Effects of kidney-tonifying and blood circulation-promoting recipes and platelet-rich plasma on the activity and expression of type I collagen

Objective:To observe the effects of kidney-tonifying and blood circulation-promoting recipes and platelet-rich plasma(PRP)on the activity and expression of type I collagen in co-culture system.Methods:The subcutaneous adipose tissue and degenerative nucleus pulposus tissue of patients with nucleus pulposus removal under lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration were isolated and cultured by multiple enzyme digestion methods to establish a co-culture system of ADSCs/NPCs.Patients with lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration were enrolled for 2 weeks.The venous blood was taken 50mL before the first dose and one hour after the last dose.Platelet-rich plasma was prepared by secondary centrifugation and cultured with different plasma.The experiment was divided into five groups:platelet-rich plasma group(PRP),platelet-poor plasma group(PPP),drug-rich platelet-rich plasma group(M-PRP)and drug-poor platelet plasma group(M-PPP),fetal bovine serum group(FBS).The morphological changes of the cells in each group were observed under an inverted microscope.The changes of type I collagen activity were detected by immunofluorescence assay.The expression of CCOL1A1 gene was detected by RT-PCR two weeks after the intervention.Results:In this study,the results of kidney-tonifying and blood circulation-promoting recipes and PRP group intervention were shown.The results of the group intervention showed that the M-PRP group and the PRP group had clearer cell contours and better refractive index than the other groups,and there was no significant difference between the two groups.The results of immunofluorescence staining showed that the number of cells in PRP group and M-PRP group was higher,but the staining intensity of single cells was significantly lower than that in FBS group.RT-PCR results showed that the expression of COL1A1 mRNA in PPP group,PRP group,M-PRP group and M-PPP group was significantly down-regulated(P<0.05),respectively:0.343±0.040,0.294±0.018,0.310±0.022,0.430±0.020.Conclusions:Kidney-tonifying and blood circulation-promoting recipes combined with platelet-rich plasma can decrease the activity and exhibit a tendency to inhibit the expression of type I collagen.

Effects of Kidney-tonifying and Blood Circulation-promoting Recipes and PRP on the Activity and Expression of Type I Collagen

Objective:To observe the effects of kidney-tonifying and blood circulation-promoting recipes and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the activity and expression of type I collagen in co-culture system.Methods:The subcutaneous adipose tissue and degenerative nucleus pulposus tissue of patients with nucleus pulposus removal under lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration were isolated and cultured by multiple enzyme digestion methods to establish a co-culture system of ADSCs/NPCs. Patients with lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration were enrolled for 2 weeks.The venous blood was taken 50mL before the first dose and one hour after the last dose. Platelet-rich plasma was prepared by secondary centrifugation and cultured with different plasma. The experiment was divided into five groups: platelet-rich plasma group (PRP), platelet-poor plasma group (PPP), drug-rich platelet-rich plasma group (M-PRP) and drug-poor platelet plasma group (M-PPP), fetal bovine serum group (FBS). The morphological changes of the cells in each group were observed under an inverted microscope. The changes of type I collagen activity were detected by immunofluorescence assay. The expression of CCOL1A1 gene was detected by RT-PCR two weeks after the intervention.Results:In this study, the results of kidney-tonifying and blood circulation-promoting recipes and PRP group intervention were shown. The results of the group intervention showed that the M-PRP group and the PRP group had clearer cell contours and better refractive index than the other groups, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. The results of immunofluorescence staining showed that the number of cells in PRP group and M-PRP group was higher, but the staining intensity of single cells was significantly lower than that in FBS group. RT-PCR results showed that the expression of COL1A1 mRNA in PPP group, PRP group, M-PRP group and M-PPP group was significantly down-regulated (P<0.05), respectively: 0.343±0.040, 0.294±0.018, 0.310±0.022, 0.430±0.020.Conclusion:Kidney-tonifying and blood circulation-promoting recipes combined with platelet-rich plasma can decrease the activity and exhibit a tendency to inhibit the expression of type I collagen.

