longdou Bay etc.,which are the priority areas for marine ranching.In other 13 sites,the ecological suitability index ranged between 8.0 and 32.0,including Houjiang Bay,Haimen Bay,and Jieshi Bay etc.,indicating the suitability for marine ranching.However,the ecological suitability index was 0 in Shantou Bay,Zhujiang(Pearl)River estuary,Huangmao Sea,Guanghai Bay,Zhanjiang Port,Qiongzhou Strait,and Anpu Port.These sites are thus unsuitable for marine ranching.This study provides a theoretical basis for site selection and planning of marine ranching in Guangdong Province.

Marine Ranching Engineering Collaborative Innovation from the Perspective of Ecological Environment

As a resource development model with both economic and ecological functions,the environmental friendliness of marine ranching products meets the environmental needs of consumers.However,the lack of technological innovation ability limits the development of marine ranching.Therefore,this research builds a marine ranching collaborative innovation system with multi-agent participation.Evolutionary game theory is used to analyze strategic choices of all parties and the conditions of system equilibrium,and numerical simulation is used to analyze the effect of relevant factors.This paper integrates the benefits from the improvement of environmental friendliness into the payoff matrix,and explains the significance of collaborative innovation to the development of marine ranching from the perspective of ecological environment.The results showed:the participation willingness of marine ranching enterprises is positively related to open innovation subject,while the participation willingness of the other two parties is negatively related to the government;The incentive effect of collaboration is negatively correlated with the government’s will,positively correlated with the other two parties;The incentive effect of government subsidies positively affects the willingness of the three parties to participate.Finally,suggestions are provided for each participant to maintain the strategic choice of marine ranching collaborative innovation system.

Influences of Family Ranches Management Mode on Plant Community Characteristic in Hulunber Meadow Steppe

[Objective] The aim was to explore the management mode on optimal re-sources al ocation of family ranch in meadow steppe. [Method] Three double repre-sentative family ranches were selected in meadow steppe of Hulunber Old Barag Banner, and the study was carried out with the baseline survey. Three family ranches were selected as the demonstrative households for the corporation study, while other three family ranches with the similar conditions were looked as the non-demonstrative households for the comparison. Demonstrative households of the fami-ly ranches reduced the stocking rate, optimized the flock structure and took a winter feeding and other means to explore the different management models on plant com-munity characteristic of family ranch. [Result] The seasonal dynamic of community characteristic in family ranches showed the single-peaks curves. The seasonal dy-namics of community coverage, height and biomass in the demonstrative households showed higher compared with the non-demonstrative households, and community density in the experiment households was lower than that of the control experiment households. Community coverage, height and biomass of degraded grassland in family ranch have a great improve after optimization of management. Community coverage, height , density and biomass were increasing in fencing plot, but decreas-ing in free grazing area. Enclosure improved grassland coverage, vegetation height, density and forage yield. Leymus chinensis played an important role in plant com-munity. The important values of Leymus chinensis, Stipa baicalensis, Cleistogenes squarrosa, and Carex duriuscula were high. Leymus chinensis important value in the demonstrative households of optimal management was higher than that in the non-demonstrative households, and Carex duriuscula important value of the non-demon-strative households was significantly higher than that of the demonstrative house-holds. The indexes of Margalef richnes,Shannon-Wiener diversity, Simpson diversity and Pielou uniformity showed that the demonstrative households were higher than the non-demonstrative households. [Conclusion] The research provides theoretical ref-erences for sustainable development of pastures dominated by family ranch.

Acoustic Conditioning System Development and Conditioning Experiments on Black Seabreams in the Xiangshan Bay Sea Ranch

Attracting released hatchery-reared fish to designated areas during the growth process is vital to realize the objectives of sea ranching. Based on the bottom artificial reefs and surface kelp culture facilities in the Xiangshan Bay sea ranch, we proposed systematic techniques related to acoustic conditioning of the black seabream(Sparus macrocephalus). Experiments conducted in 12 m × 10 m × 1.6 m ponds on Xixuan Island showed that black seabream was positively sensitive to 500–600 Hz periodic signals. Conditioned responses were apparent after 8 d. Two to three days were required for recovery of the memory of a conditioned response after a 20-day interval. According to the practical application requirements in the open sea, unattended acoustic conditioning equipment was developed. The ranching equipment was used in 12 m × 12 m × 2.5 m cages, and the behavior of black seabream juveniles was successfully guided after 7 days. Of the 16000 released fish, 82.5% of them were conditioned with a flexible grading net. To avoid inducing a stress response, the juveniles were released into the sea ranch in situ from the net cage. The acoustic conditioning equipments were moved into the open sea and the aggregation phenomenon of the released fish was observed when the sound was played. After 6 months of investigation and based on Sr+ marking, only one acoustically conditioned fish was found outside the 3.5-km^2 sea ranch area, thereby reached the goal of guiding activity. The practical effect in the Xiangshan Bay sea ranch showed the validity of the acoustic conditioning system, which may contribute to improve the operation of the sea ranches in the East China Sea.

