砌体填充墙作为非结构构件在建筑结构抗爆分析中常被忽略,而实际爆炸事故中填充墙多发生严重破坏,从而影响爆炸波的传播及其与结构的相互作用以及结构的损伤破坏等级。基于精细化数值仿真方法评估外部爆炸作用下砌体填充墙对钢筋混凝土(...砌体填充墙作为非结构构件在建筑结构抗爆分析中常被忽略,而实际爆炸事故中填充墙多发生严重破坏,从而影响爆炸波的传播及其与结构的相互作用以及结构的损伤破坏等级。基于精细化数值仿真方法评估外部爆炸作用下砌体填充墙对钢筋混凝土(reinforced concrete,RC)框架结构损伤破坏的影响。首先,采用LS-DYNA有限元分析软件分别对典型砌体填充墙和含填充墙RC框架的近区爆炸试验进行复现,验证所采用的填充墙简化微观建模方法、材料本构模型和参数,以及任意拉格朗日欧拉爆炸荷载施加方法和爆炸波-结构流固耦合算法的适用性。进一步结合结构混合单元建模方法,开展了美国联邦应急管理署规定的普通轿车炸弹(454 kg TNT当量)在底层边柱位置爆炸下,6度、7度和8度抗震设防烈度的典型6层纯框架和含填充墙框架结构动力行为的数值仿真分析,考察了爆炸波传播路径,以及结构的动态响应、损伤破坏和抗倒塌机制。结果表明:该工况中填充墙能够有效阻挡爆炸波的传播,作用于目标柱相邻内柱上的超压峰值降低95%,减轻了内部构件的损伤程度;但同时加剧了结构迎爆面的损伤破坏,如3种抗震设防烈度的含填充墙框架目标柱柱中侧向位移较纯框架分别增加21.4%、31.1%和14.8%;不同抗震设防烈度的纯框架和含填充墙框架的顶层目标柱竖向位移基本相同,即抗震设防烈度及砌体填充墙对框架结构整体倒塌行为的影响可以忽略。展开更多
In high seismic zone regions, slender reinforced concrete structural walls are commonly used in high-rise buildings as a main lateral load resisting element. These walls are very effective in limiting the lateral drif...In high seismic zone regions, slender reinforced concrete structural walls are commonly used in high-rise buildings as a main lateral load resisting element. These walls are very effective in limiting the lateral drift of the building due to their large in-plane stiffness. However, the presence of floor slabs influences the behavior of the shear wall. Also, the current design requirements do not account for the presence of floor slabs. To understand the behavior of wall-slab junctions and address the shortcomings of the current design requirements, the influence of two parameters, namely(a) aspect ratio and(b) longitudinal reinforcement ratio on the behavior is studied numerically. It is observed that the presence of floor slabs at different levels tends to partition the wall into squat wall panels between two consecutive floors. The wall-slab junctions show large stress concentrations arising from the strut action in the squat panels. It is also observed that the floor slabs can get significantly damaged near the wall-slab junction for lower vertical reinforcement ratios in the wall. Thus, the current codeprescribed minimum reinforcement in shear walls is not sufficient and needs to be revisited at for improved performance.展开更多
The seismic performance of a self-centering precast reinforced concrete （RC） frame with shear walls was investigated in this paper. The lateral force resistance was provided by self-centering precast RC shear walls ...The seismic performance of a self-centering precast reinforced concrete （RC） frame with shear walls was investigated in this paper. The lateral force resistance was provided by self-centering precast RC shear walls （SPCW）, which utilize a combination ofunbonded prestressed post-tensioned （PT） tendons and mild steel reinforcing bars for flexural resistance across base joints. The structures concentrated deformations at the bottom joints and the unbonded PT tendons provided the self-centering restoring force. A 1/3-scale model of a five-story self-centering RC frame with shear walls was designed and tested on a shake-table under a series of bi-directional earthquake excitations with increasing intensity. The acceleration response, roof displacement, inter-story drifts, residual drifts, shear force ratios, hysteresis curves, and local behaviour of the test specimen were analysed and evaluated. The results demonstrated that seismic performance of the test specimen was satisfactory in the plane of the shear wall; however, the structure sustained inter-story drift levels up to 2.45%. Negligible residual drifts were recorded after all applied earthquake excitations. Based on the shake-table test results, it is feasible to apply and popularize a self-centering precast RC frame with shear walls as a structural system in seismic regions.展开更多
Reinforced concrete(RC) load bearing wall is widely used in high-rise and mid-rise buildings. Due to the number of walls in plan and reduction in lateral force portion, this system is not only stronger against earthqu...Reinforced concrete(RC) load bearing wall is widely used in high-rise and mid-rise buildings. Due to the number of walls in plan and reduction in lateral force portion, this system is not only stronger against earthquakes, but also more economical. The effect of progressive collapse caused by removal of load bearing elements, in various positions in plan and stories of the RC load bearing wall system was evaluated by nonlinear dynamic and static analyses. For this purpose, three-dimensional model of 10-story structure was selected. The analysis results indicated stability, strength and stiffness of the RC load-bearing wall system against progressive collapse. It was observed that the most critical condition for removal of load bearing walls was the instantaneous removal of the surrounding walls located at the corners of the building where the sections of the load bearing elements were changed. In this case, the maximum vertical displacement was limited to 6.3 mm and the structure failed after applying the load of 10 times the axial load bored by removed elements. Comparison between the results of the nonlinear dynamic and static analyses demonstrated that the "load factor" parameter was a reasonable criterion to evaluate the progressive collapse potential of the structure.展开更多