Analysis on Nutritious Balance in Recipes Based on Diversity Indices and Cluster Analysis of Food Ingredients

This thesis research on nutritious balance of specific examples in Chinese recipes applying diversity indices and cluster analysis. Initially, based on data of the nutritional ingredients of food, such as proteins, fat and vitamins, we categorize 1200 kinds of specific food using cluster analysis;then, according to a recipe given by a local restaurant, we calculate and compare the diversity indices based on the components of 25 single dishes in the recipe and analyze the nutritious balance of each dish.

Analysis of Chinese Recipes - from Perspective of Systemic Functional Grammar

The paper intends to explore the language futures of Chinese recipes from the perspective of Systemic Functional Grammar. Different from previous research made by others, it is written to explore the relationship between the writer and the putative readers. The Mood structure, Modality, the Theme choices, cohesive devices,and transitivity are presented systematically. The embodiment of the functions of the main elements from Systemic Functional Grammar is presented. The major objectives are to discover the Systemic Functional characteristics and help enthusiasts write Chinese recipes in English explicitly. The study finds that to keep the texts concise and easy to follow, Chinese recipes are written with few mood structure. The research finds that Halliday doesn't count conjunction word or as a way of showing possibilities in category of Modality. Yet it is supposed to be put into this category as well.

Wild Edible Plants Used by the Tribes of Panvel and Uran Tahsils in Alibaugh District,India:Ethnobotanical Application and Tribal Recipes

The“Indus-Vedic”cultural heritage of India is well-known.Wild edible plants,sometimes known as weeds,are widely consumed in India’s varied areas.Wild edible plants and weeds are essential for tribes’survival,both as a source of food and as a source of money,such as timber.This study aims to identify wild vegetables collected for ethnomedical purposes and their recipes by the local people,as well as determine the local uses and names of these plants,with the goal of closing the gap in traditional knowledge regarding the utility of wild plant species and tapping the hidden potential resources for proper utilization,exploitation,and nutritive evaluation.A field research study was conducted two years 2020-2021.34 wild vegetable plant specimens were collected during this time.The names of the plants found in the area,as well as the parts that were used and how they were prepared,were examined and recorded.This type of extensive survey technique could assist aspiring scientists in learning about the health advantages of wild food plants and weeds,which can subsequently be combined to generate successful crop plants.Such a system will benefit in the mitigation of food shortages,the regeneration of infertile lands,and the enhancement of rural economies.

Effect of Soothing Gan(Liver) and Invigorating Pi(Spleen) Recipes on TLR4-p38 MAPK Pathway in Kupffer Cells of Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis Rats

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of inflammatory-mediated toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p38 MAPK) pathway in Kupffer cells(KCs) of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) rats and the intervention effect of soothing Gan(Liver) and invigorating Pi(Spleen) recipes on this pathway. Methods: After 1 week of acclimatization, 120 Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 8 groups using a random number table(n=15 per group): normal group, model group, low-dose Chaihu Shugan Powder(柴胡疏肝散, CHSG) group(3.2 g/kg), high-dose CHSG group(9.6 g/kg), low-dose Shenling Baizhu Powder(参苓白术散, SLBZ) group(10 g/kg), high-dose SLBZ(30 g/kg) group, and low-and highdose integrated recipe(L-IR, H-IR) groups. All rats in the model and treatment groups were fed with a high-fat diet(HFD). The treatments were administrated by gastrogavage once daily and lasted for 26 weeks. The liver tissues were detected with hematoxylin-eosin(HE) and oil red O staining. Levels of liver lipids, serum lipids and transaminases were measured. KCs were isolated from the livers of rats to evaluate the mRNA expressions of TLR4 and p38 MAPK by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and proteins expressions of TLR4, p-p38 MAPK and p38 MAPK by Western blot. Levels of inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α), interleukin(IL)-1 and IL-6 in KCs were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: After 26 weeks of HFD feeding, HE and oil red O staining showed that the NASH model rats successfully reproduced typical pathogenesis and histopathological features. Compared with the normal group, the model group exhibited significant increases in body weight, liver weight, liver index, serum levels of total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and aspartate aminotransferase as well as TC and TG levels in liver tissues, and significant decrease in serum level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(P<0.05 or P<0.01), while those indices were significantly ameliorated in the H-IR group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Higher levels of TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 in KCs were observed in the model group compared with the normal group(P<0.01). Significant decreases in TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 were observed in the H-SLBZ, H-IR and L-IR groups compared with the model group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). The m RNA expressions of TLR4 and p38 MAPK and protein expressions of TLR4, p38 MAPK and p-p38 MAPK in KCs in the model group were significantly higher than the normal group(P<0.01), while those expression levels in the L-IR and H-IR groups were significantly lower than the model group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusions: Inflammation in KCs might play an important role in the pathogenesis of NASH in rats. The data demonstrated the importance of TLR4-p38 MAPK signaling pathway in KCs for the anti-inflammatory effect of soothing Gan and invigorating Pi recipes.