Remote Sensing Assessment of Ecological Effects of Marine Ranching in the Eastern Guangdong Waters, China

This study aims to assess ecological effects of the construction of marine ranching in the eastern Guangdong waters. Variations in sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll a concentration (Chl-a), catch per unit effort (CPUE), biodiversity, biomass and density of benthos were compared during the pre- (August in 2011) and post- (August in 2013) marine ranching. These were based on satellite remote sensing and survey data. Results showed that the ratio of Nitrogen (N): Phosphorus (P) was closed to 16, Chl-a increased from 7.5 - 12.3 mg·m-3 to 10.4 - 16.2 mg·m-3, and CPUE increased from 2.1 - 5.5 kg·h-1 to 5.8 - 14.5 kg·h-1. The species number of fish, crustaceans, cephalopods and shellfish increased by 25, 3, 2 and 3 respectively. Shannon-Wiener biodiversity index of fish, crustaceans, cephalopods and shellfish increased by 0.5, 0.4, 0.1 and 1.0 respectively. Both biomass and density of benthos increased also. The construction of marine ranching in the eastern Guangdong had restored the habitat to some extent, and played positive effects in the conservation and proliferation of fishery resources in local area.

Progress on Research and Construction of Marine Ranching along the Coast of Shandong Province of China

As a new fishery mode of low-carbon economy, marine ranching has played an important role in promoting sustainable development of fishery and construction of ocean economic zone in China. Since the year of 2000, environment improvement, stock enhancement and mariculture development have been given very high degree of importance along the coast of Shandong Province of China. Studies and tests on artificial reefs and marine ranching, including effect investigation of artificial reefs set up in Jiaonan coastal areas in 1980s, hydrodynamic characteristics experiment of artificial reef, study on material and configuration of artificial reef models, algae transplantation and seaweed beds construction, stock enhancement and releasing etc., have been carried out in recent years. Furthermore, the Restoration Plan of Fishery Resources of Shandong Province has been implemented since the year of 2005, which greatly boosted the construction of artificial reefs and marine ranching along the coast of Shandong. By June of 2010, the total investment on the construction of artificial reefs and marine ranching is over $77 million USD. One hundred artificial reef districts, with total area about 33,350,000 m2 have been set up. The construction of marine ranching along the coast of Shandong Province has been in certain scale and the economic, social and ecological effects are obvious.

Game Ranching: A Sustainable Land Use Option and Economic Incentive for Biodiversity Conservation in Zambia

The ten provinces of Zambia were surveyed to determine number and size of game ranches situated in these areas up to the end of 2012/early 2013. Three classes of game ranches were developed as;1) ≥500 hectares as game ranch proper, 2) ≥50 - <500 hectares as game farm, and 3) <50 hectares as ornamental. A total of 200 game ranches keeping large mammals from the size of common duiker to eland were recorded with a growth rate of 6 per year for the period 1980-2012. The largest number was ornamental 98 (49%);large game ranches were 75 (38%) and the least was game farms 27 (14%). Thirty seven species of large mammals were recorded, of which, 15 were the most abundant with impala topping the list with 21,000 individuals (34%). It was found that of the ten provinces, Luapula, Western and Northern Provinces despite being largely rural with low population densities except for Luapula did not have any game ranch. The province with the largest number was Lusaka 71(36%), Southern 59 (30%), Central 31(16%), Copperbelt 19 (10%), Eastern and Northwestern 9 (4.5% each) and Muchinga was the least with 2 (1%). The rapid increase in the number of ornamental category is mainly attributed to the rise in the development of tourist accommodation facilities and high cost residential properties. This growth provides an opportunity to convert to game ranching schemes abandoned farmlands which are not currently useful to agriculture due to loss of fertility and other forms of land degradation. Similarly, parcels of land with natural ecological limitations should also be considered for such schemes. Rehabilitation of degraded land through ranching could also enhance carbon sequestration, a factor critical in minimizing carbon emissions and other green house gases.

