Transcriptomic analysis reveals the effect of the exopolysaccharide of Psychrobacter sp.B-3 on gene expression in RAW264.7 macrophage cells

B-3 exopolysaccharide is extracted from the Antarctic psychrophilic bacterium Psychrobacter sp. B-3. We have previously shown that it activates macrophages and affects their immunoregulatory activities. To determine what genes are affected during this process, we detected the genes differentially expressed in cells of RAW264.7 macrophages treated with B-3 exopolysaccharide by transcriptomic analysis. B-3 exopolysaccharide treatment caused differential expression of 420 genes, of which 178 were up-regulated and 242 were down-regulated. These genes were shown to be involved in many aspects of cell function, mainly metabolism and immunity. Genes were enriched in multiple immune-related pathways, and the most significantly enriched genes were involved in antigen processing and presentation pathways. The pathway in which differentially expressed genes were the most significantly enriched was the metabolic pathway; specifically, the expression of many metabolic enzyme genes was altered by B-3 exopolysaccharide treatment. Additionally, the genes involved in metabolisms of amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleotides, varied to certain degrees. B-3 exopolysaccharide, therefore, appears to directly affect the immune function of RAW264.7 macrophages as an immunostimulant, or to indirectly change intracellular metabolism. This is the first study to determine the effect of an Antarctic psychrophilic bacterial exopolysaccharide on RAW264.7 macrophages. Our findings provide an important reference for research into the regulation of macrophage immune function by different polysaccharides.

野菊花水提物对RAW264.7炎症细胞模型的抗炎作用及其机制

目的建立以脂多糖(LPS)诱导的RAW 264.7巨噬细胞为模型,探讨野菊花提取液(CID)通过核转录因子(NF-κB)信号通路发挥抗炎活性的作用及其分子机制。方法以噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测不同浓度CID对RAW 264.7巨噬细胞活性的影响以筛选适宜的实验浓度;分别采用Griess法和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定50、100、200μg·mL^(-1) CID干预后各组细胞中一氧化氮(NO)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的释放量;实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)分析各组中环氧合酶-2(COX-2)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)mRNA的相对表达水平;免疫印迹实验(WB)观察各组中nuclear factor-kappa B p65(NF-κB p65)、inhibitor kappa B(IκB-α)和磷酸化IκB-α(p-IκB-α)的蛋白表达。结果50~200μg·mL^(-1)的CID可显著降低LPS诱导RAW264.7巨噬细胞中NO、TNF-α和IL-6的生成量(P<0.01),并能下调COX-2和iNOX mRNA的相对表达(P<0.01)、下调p-IκB-α、总的NF-κB p65、细胞核NF-κB p65的蛋白相对含量(P<0.01),并上调IκB-α、细胞质NF-κB p65的相对含量(P<0.01)。结论CID可有效降低LPS诱导RAW 264.7巨噬细胞的炎症因子释放,其机制可能与通过减少TNF-α等关键蛋白表达以及通过抑制NF-κB等炎症信号通路激活来抑制炎症发生有关。

Neutrophil peptide 1 accelerates the clearance of degenerative axons during Wallerian degeneration by activating macrophages after peripheral nerve crush injury

Macrophages play an important role in peripheral nerve regeneration,but the specific mechanism of regeneration is still unclear.Our preliminary findings indicated that neutrophil peptide 1 is an innate immune peptide closely involved in peripheral nerve regeneration.However,the mechanism by which neutrophil peptide 1 enhances nerve regeneration remains unclear.This study was designed to investigate the relationship between neutrophil peptide 1 and macrophages in vivo and in vitro in peripheral nerve crush injury.The functions of RAW 264.7 cells we re elucidated by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay,flow cytometry,migration assays,phagocytosis assays,immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Axonal debris phagocytosis was observed using the CUBIC(Clear,Unobstructed Brain/Body Imaging Cocktails and Computational analysis)optical clearing technique during Wallerian degeneration.Macrophage inflammatory factor expression in different polarization states was detected using a protein chip.The results showed that neutrophil peptide 1 promoted the prolife ration,migration and phagocytosis of macrophages,and CD206 expression on the surfa ce of macrophages,indicating M2 polarization.The axonal debris clearance rate during Wallerian degeneration was enhanced after neutrophil peptide 1 intervention.Neutrophil peptide 1 also downregulated inflammatory factors interleukin-1α,-6,-12,and tumor necrosis factor-αin invo and in vitro.Thus,the results suggest that neutrophil peptide 1 activates macrophages and accelerates Wallerian degeneration,which may be one mechanism by which neutrophil peptide 1 enhances peripheral nerve regeneration.

