川白芷种质的RAPD遗传标记研究

目的:对川白芷生长过程中不同形态的4个类群及杭白芷进行基因组DNA多态性分析,试图从分子水平为其栽培及种质鉴定提供依据。方法:以40个10碱基随机引物进行RAPD分析。结果:共扩增出314个条带,其中多态性条带96条,占31%。结论:川白芷叶柄颜色的不同与是否抽薹无明显的相关性,而产地的差异对遗传变异的影响大于因其叶柄颜色不同所造成的影响。

The comparison between allozyme and RAPD makers for the population genetic structure analysis of scallop Chlamys farreri

To compare genetic markers for population genetics analysis, allozyme electrophoresis and random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） were used to detect the genetic structure of scallop Chlamysfarreri population. Thirteen enzymes （MDH, ME, IDH, GPI, PGM, PEP-LG, PEP-pp, ACP, AK, PK, AAT, SOD, EST） in three butter systems （TC, pH6.9; TMME, pH 7.4; and EBT, pHS.9） were selected and 22 loci were used for the analysis, among them 7 loci （Gpi, Pgm, Pep.m-l, Pep.pp. Aat-2, Est-2, Est-3） were polymorphic which attributed 31.82% to the total. The average of heterozygosity was 0.113 and most of the studied loci showed heterozygote deficiencies. The same specimens were investigated using 10 arbitrarily selected primers （10-base）. Twenty two of 54 RAPD fragments were polymorphic with average heterozygosity of 0.194. The result indicated that the two types of markers reflected a consistent trend in the parameter values of genetic diversity of the population, but RAPD revealed more information of genetic variation than allozyme electrophoresis.

A genetic linkage map of marine shrimp Penaeus (Fenneropenaeus) chinensis based on AFLP, SSR, and RAPD markers

The Chinese shrimp Penaeus (Fenneropaeneus) chinensis is an important species in marine fishery and aquaculture in China. A female Chinese shrimp Penaeus (Fenneropaeneus) chinensis was captured from west coast of the Korean peninsula and mated with a "Yellow Sea No. 1" male to produce the first filial generation (F1) 100 F2 full-sib progeny from brother-sister crosses between F1 families was used for the mapping study. A genetic linkage map of the Chinese shrimp was constructed, based on 354 markers, including 300 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers, 42 microsatellite (SSR) markers, and 12 randomly amplified polymorphism (RAPD) markers. Forty-seven linkage groups (LGs) were identified. The total map length was 4 580.5 cM, with an average spacing of 11.3 cM, covering 75.8% of the estimated genome size. The construction of this genetic linkage map was part of a genetic breeding program. This linkage map will contribute to the discovery of genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in Chinese shrimp.

Analysis of 50 Cucumber Accessions by RAPD Markers

Genetic diversity of 50 cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) accessions from American, Holland, Japan and China was detected and evaluated using RAPD markers. 25 selected primers produced 215 scorable polymorphic RAPD bands and the ratio of polymorphism is 86.98%. Four main groups of cucumber accessions could be distinguished from UPGMA analysis: Occidental cucumber, South-China cucumber, North-China cucumber and Xishuangbanna cucumber. Our result confirmed that cucumber is a narrow-based germplasm, nevertheless RAPD analysis was stili useful in cucumber genotypic differentiation. More significantly, Xishuangbanna cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. Var Xishuangbannanesis Qi et Yuan), a mutation of cucumber, was clustered together to a special group in the study, which implied its special status in cucumber germplasm.

RAPD-PCR Based Marker Approach for the Genetic Differentiation of Two Species of Cockroach （Order-Dictyoptera）

Random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） analysis was conducted for the differentiation of two most commonly occurring insect species Periplaneta americana and Blatella germanicana. This technique is proved to be a quick and effective to establish genetic markers to differentiate morphologically similar populations. During the study cockroach species Periplanata americana and Blatella germanicana were considered. Ten random primers were used for polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. Many of such bands obtained, which differentiate between the two species. On the basis of interpretability, simplicity and reproducibility, six primers P1 （GATGACCGCC）, P3 （GGCACGTAAC）, P6 （GGTGCGCCTT）, P7 （GTCAGAGTCG）, P8 （GTCGCCGTCT） and PI0 （GTGCCCGATG） were considered positive for genetic differentiation and analysis. A series of bands ranging from -300 bp to -1,000 bp obtained indicates that these two species are related, however they exhibit some variations. It has also been observed that the same primers also amplified some DNA fragments of the same size in both the species, which indicates the presence of conserved regions, sharing ancestral relationship. Some of the fragments were unique in both the species which may be used for diagnostic purposes. The study concludes that the RAPD-PCR technique is useful for the study of molecular taxonomy in insects.

Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Relationships among Maize （Zea mays L,） Varieties in Iraq Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA （RAPD） Markers

RAPD （random amplified polymorphic DNA） markers were performed to fingerprint 20 varieties of maize. Twenty operon primers generated informative RAPD patterns and selected for further RAPD analysis. These 20 primers yielded 291 of main bands, out of which 169 were polymorphic bands across tested varieties. Each selected primer produced between 59 bands （OPC-01） to 142 bands （OPX-04）. Amplification products （DNA amplicons） and fragments size ranged from 260 bp （OPT-06） to 2,365 bp （OPP-05）. The largest number of polymorphic bands （20 bands） was produced by primer OPX-04 while, the lowest number of polymorphic bands （1 band） was produced by primer OPA-03. The primers of the most interest of this purpose were those that produced more variety specific DNA profiles, such as OPD-03, OPE-18, OPF-05, OPL-11 and OPX-04. The primer efficiency ranged from 0.20 in primer OPA-12 to 0.01 in primer OPA-03. The highest polymorphism and value of discrimination in this study were obtained with primers OPX-04, while, the lowest polymorphism and value of discrimination were obtained with primers OPA-03. The lowest genetic distance was 0.1941 between varieties Manlcet and Biotech Bag, while, the highest genetic distance was 0.6433 between varieties Pio 3751 and Buhooth 106. Cluster analysis （phylogenetic tree） by UPGMA （unweighted pair-group method of arithmetic means） based dendrogram revealed that they were four main genetic groups. The overall analysis of the results reveals that the genetic relationships among the maize varieties were related to some of their morphological characters as well as to their geographical origins at the molecular genetics.