Maximum sustainable yield estimation of enhancement species with the characteristics of movement inside and outside marine ranching

Marine ranching can be regarded as a type of artificial fishery,and its construction aims at the sustainable utilisation of fishery resources.Therefore,the sustainable yield level of target species in marine ranching has become one of the concerns of stakeholders.The enhancement surplus production model proposed by Wang(2021)based on the traditional surplus production model can be used to assess the sustainable utilisation of settled species in marine ranches.However,when the target species has the characteristics of migration inside and outside marine ranches,its sustainability assessment will be aff ected.Based on the movement range and resource density levels of enhancement species inside and outside marine ranches,we built a biomass change model that is suitable for enhancement species with migration characteristics inside and outside marine ranches(migration enhancement biomass model).Moreover,we simulated the effects of factors,such as the ratio of the movement range and the ratio of resource density within and outside marine ranches and the fishing strategy for the enhancement species in marine ranches,on the estimation of maximum sustainable yield(MSY).Results show that the large movement range of enhancement species outside marine ranches was associated with the obvious advantage of the proposed migration enhancement model over the traditional enhancement production model.A small difference in the densities of enhancement species inside and outside marine ranches was highly beneficial for improving the accuracy of MSY estimation.The migration enhancement biomass model proposed in this study provides an idea for estimating the MSY of an enhancement species that migrates inside and outside marine ranches.Researchers can adjust the parameters of the model in accordance with the actual situation of resource distribution and changes to improve the scientificity of fishery stock assessment.

Design of Ranch Fire Monitoring System Based on Zig Bee Technology

This paper designs a way to introduce Zig Bee technology into the ranch fire monitoring system,and builds a real-time ranch fire monitoring system based on Zig Bee wireless sensor network.The system can monitor the parameters related to ranch in real time,such as air moisture,temperature and smoke density,so as to provide information support for ranch fire prevention and extinguishment.This paper researches the circuit design of Zig Bee wireless sensor network node,node information collection,data fusion,transmission and effective topological structure of sensor network.

Physicochemical Characteristics, Degradation Rate and Vulnerability Potential of Obudu Cattle Ranch Soils in Southeast Nigeria

Obudu Cattle Ranch covers an area of 2400 hactares at an altitude of 900 - 1500 m above mean sea level and is suitable for cultivation of cucumber (Cucumis sativus), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum), spinach (Spinacia oleracea) cabbage (Brassica oleracea), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) because of its semitemperate climate. Physicochemical characteristics, degradation rates and vulnerability potential of the soils were studied. Eighteen composite soil samples (0 - 15 and 15 - 30 cm) were collected at interval of 500 m along North-South and East-West transects in nine locations. The soils were characterized as follows: texture of sandy loam for the surface and subsurface soils;pH(H2O) (4.7 - 5.7), organic carbon (4.9 - 74.8 gkg-1), total nitrogen (0.2 - 4.8 gkg-1), carbon-nitrogen ratio (14 - 25), available P (6.66 - 107.89 mgkg-1), effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) (5.58 - 14.62 cmol·kg-1) and base saturation (49.37% - 85.28%);the surface soils were generally higher in organic carbon, total nitrogen, available P and ECEC than the subsurface. The Soil Degradation Rate (SDR)/ Vulnerability Potential (Vp) weighted values of texture (3/3), soil pH(H2O) (4/2), organic carbon (1/5) and base saturation (2/4) showed moderate to low susceptibility of the soils to degradation or vulnerability. The soils could be managed by liming, practicing crop rotation and using soil conservative measures.

Promoting integrated development of marine ranching and offshore renewable energy in China

The integrated development of marine ranching and offshore renewable energy is a new development mode of marine industry which develops and uses marine resources intensively and ecologically.China has taken the lead in carrying out active exploration,which is of great significance for implementing the concept of green development,seizing the opportunity of Marine economic development and promoting the construction of modern marine ranching.However,in the initial stage of integrated development,in order to ensure sustainable development,it is necessary to focus on the major problems that have emerged or may arise in the areas of ecological protection,technology research and development,financial support and policy support.To solve or prevent these problems,we should strengthen policy toplevel design,policy innovation,international cooperation and first-mover advantage.