Protective effects of paeonol on LPS-induced macrophage RAW264.7 injury through TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB pathway

Objective:To study the protective effect of paeonol on LPS-induced inflammatory injury of macrophage RAW264.7 cells and its mechanism.Methods:Macrophage RAW264.7 cells were cultured and divided into blank group,LPS(1μg/mL)group,paeonol(240μmol/mL)group and TAK242(10μmol/mL)group.The cell activity was detected by CCK8 method,the cell morphology was observed by inverted microscope,the contents of GSH and MDA in cell culture medium were determined by colorimetry,the mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by JC-1 method,the expression distribution of F4/80 and p-NF-κB protein was detected by immunofluorescence method,and the expression of TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB related pathway protein was detected by Western blotting.Results:Compared with the blank group,the cell viability induced by 1μg/mL LPS was 0.4972±0.061(P<0.01),which was close to the half inhibition rate.Compared with LPS group,the expression of p-NF-κB protein in 240μmol/mL paeonol pretreated cell group was down-regulated most significantly(P<0.01),and the expression of TLR4 protein was inhibited most significantly in 10μmol/mL TAK242 pretreated cell group.Compared with LPS group(P<0.01),the cell morphology of paeonol group recovered.Decrease MDA content and increase GSH content in cell culture medium(P<0.01),In the results of mitochondrial membrane potential,the red light of paeonol group was significantly enhanced and the green light was significantly weakened(P<0.001).The expression distribution of F4/80 and p-NF-κB protein in paeonol group decreased significantly(P<0.01),and the expressions of TLR4,p-IκB,p-p38,p-JNK and p-NF-κB protein were down-regulated(P<0.05).Conclusion:Paeonol can improve the inflammatory injury of RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS,and its mechanism may be related to TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB pathway.

Zhikang Capsule Ameliorates Inflammation, Drives Polarization to M2 Macrophages, and Inhibits Apoptosis in Lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 Cells

Objective:To explore the anti-inflammatory effect of the traditional Chinese medicine Zhikang capsule(ZKC)on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells.Methods:Safe concentrations of ZKC(0.175,0.35,and 0.7 mg/mL)were used after the half-maximal inhibitory concentration(IC_(50))of RAW264.7 cells was calculated through the CCK-8 assay.In addition,the optimal intervention duration of ZKC(0.7 mg/mL)on RAW264.7 cells was determined to be 6 h,since all proinflammatory mediators[tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β),inteleukin-6(IL-6),cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2),inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),and monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP-1)]had a decreasing tendency and relatively down-regulated mRNA expression levels as compared with other durations(4,8,and 12 h).RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with ZKC at various concentrations(0.175,0.35 and 0.7 mg/mL)for 6 h and then stimulated with LPS(1 μg/mL)for an additional 12 h.Results:In terms of inflammation,ZKC could reverse LPS-induced upregulation of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,COX-2,iNOS,and MCP-1 at both the mRNA and protein levels in RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner.In terms of the NF-κB signaling pathway,ZKC could reduce phosphorylated p65 and promote M2 polarization of RAW264.7 cells under LPS stimulation in a dose-dependent manner.Moreover,ZKC exhibited a protective effect on macrophages from apoptosis.Conclusion:ZKC exhibited obvious anti­inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects on LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells at the cellular level,and a weakened NF-κB signaling pathway may be a potential significant target.

Effect of Chuanzhifang component (ZGC) on macrophage inflammatory injury based on whole gene expression profile

Objective: The effect of Chuanzhi Fang (ZGC) on the whole genome expression profile of RAW264.7 cells activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was analyzed, and to explore the possible mechanism of action and core target of this formula on macrophage inflammatory injury at the overall level. Methods: A model of LPS-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells was constructed, and the effect of ZGC intervention on the genome-wide expression of inflammatory macrophages 3was examined by gene microarray technology, GO/KEGG enrichment analysis was performed for significantly differentially expressed genes among each group. Results: The results of genome-wide expression profiling microarray analysis showed that the ZGC intervention group upregulated the expression of 5 genes including C4bp and inhibited the expression of 22 genes including Mgat3, Psma6, and Siglecg relative to the LPS model group. KEGG signaling pathway analysis results showed that ZGC mainly acted through cytokine receptor interaction and the C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway. Conclusion: ZGC can interfere with the abnormal expression of 27 genes in inflammatory macrophages, and the related genes may exert corresponding anti-inflammatory effects by affecting cytokine receptor interactions, C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway, and TLR4/ NF-κB signaling pathway.