Exploring the therapeutic potential of Qi Teng Mai Ning recipe in ischemic stroke and vascular cognitive impairment

Background:This study aims to explore the therapeutic effects of the Qi Teng Mai Ning recipe on ischemic stroke and vascular cognitive impairment through its potential to modulate cellular autophagy,with a focus on identifying its active ingredients and their target proteins.Methods:The study began with the identification of active ingredients in the Qi Teng Mai Ning recipe.It proceeded to screen the gene expression omnibus database for ischemic stroke and vascular cognitive impairment-associated differentially expressed mRNAs and to identify cellular autophagy-related proteins via the Human Autophagy Database.These proteins were annotated with Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes functions and subjected to molecular docking with the recipe’s core active ingredients.In vitro cell experiments were conducted on hypoxic HT22 cells,involving CCK8 assay,lentiviral transfection to silence autophagy related 9B(ATG9B),immunofluorescence staining,and qPCR validation to investigate the effects of the recipe on autophagy.Results:The analysis identified 104 active ingredients targeting 408 proteins and forming a complex ingredient-target network.Intersecting 55 ischemic stroke-related and 909 vascular cognitive impairment-related differentially expressed mRNAs revealed 14 co-expressed mRNAs.Molecular docking showed quercetin,kaempferol,myrcene,and conferone as key ingredients targeting autophagy-related proteins.Cellular experiments indicated that the recipe significantly enhanced cell viability under hypoxic conditions,reduced apoptosis,and modulated the expression of autophagy-related factors,thereby decreasing apoptosis rates in HT22 cells.Conclusion:The Qi Teng Mai Ning recipe offers protective effects against ischemic stroke and vascular cognitive impairment by modulating autophagy-related proteins.Its efficacy highlights the potential of traditional Chinese medicine in treating these conditions,though further research is needed to fully understand its mechanisms and clinical applications.

Exploring the effect of Bushen Bitong recipe-containing serum on IL-1β-induced chondrocyte apoptosis based on SOX9/NF-κB/MMP-13 signaling pathway

