New Macrocyclic Diamide from Rauvolfia Yunnanensis Tsiang

A new macrocyclic diamide, 22-membered macrocyclic diamide, named cyclodicaprylamide（2）, and five known compounds, bis（2-ethylhexyl） phthalate（1）, ethyl 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate（3）, ethyl 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamate （4）, （＋）-syringaresinol（5）, loliolide（6）, were isolated from the roots of Rauvolfia yunnanensis Tsiang. Their structures were elucidated based on NMR, 2D NMR, and MS spectrum, respectively. They were obtained from it for the first time.

Mosquito larvicidal activity of Rauvolfia serpentina L.seeds against Culex quinquefasciatus Say

Objective:To establish the larvicidal activities,if any of solvent extracts of Rauvolfia serpentina (R.serpentina) L.seeds against Culex quinquefasciatus(Cx.quinquefasciatus) Say.1823 as target species.Methods:Seeds of R.serpentina were extracted with five solvents graded according to the polarity[viz.petroleum ether.benzene,ethyl acetate,acetone and absolute alcohol] continuing one after another with the same seeds.Results:Mortality rate with petroleum ether extract was significantly higher than other extracts.The mortality rates of late 3rd instar larvae wore 50.33±5.51.10.00±1.00.0.00±0.00.21.33±1.53 and 0.00±0.00 in 100 ppm concentration of petroleum ether,benzene,ethyl acetate,acetone and absolute alcohol respectively,after 24 h of exposure period.Conclusions:Results of this study show that petroleum ether extract of R. serpentina seed may be considered as a potent source of mosquito larvicidal agent.

Evaluation of in-vitro antibacterial activity and anti-inflammatory activity for different extracts of Rauvolfia tetraphylla L.root bark

Objective:To assess the in-vitro antihacterial activity and anti-inflammatory activity of orally administered different extracts(Hydro-alcoholic,methanolic,ethyl acetate and hexane)of Rauvolfia tetraphylla(R.tetraphylla)root bark in Carrageetiaii induced acute inflammation in rats.Methods:In-vitro antibacterial activity was evaluated for extracts against four Gram positive and four Gram negative bacteria by using cylinder plate assay.Hydro-alcoholic extract(70%v/v ethanol)at 200,400 and 800 mg/kg doses and methanolic,ethyl acetate and hexane extracts at doses 100,200 and 400 mg/kg were tested for anti-inflammatory activity in Carrageenan induced rat paw oedema model and paw thickness was measured every one hour up to 6 hrs.Results:All extracts of R.tetraphylla root bark showed good zone of inhibition against tested bacterial strains.In Carrageenan induced inflammation model,hydro-alcoholic and methanolic extract of R.tetraphylla root bark at three different doses produced significant(P<0.00l)reduction when compared to vehicle treated control group and hexane,ethyl acetate extracts.Conclusions:In the present study extracts of R.tetraphylla root bark shows good in-vitro antibacterial activity and in-vivo anti-inflammatory activity in rats.

A new monoterpenoid indole alkaloid from Rauvolfia yunnanensis

One new monoterpenoid indole alkaloid, l l-methoxyburnamine-17-O-3′,4′,5′-trimethoxybenzoate （1）, was isolated from Rauvolfia yunnanensis Tsiang. Its structure was identified by speclroscopic evidences.

Rauvotetraphyllines A-E, new indole alkaloids from Rauvolfia tetraphylla

Five new indole alkaloids rauvotetraphyllines A-E(1-5),together with eight known analogues,were isolated from the aerial parts of Rauvolfia tetraphylla.The structures were established by means of spectroscopic methods.

Hybrid Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids Obtained as Artifacts from Rauvolfia tetraphylla

Five new hybrid monoterpenoid indole alkaloids bearing an unusual 2,2-dimethyl-4-oxopiperidin-6-yl moiety,namely rauvotetraphyllines F–H(1,3,4),17-epi-rauvotetraphylline F(2)and 21-epi-rauvotetraphylline H(5),were isolated from the aerial parts of Rauvolfia tetraphylla.Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic analysis.The new alkaloids were evaluated for their cytotoxicity in vitro against five human cancer cell lines.