文冠果叶黄酮对巨噬细胞RAW264.7细胞因子及TLR2受体的影响

通过四甲基偶氮噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法分析文冠果叶黄酮(XLF)对巨噬细胞RAW 264.7增殖活力的影响,酶联免疫吸附测定法检测巨噬细胞RAW 264.7分泌的细胞因子含量;通过XLF处理Toll样受体2(TLR2)抗体作用的巨噬细胞,研究TLR2受体对该细胞因子的介导作用。结果表明:当XLF质量浓度为320μg/mL时,巨噬细胞RAW 264.7分泌的NO、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和肿瘤坏死因子-β(TNF-β)细胞因子最多,且与空白对照差异极显著,但都小于脂多糖(LPS);且与未加入TLR2抗体相比,加入了TLR2抗体的巨噬细胞减少了各细胞因子的分泌,且差异均极显著。XLF可促进巨噬细胞RAW 264.7的增殖及细胞因子的分泌,并且可能通过TLR2受体介导。

Raw264.7 Cells Secrete Fibroblast Growth Stimulating Activity after Differentiation to Macrophages by Stimulation with Lipopolysaccharide

Raw264.7 cells are monocytic cells that can differentiate to activated macrophages after lipopoly-saccharide (LPS) stimulation. Here, we analyzed the factors secreted by Raw264.7 cells in response to LPS. The culture media of LPS-treated Raw264.7 cells was able to stimulate growth in MEF1F2 and NIH3T3 mouse fibroblast cell lines. We identified five secreted and LPS-induced chemokines, CCL2, CCL5, CCL12, CxCL2, and CxCL10, by microarray analysis and tested their stimulatory activity. We used commercially available bacterially expressed proteins, and found only CCL12, CxCL2 and CxCL10 stimulated growth in MEF1F2 and NIH3T3 cells. The saturation density of the cells was also increased. They were not able to stimulate growth in v-Src transformed MEF1F2 or SWAP-70 transformed NIH3T3 cells. We examined signaling pathways activated by these three factors. We found that ERK and p38 MAP kinase were activated and were required for the activity to stimulate the cell growth. Other pathways including phosophatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), NFκB pathways were not activated. These results suggest that Raw264.7 cells secretes growth stimulation factors for fibroblasts when differentiated to macrophages implicating that fast growth of them is related to inflamation although the reason is still unclear.

In Vitro Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Oxidative Stress Induced by Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes in Murine RAW 264.7 Macrophages and Human A549 Lung Cells

Objective To investigate in vitro cytotoxicity and oxidative stress response induced by multiwalled carbon nanotubes （MWCNTs）. Methods Cultured macrophages （murine RAW264.7 cells） and alveolar epithelium cells type II （human A549 lung cells） were exposed to the blank control, DNA salt control, and the MWCNTs suspensions at 2.5, 10, 25, and 100 ug/mL for 24 h. Each treatment was evaluated by cell viability, cytotoxicity and oxidative stress. Results Overall, both cell lines had similar patterns in response to the cytotoxicity and oxidative stress of MWCNTs. DNA salt treatment showed no change compared to the blank control. In both cell lines, significant changes at the doses of 25 and 100 ug/mL treatments were found in cell viabilities, cytotoxicity, and oxidative stress indexes. The reactive oxygen species （ROS） generation was also found to be significantly higher at the dose of 10 ug/mL treatment, whereas no change was seen in most of the indexes. The ROS generation in both cell lines went up in minutes, reached the climax within an hour and faded down after several hours. Conclusion Exposure to MWCNTs resulted in a dose-dependent cytotoxicity in cultured RAW264.7 cells and A549 cells, that was closely correlated to the increased oxidative stress.