Current Situation, Problems and Countermeasures of Marine Ranching Development in Guangdong Province, China

Combining the literature review and marine field investigation in the sea area,this article summarized the development and current situation of marine ranching at home and abroad.It analyzed the construction process of artificial fish reefs,proliferation and release,and national-level marine ranching demonstration areas,as well as the current development situation and existing problems of marine ranching-related industries in Guangdong Province.Guangdong has built 50 ecological artificial reef areas,3 large-scale artificial reef demonstration areas,1 local artificial reef area and 15 national marine ranching areas,with a total sea area of 1499.68 km^(2),and 2.004 million m^(3) of reefs.However,there are some problems in Guangdong marine ranching,including imperfect management mechanism,inconsistence in development concept and understanding,unclear rights and responsibilities in using sea area,lack of construction technology standards and specifications,low scientific and technological level and limited industrial development.In view of these problems,this article came up with countermeasures,including insisting on ecology-prioritized development,and strengthening the coordination of multiple departments;creating a management mode conducive to market-oriented operation;breaking through the issue of sea area ownership;establishing a technical standard system for marine ranch construction in Guangdong;strengthening the research on the basis of high-quality construction and key common technologies of Guangdong marine ranching;establishing industrialization modes of Guangdong marine ranching according to local conditions.Understanding the development status of marine ranching in Guangdong and exploring the development strategies of marine ranching industry by referring to the relevant experience at home and abroad can provide references for the effective management,efficient and sustainable development of marine ranching in Guangdong and the integration of three industries in the development of marine ranching in Guangdong.

Feasibility analysis and implementation of marine ranching integration of offshore wind power development in Guangdong Province

Marine ranching is a new model for restoring marine ecological environment and conserving offshore fishery resources.Offshore wind power is a new clean energy industry in China.Based on the analysis of the construction of offshore wind farms in Guangdong Province,this article proposes to actively promote the integrated development of offshore wind power and marine ranching.The suitability and deployment conditions of Sargasso algae reef construction in offshore wind farms,the feasibility of developing an integrated development model featuring artificial algae reefs+offshore wind farms in Guangdong Province,as well as the importance of ecological sea area use and management were discussed.Regarding the necessity of intensive and economical utilization of sea and sea resources,it is believed that the development model of"marine ranching+offshore wind power"will become an important direction for improving the comprehensive utilization of sea areas in the future.

Ecosystem service value of artificial reef area in Qingdao Luhaifeng sea ranching:A meta-analysis and benefit transfer valuation

This study evaluates the ecosystem service value of Qingdao Luhaifeng Sea Ranch artificial reef area through the established meta-analysis value transfer model,and the results show that the total value will be 150 million yuan in 2022.According to the regression results of the meta-analysis,the types of ecosystem services,the types of pasture sediment,the population density of the pasture area,and the economic level all have a significant impact on the wetland value.The model in this paper passes the validity test,and the conclusions are the same as many current empirical studies.This shows that the benefit transfer method meta-analysis can save assessment labor,time and capital,and the decision-makers can make judgments quickly.Meta-analysis is an effective and fast ex ante evaluation tool.The reliability of the value transfer method of meta-analysis largely depends on the quantity and quality of existing studies and the establishment of mathematical models.It is necessary to expand the number of literature searches.However,the current evaluation method of ecosystem services in China has just started,so the government needs to encourage research institutions to evaluate the value of ecosystem services to provide more effective and abundant research literature.

Pre and Post Effects Assessment of Marine Ranch Construction in Chlorophyll-a Concentration Using MODIS Data and a Web-Based Tool. A Case Study in Zhelin Bay, China

Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration in lakes can tell a lot about a lake’s water quality and ecosystem. It is a measure of the amount of algae growing in a waterbody and can be used to monitor the trophic condition of a waterbody. We studied the pre and post effects of marine ranch construction in Chl-a concentration in Zhelin Bay, Southern China using Normalized Difference Chlorophyll Index (NDCI) and a web-based tool (https://mapcoordinates.info/). We used 8 day composite MODIS image collections of 500 m resolution and randomly selected two stations to extract the chlorophyll-a concentration values through the web-based tool. We recorded the slight increase in NDCI values in all stations after the construction of marine ranch which is a good indicator of the marine organisms’ reproduction and survival.

适度规模养牛场粪污综合治理技术

适度规模养牛场数量多、分散、设施化水平低,是陇东地区肉牛养殖业的中坚力量,但关注度低,存在粪污面源污染、治理难度大的问题。本文结合生产实际,从粪污源头减量、过程控制、末端处理适用技术应用解决污染问题,实现粪污无害化资源化利用,为当地牛产业良性发展提供技术支持。