An original reinforced concrete(RC) column and four strengthened specimens, two with RC jackets and two with wing walls, were tested in this study. The original column specimen was designed to comply with older(pre-19...An original reinforced concrete(RC) column and four strengthened specimens, two with RC jackets and two with wing walls, were tested in this study. The original column specimen was designed to comply with older(pre-1999) design standards so that the usual detailing defi ciencies in existing school buildings in Taiwan could be simulated. Two different structural details were chosen to fabricate the full-scale specimens for each retrofi tting technique. The study confi rmed that either RC jacketing or the installation of wing walls with two different structural details can effectively improve the stiffness and strength of an existing column. RC jacketing shows a better improvement in energy dissipation and ductility when compared to the columns with wing walls installed. This is because the two RC jacketed columns experienced a fl exural failure, while a shear failure was found in the two columns with the wing walls installed, and thus led to a drastic decrease of the maximum lateral strengths and ductility. Since many factors may affect the installation of a post-installed anchor, it is better to use standard hooks to replace post-installed anchors in some specifi c points when using RC jacketing or installing wing walls.展开更多
A macro-model of a reinforced concrete (RC) shear wall is developed for static inelastic analysis.The model is composed of RC column elements and RC membrane elements.The column elements are used to model the boundary...A macro-model of a reinforced concrete (RC) shear wall is developed for static inelastic analysis.The model is composed of RC column elements and RC membrane elements.The column elements are used to model the boundary zone and the membrane elements are used to model the wall panel.Various types of constitutive relationships of concrete could be adopted for the two kinds of elements.To perform analysis,the wall is divided into layers along its height.Two adjacent layers are connected with a rigid beam.There are only three unknown displacement components for each layer.A method called single degree of freedom compensation is adopted to solve the peak value of the capacity curve.The post-peak stage analysis is performed using a forced iteration approach.The macro-model developed in the study and the complete process analysis methodology are verified by the experimental and static inelastic analytical results of four RC shear wall specimens.展开更多
文摘砌体填充墙作为非结构构件在建筑结构抗爆分析中常被忽略,而实际爆炸事故中填充墙多发生严重破坏,从而影响爆炸波的传播及其与结构的相互作用以及结构的损伤破坏等级。基于精细化数值仿真方法评估外部爆炸作用下砌体填充墙对钢筋混凝土(reinforced concrete,RC)框架结构损伤破坏的影响。首先,采用LS-DYNA有限元分析软件分别对典型砌体填充墙和含填充墙RC框架的近区爆炸试验进行复现,验证所采用的填充墙简化微观建模方法、材料本构模型和参数,以及任意拉格朗日欧拉爆炸荷载施加方法和爆炸波-结构流固耦合算法的适用性。进一步结合结构混合单元建模方法,开展了美国联邦应急管理署规定的普通轿车炸弹(454 kg TNT当量)在底层边柱位置爆炸下,6度、7度和8度抗震设防烈度的典型6层纯框架和含填充墙框架结构动力行为的数值仿真分析,考察了爆炸波传播路径,以及结构的动态响应、损伤破坏和抗倒塌机制。结果表明:该工况中填充墙能够有效阻挡爆炸波的传播,作用于目标柱相邻内柱上的超压峰值降低95%,减轻了内部构件的损伤程度;但同时加剧了结构迎爆面的损伤破坏,如3种抗震设防烈度的含填充墙框架目标柱柱中侧向位移较纯框架分别增加21.4%、31.1%和14.8%;不同抗震设防烈度的纯框架和含填充墙框架的顶层目标柱竖向位移基本相同,即抗震设防烈度及砌体填充墙对框架结构整体倒塌行为的影响可以忽略。
文摘In high seismic zone regions, slender reinforced concrete structural walls are commonly used in high-rise buildings as a main lateral load resisting element. These walls are very effective in limiting the lateral drift of the building due to their large in-plane stiffness. However, the presence of floor slabs influences the behavior of the shear wall. Also, the current design requirements do not account for the presence of floor slabs. To understand the behavior of wall-slab junctions and address the shortcomings of the current design requirements, the influence of two parameters, namely(a) aspect ratio and(b) longitudinal reinforcement ratio on the behavior is studied numerically. It is observed that the presence of floor slabs at different levels tends to partition the wall into squat wall panels between two consecutive floors. The wall-slab junctions show large stress concentrations arising from the strut action in the squat panels. It is also observed that the floor slabs can get significantly damaged near the wall-slab junction for lower vertical reinforcement ratios in the wall. Thus, the current codeprescribed minimum reinforcement in shear walls is not sufficient and needs to be revisited at for improved performance.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant Nos.51638012 and 51578401