Peptide fraction from sturgeon muscle by pepsin hydrolysis exerts anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages via MAPK and NF-κB pathways

Previous studies have suggested that polypeptides extracted from milk, soybean, fish, eggs, and meat possess potential anti-inflammatory effects. To date, few studies have reported the anti-inflammatory function of sturgeon peptides and their underlying mechanisms are unknown. The current study was therefore to determine the anti-inflammatory potential of sturgeon peptides with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 inflammatory model. Pepsin hydrolysate (PeH) was purified by ultrafiltration and Sephadex G-15 gel filtration chromatography. PeH significantly reduced the inflammatory mediator (NO) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β) expression in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the purified sturgeon peptide (F2) possessed strong antioxidant potential and effectively inhibited DPPH and ABTS free radicals. F2 significantly suppressed the expression of MAPK, IκBα, and NF-κB p65, indicating that F2 exerted anti-inflammatory influence by the inhibition of MAPK and NF-κB pathways.

Identification and Function of Acid-sensing Ion Channels in RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cells

Activation of acid-sensing ion channels （ASICs） plays an important role in neuroinflammation. Macrophage recruitment to the sites of inflammation is an essential step in host defense. ASIC1 and ASIC3 have been reported to mediate the endocytosis and maturation of bone marrow derived macrophages. However, the expression and inflammation-related functions of ASICs in RAW 264.7 cells, another common macrophage, are still elusive. In the present study, we first demonstrated the presence of ASIC 1, ASIC2a and ASIC3 in RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line by using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）, Western blotting and immunofluorescence experiments. The non-specific ASICs inhibitor amiloride and specific homomeric ASICla blocker PcTxl reduced the production of iNOS and COX-2 by LPS-induced activating RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, not only amiloride but also PcTxl inhibited the migration and LPS-induced apoptosis of RAW 264.7 cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that ASICs promote the inflammatory response and apoptosis of RAW 264.7 cells, and ASICs may serve as a potential novel target for immunological disease therapy.

Immunoregulatory polysaccharides from Apocynum venetum L.flowers stimulate phagocytosis and cytokine expression via activating the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways in RAW264.7 cells

Two immunomodulatory polysaccharides(Vp2a-Ⅱ and Vp3) were isolated and identified from Apocynum venetum L. flowers, and their innate immune-stimulating functions and working mechanisms were evaluated in RAW264.7 cells. Both the level of released nitric oxide(NO) and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) m RNA were significantly enhanced in the RAW264.7 macrophages cells treated by Vp2a-Ⅱ and Vp3. Vp2a-Ⅱ(100–800 μg/m L) and Vp3(400 μg/mL) could significantly increase the phagocytic activity of RAW264.7 cells and the secretion and m RNA expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in a concentrationdependent manner through affecting mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) activity and nuclear factor κB(NF-κB) nuclear translocation. Vp2a-Ⅱ might activate the MAPK signaling pathways and induce the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, whilst Vp3 likely activated the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways without influencing the p38 MAPK route.

Suppressive effects of acetone extract from the stem bark of three Acacia species on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells

Objective: To compare the inhibitory effects of acetone extracts from the stem bark of three Acacia species(Acacia dealbata, Acacia ferruginea and Acacia leucophloea) on nitric oxide production.Methods: The lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were used to investigate the regulatory effect of acetone extracts of three Acacia stem barks on nitric oxide production and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase,cyclooxygenase-2 and tumor necrosis factor-a. Further, the phenolic profile of acetone extracts from the Acacia barks was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry analysis.Results: All the three extracts significantly decreased LPS-induced NO production as well as the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2 and tumor necrosis factor-a in a concentration dependent manner(25, 50 and 75 mg/m L). In the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry analysis, acetone extract of Acacia ferruginea bark revealed the presence of 12 different phenolic components including quercetin, catechin, ellagic acid and rosmanol. However, Acacia dealbata and Acacia leucophloea barks each contained 6 different phenolic components.Conclusions: The acetone extracts of three Acacia species effectively inhibited the NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and the presence of different phenolic components in the bark extracts might be responsible for reducing the NO level in cells.