外伶仃海洋牧场附近海域沉积物重金属分布特征及生态风险评价

沉积物是承载地球演化历史和人类活动变迁信息的地质物质。为了解海底表层沉积物的污染状况及生态风险,以外伶仃海洋牧场附近海域沉积物为研究对象,分别于2020和2021年测定该海域沉积物的粒度、特征指标及6种主要重金属元素的含量。采用内梅罗污染指数法、潜在生态风险指数法和地累积指数法对重金属的潜在生态风险进行了评价,同时探讨了重金属的可能来源。结果显示,调查海域沉积物的主要类型为粉砂质黏土,各元素含量空间差异较大,整体随离岸距离的增加而逐渐降低。6种重金属含量均与有机碳正相关。3种生态风险评价方法所得出的评价结果基本一致,高污染区主要位于外伶仃岛东北原人工鱼礁建设范围海域。内梅罗综合污染指数结果显示调查海域沉积物整体属1级清洁水平。潜在生态风险指数表明重金属汞(Hg)在评价中所占权重最大,潜在风险系数和地累积指数明显高于其他重金属。研究表明,调查海域沉积物重金属生态风险整体处于低风险,但仍需对重金属尤其是Hg保持高度关注。

广西银滩南部海域海洋牧场鱼类群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系

适时评价国家级海洋牧场示范区的鱼类资源状况,对推进海洋牧场建设具有重要意义。基于2022年4月广西银滩南部海域海洋牧场渔业资源调查数据,分析了鱼类资源特征、群落结构及其与环境因子的相关性,以为北部湾海洋牧场生态效应研究提供参考。结果显示,示范区鱼类数量密度、生物量密度和种类数均高于对照区。示范区和对照区鱼类物种组成在种级水平上为中等不相似,且2个区域鱼类群落均受到一定程度的干扰。研究区鱼类群落可划分为4个具有显著性差异的类群(p<0.05),分别位于示范区B区和对照区南部站位(类群Ⅰ)、对照区北部站位(类群Ⅱ)、示范区A区和B区交界处(类群Ⅲ)和示范区A区(类群Ⅳ)。类群Ⅰ和Ⅲ的平均相异性指数为53.88%,贡献率排前3位的分歧种为吉打副叶鲹(Alepes djedaba)、蓝圆鲹(Decapterus maruadsi)和竹荚鱼(Trachurus japonicus);类群Ⅲ和Ⅳ的平均相异性指数为48.85%,贡献率排前3位的分歧种为竹荚鱼、短吻鲾(Leiognathus brevirostris)和花斑蛇鲻(Saurida undosquamis)。水温和化学需氧量是显著影响研究区鱼类群落结构的主要环境因子,溶解氧和浮游植物密度的影响稍弱。

海洋牧场建设效益评价研究进展与展望

建设海洋牧场是中国海洋渔业转型升级的关键策略,旨在通过人工干预的方式促进海洋渔业资源增殖和生态环境修复。人工鱼礁和增殖放流是海洋牧场建设的重要手段,人工鱼礁通过改善海域生态环境为鱼类提供适宜的栖息地,增殖放流则直接补充特定的海洋生物种群。文章综述了海洋牧场的发展历程、建设现状及效益评价方法,分析了人工鱼礁的水下物理状态、流场效应、规模效应及其渔业增殖效应,强调了科学布设的重要性;总结了增殖放流标记回捕、统计量分析和模型分析等效应评估方法。尽管中国在这些领域已经取得了显著进展,但仍面临人工鱼礁建设规模与生态效益的关系不明确、增殖放流效果评价的准确度有待提升以及缺乏成熟的定量评估模型等挑战。此外,还提出了未来的研究方向及建议,包括完善评价指标体系、强化技术创新、构建定量评估模型以及加强政策和管理指导等,以期推动海洋牧场科研和实践的发展,实现海洋渔业资源的可持续利用和海洋生态平衡。

基于生物资源的万山海洋牧场生境适宜性评估

万山群岛海域生态环境日益恶化、渔业资源持续衰退,因此建设万山群岛海洋牧场,修复海域生态环境、实现渔业资源可持续利用迫在眉睫。针对现阶段基于海洋生物资源的海洋牧场适宜性评估的研究较少,本研究利用渔业资源调查和全球物种数据库记录数据及13个环境因素数据,采用物种分布模型MaxEnt对选择的白姑鱼、日本金线鱼、红星梭子蟹和浅缝骨螺潜在分布区进行预测,探讨海洋生物地理分布与海洋环境因素之间的关系进而进行万山海洋牧场生境适宜性评估,结果表明:(1)各模型AUC值均大于0.9,说明构建的模型对这些物种潜在分布的模拟效果较好,后续可采用MaxEnt模型对4种生物的栖息地分布区进行预测;(2)海底浮游植物密度、海底温度以及海底硅酸盐浓度是影响这4种海洋生物栖息地分布的关键环境因子;(3)基于该4种海洋物种MaxEnt模型的HSI分布区所存在重叠区域来看,海洋牧场拟建设区域应为纬度21.85°N~22.15°N,经度113.6°E~114.2°E。研究结果可为万山海洋牧场规划和建设提供科学依据。