Three new indole alkaloids from Rauvolfia yunnanensis

One rare tetracyclic macroline-type indole alkaloid,named rauvoyunine A(1),and two new picraline-type alkaloids rauvoyunines B and C(2 and 3)were isolated from the aerial parts of Rauvolfia yunnanensis.Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis.Compounds 2 and 3 were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity against five human tumor cell lines.

Extractive from Rauvolfia verticillata (Lour.) Baill. var. hainanensis Tsiang ameliorate ulcerative colitis in Dextran Sodium Sulfate-induced Mice via regulating the MAPK pathway

Objective: To investigate the effect and mechanism of Rauwolfia verticillata (Lour.) Baill. var. hainanensis Tsiang extract on mice with colitis induced by Dextran sulphate sodium (DSS). Methods: 80 BALB/C mice were randomly divided into (1) normal control group, (2) DSS group, (3) DSS + SASP treatment group, (4) DSS + PP treatment group. After the experiment, the mice in each group were observed daily general conditions, Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of ERK, p38 MAPK and JNK protein in colonic mucosa of mice in each group. The expression of TNF-_and IL-6 cytokines in colonic tissue of mice was detected by ELASA. Results: The general situation of SASP group and PP group was better than DSS group;Compared with DSS group, the expression of ERK, p38 MAPK and JNK protein was significantly decreased. The levels of TNF-a and IL-6 in colon tissue of SASP group and PP group were significantly decreased. Conclusion: The results suggest that pectin polysaccharide from Rauvolfia hainanensis extract has a significant therapeutic effect on colitis in DSS mice, which may via regulating the MAPK signal pathway pathways.

HPLC法测定新乐康片相关药材中8种活性成分含量

建立HPLC法同时测定新乐康片中三味原料药材钩藤、酸枣仁和萝芙木中钩藤碱、异钩藤碱、斯皮诺素、酸枣仁皂苷A、酸枣仁皂苷B、育亨宾、阿义吗啉及利血平等8种活性成分的含量。采用Titank C18(250 mm×4.6mm,5μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-0.4%磷酸水溶液(含0.05%三乙胺)为流动相,梯度洗脱,检测波长204 nm,流速为1.0 mL/min,柱温为30℃。上述三味药材相关成分之间分离度良好,在λ=204 nm条件下,其在分别的线性范围内与响应值之间的线性关系良好(R^(2)≥0.9990);8种活性成分的平均加样回收率98.37%~101.21%,RSD<2%,仪器精密度、供试品溶液的稳定性与方法重复性均良好。建立的HPLC法可一法对钩藤、酸枣仁和萝芙木三味中药材中8种活性成分含量进行测定,为药业在生产新乐康片前期选材上节约了测定时间,提高了生产效率,同时为新乐康片中活性成分HPLC含量测定方法的建立及其质量标准升级提供参考。

Rauvolfia serpentina-Mediated Green Synthesis of CuO Nanoparticles and Its Multidisciplinary Studies

Copper oxide nanoparticles （CuO Nps） were successfully synthesized by solution combustion method using aqueous leaf extract of Rauvolfia serpentina as a fuel. The structure and morphology of the CuO nanoparticles （Nps） were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction （PXRD）, UV-visible spectroscopy （UV-visible）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, etc. The PXRD patterns reveal the formation of monoclinic phase with crystallite structure. SEM images indicate that the particles have sponge-like structure being highly porous and agglom- erated with large surface area. The average crystallite sizes were found to be in the range of 10-20 nm by Scherrer＇s method. The CuO Nps size was further confirmed by TEM. Further, CuO Nps exhibit good photocatalytic activity for the photodegradation of trypan blue dye, indicating that it acts as a promising semiconducting material. The antibacterial properties of CuO nanoparticles were investigated against pathogenic bacterial strains, namely Gram -ve Escherichia coli （NCIM-5051） and Pseudomonas desmolyticum （NCIM-2028） and Gram ＋ve bacteria Staphylococcus aureus （NCIM- 5022） using the agar well diffusion method.