The compounds fromDerris laxiflora Benth suppresses lipopolysaccharideinduced inflammatory response in murine Raw264.7 cells

OBJECTIVE The emerging role of chronic inflammation is the major degenerative diseases of modern society such as periodontitis,atherosclerosis,rheumatoid arthritis,Parkinson′s disease and even cancer.Eight components were isolated from Derris laxiflora Benth.,In this study,we found these compounds from Derris laxiflora Benth suppress lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in murine macrophage(RAW 264.7)cells.METHODS RAW 264.7cells were cultured in DMEM media supplemented with 10%(V/V)heated-inactivated FBS,penicillin 100U·mL-1 and streptomycin 100μg·mL-1.The cells were incubated at 37℃in a humidified atmosphere of 5%CO2in air.RAW264.7cells were seeded in a 24-well plate at a density of 2×105 mL-1 and then incubated with or without LPS(100ng·mL-1)in the absence or presence of compounds for 24 h.Effects of these isolates on NO production were measured indirectly by analysis of nitrite levels using the Griess reaction.Quercetin was used as a positive control.RESULTS ight components were isolated from Derris laxiflora Benth.,including three new pterocarpans 7,6′-dihydroxy-3′-methoxypterocarpan(1),derrispisatin(2),derriscoumaronochromone(3)and three new flavonoids cis-3,4′-dihydroxy-5,7-dimethoxyflavan(4),derriflavanone B(5),iso-lupinenol(6)as well as two known ones,lonchocarpol A(7)and lonchocarpol D(8).The structures of these new compounds were determined by analysis of their spectroscopic data.Raw264.7 cells were treated with the compounds from Derris laxiflora Benth for 24 h.Among them,compounds 5,7 and 8 significantly suppressed the NO production in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells with IC50 values<10μg·mL-1.CONCLUSION In this study,we found that compounds from Derris laxiflora Benth suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in murine Raw264.7 cells.

新补骨脂异黄酮对破骨细胞形成及破骨基因表达的作用

目的:探讨新补骨脂异黄酮对破骨细胞形成及破骨相关基因表达的影响。方法:采用CCK-8法检测不同浓度新补骨脂异黄酮对RAW 264.7细胞增殖的影响,并筛选出最佳干预浓度;通过TRAP活性染色和细胞骨架F-actin染色评估新补骨脂异黄酮对破骨细胞形成的影响;通过实时定量PCR技术检测破骨细胞分化相关基因基质金属蛋白酶9、组织蛋白酶K、和原癌基因c-Fos的mRNA表达。结果:在12.5μM及以下的浓度,新补骨脂异黄酮对RAW 264.7细胞无显著毒性;TRAP染色活性染色结果表明,新补骨脂异黄酮可以抑制破骨细胞分化;细胞骨架F-actin染色结果表明,新补骨脂异黄酮减小破骨细胞肌动蛋白纤维环的产生,抑制了破骨分化;新补骨脂异黄酮抑制原癌基因c-Fos(P<0.05),显著抑制基质金属蛋白酶9和组织蛋白酶K(P<0.01)等破骨细胞分化的mRNA的表达。结论:新补骨脂异黄酮能够在体外抑制破骨相关基因的表达,进而抑制破骨细胞的生成。

芦荟大黄素对LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞NO生成及iNOS表达的影响

目的观察芦荟大黄素(aloe-emodin)对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的RAW264.7细胞一氧化氮(NO)生成及诱生型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)mRNA表达的作用。方法采用LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞株建立细胞炎症反应模型。采用Griess试剂法测定NO释放量;采用硝普钠释放NO法测定NO自由基含量的变化;采用反转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)分析iNOS mRNA表达改变。结果芦荟大黄素在0.69～2.50mg·L-1剂量范围内可抑制LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞NO的释放,并呈剂量和时间依赖关系;芦荟大黄素在0.63～5.00mg·L-1剂量范围内可下调LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞iNOS mRNA含量;而此范围内芦荟大黄素无直接清除NO自由基作用,不影响iNOS活性。结论芦荟大黄素可明显降低LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞NO释放,呈时间和剂量依赖关系,此作用并非通过捕捉NO或抑制iNOS活性来实现,而是通过抑制iNOS mRNA表达发挥作用的。

基于响应面法优化牛蒡子多糖提取工艺及对细胞抗炎作用研究

为了确定提取牛蒡子多糖的最佳工艺条件,并探究其抗炎作用。通过响应面法考察不同料液比,提取时间和提取温度对牛蒡子多糖提取率的影响;使用ELISA试剂盒测定不同RAW 264.7细胞处理组肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和白介素-6(IL-6)的水平;经Western blot法检测髓样分化因子88(MyD88)、Toll样受体4(TLR4)和核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)的蛋白表达水平。结果显示牛蒡子多糖最优提取工艺条件为料液比1∶15(g/mL)、提取时间3 h、提取温度80℃,此时提取率为7.19%;牛蒡子多糖组对TNF-α和IL-6的分泌均有抑制作用并通过调控相关通路上的蛋白表达,起到免疫调控作用。该研究可为牛蒡子新药用成分的开发和应用奠定基础。