Objective:To observe the effect and possible mechanism of action of Bushen Bitong recipe(BSBT)containing serum on IL-1β-induced chondrocyte apoptosis.Methods:Generation 3 rat chondrocytes were randomized into Control,IL-1β,IL-1β+BSBT(L),IL-1β+BSBT(M),and IL-1β+BSBT(H)groups(5%,10%and 15%BSBT-containing serum),and then 24h after intervention respectively,the cell proliferation and Apoptosis rate;Western blot detected the expression levels of Bcl-2,BAX,Caspase-3,SOX9,NF-κB p65,MMP-13 proteins in chondrocytes.ELISA detected the levels of TNF-α,IL-6,and bFGF in the supernatants of chondrocyte culture.Results:Compared with Control group,cell proliferation activity decreased,apoptosis rate increased,NF-κB p65,MMP-13 protein level and TNF-α,IL-6 level increased,and SOX9 protein level and bFGF level decreased in IL-1βgroup;compared with IL-1βgroup,different concentrations of BSBT-containing serum group,cell proliferation activity increased,and apoptosis rate decreased.NF-κB p65,MMP-13 protein level and TNF-α,IL-6 level decreased,SOX9 protein level and bFGF level increased;compared with IL-1β+BSBT(L)group,cell proliferation activity increased,apoptosis rate decreased in IL-1β+BSBT(M)and IL-1β+BSBT(H)groups,and NF-κB p65,MMP-13 protein level and TNF-αlevel decreased.13 protein levels and TNF-αand IL-6 levels decreased,and SOX9 protein levels and bFGF levels increased.Conclusion:BSBT-containing serum may promote IL-1β-induced proliferation of chondrocytes,reduce apoptosis,improve the microenvironment of chondrocytes,and promote cartilage repair through the SOX9/NF-κB/MMP-13 signaling pathway.

Therapeutic Effect of Intragastric Administration of Jiangtang Shuxin Recipe Suspension on Diabetic Heart Failure in Rats and Its Mechanism

[Objectives]To observe the therapeutic effect of intragastric administration of Jiangtang Shuxin recipe on diabetic heart failure(DHF)in rats and to explore its mechanism.[Methods]Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into five groups,with 10 rats in each group.DHF models were prepared in the low-dose group,high-dose group,Western medicine group,and model group except the control group.Rats in the low-dose and high-dose groups were given 1.0 and 1.5 g/(kg·d)Jiangtang Shuxin recipe suspension by gavage,respectively.Rats in the Western medicine group were given gliquidone and benazepril by gavage for 2 months,and were fed with high-fat diet.Rats in the control group were fed with ordinary diet.Fasting blood glucose(FBG),serum triglyceride(TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),C-reactive protein(CRP),interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK-MB),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),pathological morphology of myocardial tissue,NF-κB p65 protein and IκBαprotein were compared among groups.[Results]Compared with the control group,the levels of FBG,serum TG,LDL-C,CRP,IL-6,TNF-α,CK-MB and LDH increased,while the level of serum HDL-C decreased.The myocardial tissue was seriously damaged,and the expression of NF-κB p65 protein increased,while the expression of IκBαprotein decreased in the other four gruops(all P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the levels of FBG,serum TG,LDL-C,CRP,IL-6,TNF-α,CK-MB and LDH decreased,while the serum HDL-C level increased.The myocardial tissue damage was alleviated,and the expression of NF-κB p65 protein decreased,while the expression of IκBαprotein increased in the low-dose group,high-dose group and Western medicine group(all P<0.05).Compared with the Western medicine group,the levels of FBG,serum TG,LDL-C,CRP,IL-6,TNF-α,CK-MB and LDH decreased,and the level of serum HDL-C increased in the high-dose group(all P<0.05).[Conclusions]Jiangtang Shuxin recipe has a therapeutic effect on DHF in rats,with the best effect in the high-dose group.It can not only alleviate high glucose and high fat state,but also reduce myocardial injury and inflammation,and improve the pathological morphology of myocardial cells.The mechanism may be related to its inhibition of NF-кB signaling pathway.

Healing,Entertaining,and Accumulating Merit:The Circulation of Medical Recipes from the Late Ming through the Qing

This article examines the circulation of medical recipes through vernacular literature and personal networks from the late Ming through the Qing.During this period,vernacular texts played a leading role in circulating practical instructions for everyday healing techniques,especially in the form of recipes.Recipes became a versatile textual form for recording and transmitting experience in quotidian practice.They moved among different genres of texts,providing information about healing,offering advice for entertainment,and delivering moral lessons.Literati sociability as well as philanthropic and religious comm Aments motivated people of varied social means to distribute vernacular texts bearing healing information to a broad audience.Recipes acquired legitimacy and authority by clearly marking their provenance and thus its relationship to particular social networks and,sometimes,a religious purpose as well.