橡胶-萝芙木-肉桂复合林的植物生长及其生物量动态

【目的】探明橡胶-萝芙木-肉桂复合林与同龄橡胶纯林的植物生长与生物量动态及其差异,为橡胶复合林合理的结构组建以及环境友好型橡胶园的建设和热带退化山地的恢复与可持续利用提供依据。【方法】在16年生橡胶林按行距2 m×2 m的规格种植2行萝芙木和1行肉桂构建了橡胶-萝芙木-肉桂复合林,在同一坡面的橡胶复合林和橡胶纯林的上、中、下三个地段分别建立3块长期定位观测样地,自2010—2018年每隔2年对橡胶-萝芙木-肉桂复合林与橡胶纯林样地中植物的基径、胸径、高度等因子进行了定期观测。根据野外观测数据计算了两种不同林分中橡胶、萝芙木和肉桂的高度、胸径和基径年均生长量。同时采用已建立的橡胶、萝芙木、肉桂的生物量回归方程估算了两种林分的生物量,并对其组成、生物量动态与分配特征及林分的年净生产量进行了分析。【结果】复合林中橡胶的年均胸径生长量和年均高度生长量均稍大于橡胶纯林,其生物量(113.20 t·hm^(-2))为橡胶纯林的1.06倍(P>0.05);萝芙木的年均胸径生长量和年均高度生长量随种植时间而逐渐减少,其生物量则随种植时间而增加,从0.21 t·hm^(-2)增长到2.91 t·hm^(-2);肉桂的年均胸径生长自种植6年后呈现下降趋势,年均高度生长和生物量则随种植时间而增长,其生物量从0.27 t·hm^(-2)增长到0.47 t·hm^(-2)。橡胶复合林的总生物量(116.58 t·hm^(-2))也稍大于橡胶纯林,是橡胶纯林的1.1倍(P>0.05),但两个不同林分生物量的器官分配比例均为:茎>根>枝>叶。随着林龄的增加,复合林及橡胶纯林的总生物量均呈增长趋势,但复合林的年均净生产量是橡胶纯林的1.26倍(P<0.05)。【结论】橡胶林的复合种植有利于橡胶树的生长,橡胶复合林比橡胶纯林具有更大的生物量积累、更高的年均净生产量及更快的生物量积累速率。

基于CiteSpace的萝芙木属植物研究知识图谱可视化分析

为了解萝芙木属植物在中医药领域的研究热点和前沿方向,通过检索中国知网(CNKI)和Web of Science数据库中2002-2022年萝芙木属植物的化学成分、药理活性和临床应用等相关研究文献,利用CiteSpace 6.1.R6软件绘制萝芙木属植物研究的知识图谱,对发文量、作者、研究机构和关键词等进行可视化分析。共筛选纳入中文有效文献173篇,英文有效文献356篇,结果显示年发文量总体上呈波动上升趋势。中、英文文献发文量最多的作者分别为曹福祥和Stockigt J,发文量最多的机构分别为中南林业科技大学和Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz。关键词分析结果显示,萝芙木属植物的研究方向集中于萝芙木属植物的栽培种植和化学成分的提取鉴定及其药理活性的分析,其中中文文献侧重于萝芙木属植物的培育,英文文献侧重于异胡豆苷合酶等化学成分的提取鉴定和各类化学成分药理活性中的抗菌、抗氧化作用。萝芙木属植物的化学成分及其药理活性的深入研究与临床应用实践是未来主要发展趋势。

绿春萝芙木资源薄层色谱鉴别

根据形态学特征对绿春县萝芙木(Rauvolfia L.)资源进行鉴定,同时采用薄层色谱法进行色谱鉴别.结果表明,绿春产萝芙木分别为萝芙木Rauvolfia vericillata(Lour.)Bail.和云南萝芙木Rauvolfia yunnanensisTsiang,两者色谱特征差异明显,但两者均含有药用成份利血平(reserpine)和育亨宾(yohimbine),开发时应综合利用.