佛手水煎剂对RAW264.7癌细胞增殖的影响

为了观察佛手水煎剂对RAW 264.7癌细胞增殖的影响,用生药量0.625,1.250,2.500和5.000mg/mL的佛手水煎剂处理RAW 264.7癌细胞,采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法测定细胞活力、台盼蓝排斥法测定细胞存活率、吖啶橙/溴化乙锭(AO/EB)荧光染色法检测细胞凋亡与坏死.结果表明:与对照组比较,0.625,1.250和2.500 mg/mL佛手水煎剂处理后,RAW 264.7癌细胞固缩,细胞核染色质凝聚、片断化,有凋亡小体出现,表现出典型的细胞凋亡特征;5.000 mg/mL佛手水煎剂处理后,RAW 264.7癌细胞肿胀,细胞膜破裂,呈现坏死症状,RAW 264.7癌细胞的增殖明显受到抑制(P<0.01),半数抑制浓度(IC50)为2.073mg/mL.说明佛手水煎剂能诱导癌细胞凋亡,抑制癌细胞增殖.

连翘酯苷对内毒素作用下RAW264.7细胞功能的影响

为探讨连翘酯苷(FS)对内毒素(LPS)作用下RAW264.7细胞增殖、分泌NO和TNF-α、吞噬功能的影响。收集处于对数生长期细胞,用含10%胎牛血清的RPMI1640培养细胞,在培养液中分别加入脂多糖(LPS)以及不同浓度40、80、160μg/mL的FS共培养。采用MTT法检测细胞增殖,Griess和ELISA法分别检测RAW264.7细胞分泌NO和TNF-α量,染色法检测细胞吞噬能力。结果表明:低、中剂量FS可显著促进细胞增殖,而中和高剂量FS可缓解LPS对细胞的刺激作用;与LPS组比较,FS对LPS刺激的RAW264.7细胞分泌NO影响不明显,但中、高剂量FS明显促进RAW264.7细胞分泌;LPS与FS均能提高巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞能力。FS对RAW264.7细胞增殖、分泌NO和TNF-α以及吞噬功能都有影响,结果提示这可能是连翘酯苷调节细胞免疫功能的机制之一。

当归苯酞riligustilide抑制LPS诱导的RAW 264.7细胞炎症反应及机制研究

目的研究当归苯酞二聚体riligustilide(DG2)对脂多糖(lipopolysaccharides, LPS)诱导的RAW 264.7巨噬细胞炎症反应的抑制作用,并探讨其作用机制。方法通过LPS诱导建立RAW 264.7细胞炎症模型,采用噻唑蓝(methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium, MTT)法考察DG2对RAW 264.7细胞存活率的影响,Griess法考察DG2对LPS诱导的RAW 264.7细胞释放炎症介质一氧化氮(nitric oxide, NO)的影响,酶联免疫吸附测定法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)考察DG2对LPS诱导的RAW 264.7细胞分泌炎症因子[肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)]的影响,Western blotting法考察DG2对LPS诱导的RAW 264.7细胞诱导型一氧化氮合酶(inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS)和环氧化酶-2(cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2),以及丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase, MAPK)、核转录因子κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)和信号传导及转录激活蛋白(signal transducer and activator of transcription, STAT)信号通路的影响,免疫荧光法考察DG2对LPS诱导的RAW 264.7细胞STAT3核转位的影响。结果DG2浓度在64μmol/L下对RAW 264.7细胞存活率无影响,DG2能显著降低LPS诱导的RAW 264.7细胞释放NO的水平(P<0.001)[IC_(50)=(26.13±5.75)μmol/L],与阳性对照槲皮素的作用相当[IC_(50)=(26.06±2.28)μmol/L];还能够显著抑制炎症因子IL-6和TNF-α的生成(P<0.01,P<0.001)。DG2能够显著抑制LPS诱导的RAW 264.7细胞iNOS和COX-2蛋白的表达(P<0.01,P<0.001),显著抑制p-STAT3、磷酸化蛋白激酶B(p-AKT)和p-p38的蛋白表达(P<0.05,P<0.01),同时抑制STAT3的核转位。结论DG2可抑制LPS诱导的RAW 264.7细胞炎症反应,其机制可能与下调STAT、NF-κB和MAPK信号通路有关。