Wenjing Zhitong recipe exhibits potential anti-primary dysmenorrhea properties by inhibiting COX2 and PKC signaling pathway in rats induced by estradiol benzoate and oxytocin

Objective:To explore the effect and mechanism of action of the Wenjing Zhitong recipe(WZR)in primary dysmenorrhea(PD)treatment.Methods:Uterine contractions were induced by estradiol benzoate and oxytocin in a PD model and WZR was administrated.The rate of change in uterine contractility and the writhing test were used to evaluate the effects of WZR.The serum levels of prostaglandin F_(2a)(PGF_(2a))and prostaglandin E_2(PGE_2),and the activity of cyclooxygenase-2(COX2)were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The changes in phosphor-phospholipase C(pPLC/PLC),phosphor-protein kinase C(pPKC/PKC),and connexin 43(CX43)expression were detected using immunohistochemistry and western blot.Results:WZR significantly reduced the rate of change in uterine contractility and writhing times in the PD model.WZR treatment inhibited the enzymatic activity of COX2 and reduced the levels of PGF_(2a),PGF_(2a)/PGE2and COX2 in the PD model.WZR also significantly reduced the expression of pPLC/PLC,pPKC/PKC and CX43.Targeting the inhibition of COX2 activity,caffeic acid and 1-acetyl-β-carboline were validated as the active ingredients in WZR responsible for reducing uterine contractions.Conclusion:WZR attenuated PD by inhibiting COX2 activity,downregulating PGF_(2a)/PGE_2 expression,and inhibiting the PKC signaling pathway.

The effect of Wujiadan Recipe on the role of PLC-β/IP3/CaM signaling pathway of hypothalamus in ovariectomized rats

Objective:To investigate the effect of Wujiadan Recipe on PLC-β1,IP3,IP3R,Cam,PLC-β1,IP3R1 mRNA and GnRH,Cam protein from hypothalamus tissue of ovariectomized female rats,and to further clarify whether Wujiadan Recipe plays a role through PLC-β/IP3/CaM signal pathway.Methods:We randomly divided 64 SD adult female rats into NG group(normal group),MG group(the model group),TMC group(the control group with traditional Chinese medicine),WMC group(the control group with western medicine)with 10 rats in each,and Wujiadan Recipe high(WH),Wujiadan Recipe medium(WM)and Wujiadan Recipe low dose group(WL)with 8 rats in each.Except the NG group,we removed the ovarian tissues of other six groups to establish the ovariectomized model.When the model is successfully replicated,we give the medicine to the rats in each group once a day.The TMC and WMC group were given the corresponding dose of Gengnian'an tablet suspension and Bujiale suspension by gavage respectively.The NG and MG group were given equal measure of normal saline.After 4 weeks,the rats were killed.We use ELISA to detecte the levels of PLC-β1,IP3,IP3R and Cam;and we use PCR to detecte the mRNA expression levels of PLC-βand IP3R1;and use WesternBlot to detecte the protein expression levels of Cam and GnRH in rat hypothalamus tissue.Results:The test results of PLC-β1,IP3,IP3R and Cam in the hypothalamus homogenate of the model group were significantly increased than the NG group(P<0.01).The results of PLC-β1 and IP3R1 and GnRHmRNA were significantly increased(P<0.01),and the expressions of GnRH and Cam protein were higher than NG(P<0.01).Wujiadan Recipe could reduce the results of PLC-β1,IP3,IP3R and Cam in hypothalamus of ovariectomized rats,and reduce the expression of PLC-β1 and IP3R1 and GnRH mRNA.Conclusion:Wujiadan Recipe down-regulates GnRH expression,which may be caused by acting on PLC-β1,IP3,IP3R,CaM in hypothalamus of ovariectomized rats,so as to coordinate the function of reproductive axis and improve the reproductive endocrine level of patients with menopausal syndrome.