云南产萝芙木生物碱薄层色谱法鉴别

采用薄层色谱法对云南产萝芙木[Rauvolfia vericillata(Lour.)Bail.]和云南萝芙木[Rauvolfia yunnanensis Tsiang]生物碱进行色谱鉴别。结果表明,两种萝芙木的根、茎、叶均含有药用成分利血平和育亨宾。鉴于萝芙木各营养器官均含有药用生物碱,开发时应综合利用。

转化毛状根获得萝芙木生物碱的研究

药用植物萝芙木(Rauvolfia verticillata)的无菌苗被含有Ri质粒的发根农杆菌(Agrobacterium rhizogenes)感染后,诱导出毛状根(Hairy root)。将毛状根分离、除菌后,在不含激素的MS固体或液体培养基上培养,从296个株系中筛选出RV 19、RV 26、RV 37和RV53四个生长速度快、分枝数量多等优良特性的无性系。对毛状根中次生代谢产物的提取和测定表明,四个无性系均含有原植物体所具有的吲哚生物碱。为应用转化毛状根技术获得植物次生代谢产物开辟了一条新的有效途径。

高效液相色谱法测定萝芙木中育亨宾和利血平的含量

目的建立检测萝芙木中有亨宾和利血平含量的高效液相色谱分析方法。方法采用C18色谱柱，流动相A为甲醇-水-三氟乙酸（30：70：0．1），流动相B为甲醇-水-三氟乙酸（55：45：0．1），阶段洗脱，流速为1mL／min，检测波长为230nm结果育亨宾、利血平在10～200μg／mL浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系，加样回收率、精密度、稳定性、重复性良好。结论此法灵敏准确，可用于萝芙木中育亨宾、利血平的含量测定。

发根农杆菌介导云南萝芙木的遗传转化

用发根农杆菌A4分别感染云南萝芙木幼嫩的真叶和茎段,诱导出毛状根,并对毛状根进行了离体培养, PCR检测转基因毛状根和HPLC检测毛状根中利血平的含量．结果表明:这两种外植体的转化频率及诱导出的毛状根差异极大,幼嫩的真叶叶片比茎段更适合作转化外植体用．PCR检测结果表明,诱导毛状根的基因rolB和 rolC整合到云南萝芙木基因组中,HPLC含量检测表明毛状根中利血平的含量比自然根中利血平的含量有显著的增加,因此可以作为利血平来源生产的有效途径之一．

萝芙木属植物的物种和分布

对萝芙木属植物的物种及其分布进行了初步研究,目的在于弄清国际上的分类命名现状.结果表明:目前萝芙木属植物的分类比较混乱,还没有一个为国际所普遍接受的分类方法和命名系统,一些种类的分类地位和命名在国际上没有被认可.认为本属植物分类中世界公认的物种应予认可,一些国际权威机构认可的物种可以基本上认定.花和果实是这些植物最重要的分类特征.

IBA和GA_3与温水浸种对催吐萝芙木种子发芽的影响

采用L9（34）和L8（27）的正交设计,了解IBA和GA3与温水浸种对催吐萝芙木种子发芽的影响。结果表明,催吐萝芙木种子平均发芽率和发芽势分别为0.0%-37.7%和0.0%-23.7%,处理组合间呈现极显著的差异。IBA和GA3是影响催吐萝芙木发芽率和发芽势的主导因子,低浓度的IBA（0.25 g/L）和高浓度的GA3（1.00 g/L）与40-60℃的温水配合依次浸种,可极显著提高发芽率和发芽势。

加速溶剂萃取(ASE)技术提取海南萝芙木活性成分

考察了加速溶剂萃取(ASE)技术对海南萝芙木抗氧化活性成分的提取效果。以提取物对DPPH自由基的清除率为指标,确定水-丙酮混合溶剂为最佳溶媒,通过正交实验确定了最佳提取条件,即样品经质量分数1%的盐酸预处理30 m in后,以V(丙酮)∶V(水)=1∶1为溶媒,在125℃用加速溶剂萃取仪提取,所得提取物对DPPH自由基的清除率为89.378%,而索式提取法仅为68.45%。表明加速溶剂萃取技术可以作为萝芙木中活性成分的一种高效提取手段。