文摘The seismic performance of a self-centering precast reinforced concrete （RC） frame with shear walls was investigated in this paper. The lateral force resistance was provided by self-centering precast RC shear walls （SPCW）, which utilize a combination ofunbonded prestressed post-tensioned （PT） tendons and mild steel reinforcing bars for flexural resistance across base joints. The structures concentrated deformations at the bottom joints and the unbonded PT tendons provided the self-centering restoring force. A 1/3-scale model of a five-story self-centering RC frame with shear walls was designed and tested on a shake-table under a series of bi-directional earthquake excitations with increasing intensity. The acceleration response, roof displacement, inter-story drifts, residual drifts, shear force ratios, hysteresis curves, and local behaviour of the test specimen were analysed and evaluated. The results demonstrated that seismic performance of the test specimen was satisfactory in the plane of the shear wall; however, the structure sustained inter-story drift levels up to 2.45%. Negligible residual drifts were recorded after all applied earthquake excitations. Based on the shake-table test results, it is feasible to apply and popularize a self-centering precast RC frame with shear walls as a structural system in seismic regions.
文摘Reinforced concrete(RC) load bearing wall is widely used in high-rise and mid-rise buildings. Due to the number of walls in plan and reduction in lateral force portion, this system is not only stronger against earthquakes, but also more economical. The effect of progressive collapse caused by removal of load bearing elements, in various positions in plan and stories of the RC load bearing wall system was evaluated by nonlinear dynamic and static analyses. For this purpose, three-dimensional model of 10-story structure was selected. The analysis results indicated stability, strength and stiffness of the RC load-bearing wall system against progressive collapse. It was observed that the most critical condition for removal of load bearing walls was the instantaneous removal of the surrounding walls located at the corners of the building where the sections of the load bearing elements were changed. In this case, the maximum vertical displacement was limited to 6.3 mm and the structure failed after applying the load of 10 times the axial load bored by removed elements. Comparison between the results of the nonlinear dynamic and static analyses demonstrated that the "load factor" parameter was a reasonable criterion to evaluate the progressive collapse potential of the structure.
基金the fi nancial support for this study from the Architecture and Building Research Institute,Chinese Taipei,under Grant No.099301070000G1005
文摘An original reinforced concrete(RC) column and four strengthened specimens, two with RC jackets and two with wing walls, were tested in this study. The original column specimen was designed to comply with older(pre-1999) design standards so that the usual detailing defi ciencies in existing school buildings in Taiwan could be simulated. Two different structural details were chosen to fabricate the full-scale specimens for each retrofi tting technique. The study confi rmed that either RC jacketing or the installation of wing walls with two different structural details can effectively improve the stiffness and strength of an existing column. RC jacketing shows a better improvement in energy dissipation and ductility when compared to the columns with wing walls installed. This is because the two RC jacketed columns experienced a fl exural failure, while a shear failure was found in the two columns with the wing walls installed, and thus led to a drastic decrease of the maximum lateral strengths and ductility. Since many factors may affect the installation of a post-installed anchor, it is better to use standard hooks to replace post-installed anchors in some specifi c points when using RC jacketing or installing wing walls.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant number 59895410
文摘A macro-model of a reinforced concrete (RC) shear wall is developed for static inelastic analysis.The model is composed of RC column elements and RC membrane elements.The column elements are used to model the boundary zone and the membrane elements are used to model the wall panel.Various types of constitutive relationships of concrete could be adopted for the two kinds of elements.To perform analysis,the wall is divided into layers along its height.Two adjacent layers are connected with a rigid beam.There are only three unknown displacement components for each layer.A method called single degree of freedom compensation is adopted to solve the peak value of the capacity curve.The post-peak stage analysis is performed using a forced iteration approach.The macro-model developed in the study and the complete process analysis methodology are verified by the experimental and static inelastic analytical results of four RC shear wall specimens.