Effect of Huoxue Yiqi recipe on proliferation,migration and tube formation of miR-484 overexpressed umbilical vein endothelial cells

Objective:To explore the possible mechanism of Huoxue Yiqi recipe promoting angiogenesis by targeting VEGF with miR-484.Methods:The model of miR-484 overexpressed in HUVEC was prepared and intervened with Huoxue Yiqi Recipe Freeze-dried powder.The effects of Huoxue Yiqi Recipe on proliferation,migration and tubular forming ability of HUVEC were separatly detected by CCK-8 method,cell scratch test and Matrigel three-dimensional forming test in vitro.The effect of Huoxue Yiqi Recipe on VEGFA mRNA expression was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Results:Compared with the control group,the proliferation and migration area of cells in miR-484 overexpression model group decreased,the length,number of branches and nodes involved in tube formation decreased,the tube formation ability decreased significantly,and the expression level of VEGFA mRNA decreased,with statistical significance.Compared with the model group,the cell proliferation ability,migration area,length,number of branches and nodes involved in tube formation,tube formation ability and expression level of VEGFA mRNA in the Huoxue Yiqi Prescription group were up-regulated,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:MiR-484 inhibits the expression of VEGFA and the proliferation,migration and formation of HUVEC,and Huoxue Yiqi recipe has a certain negative regulation effect on this process,which may be a new target of Huoxue Yiqi recipe to promote angiogenesis.

Safety evaluation of an anti-haemorrhoid(pile)herbal recipe(locally called‘Agbo jedi-jedi’)of Southwestern Nigeria using animal genetic assays

Objective:In this study,an anti-haemorrhoid herbal recipe containing bark of Alstonia boonei and dried cloves–Syzygium aromaticum was investigated for cytogenotoxicity,mutagenicity and histopathological effects following the micronucleus and sperm morphology assays using Wistar albino rats.Methods:The rats were administered anti-haemorrhoid herbal recipe at 25.0%,50.0%and 100.0%,while distilled water and 0.05%sodium azide were the negative and positive controls,respectively.Phytochemicals in the herbal recipe were elucidated using the Fourier Transform Infrared(FTIR)and Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detection(GC-FID)techniques.Results:In the treated rats,there was increase in body weight,cells division inhibition,micronucleated polychromatic/normochromatic erythrocytes(MNPCEs&MNNCEs)and abnormal sperm cells were significantly induced at 100.0%(P<0.05),whereas 25.0%herbal recipe promoted cell division.The herbal recipe at 50.0%and 100.0%did not cause any histopathological damages on the liver,kidney and testis except at 25.0%.Polyphenolics,terpenoids and alkaloids were detected in this anti-haemorrhoid herbal recipe which could be cytotoxic,clastogenic and spermatotoxic at a high concentration(100.0%).Conclusion:These results necessitate regulation and control of consumption of the anti-haemorrhoid herbal recipe by people through the authorized government agencies in Nigeria.

Effects of Fuhe decoction on behaviors and monoamine neurotransmitters in different brain regions of CUMS combined with social isolation depression model rats

Objective:To investigate the effect of Fuhe decoction on the behavior and levels of monoamine neurotransmitters in different brain regions in a depression rat model induced by chronic unpredictable mild stimulation(CUMS)combined with social isolation.Methods:Fifty male SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group,model group,fluoxetine group,Chaiqinwendan decoction group,and Fuhe decoction group.Chronic unpredictable mild stimulation combined with a social isolation method was used to replicate the depression rat model.After 42 days of administration,a tail suspension test and high-performance liquid electrochemical detection(HPLC-ECD)were used to detect the behavioral changes and changes in the content of monoamine neurotransmitters norepinephrine(NE),dopamine(DA),5-hydroxytrytamine(5-HT),and metabolites in different brain regions of rats in each group before and after treatment.Results:Compared with the model group,the epinephrine(E)content in the Fuhe decoction group was highly significantly increased(P<.01).Compared with the model group,the 5-HT content of the prefrontal cortex in rats in the Fuhe decoction group was highly significantly increased(P<.01).Furthermore,compared with the model group,the 5-HT content in the hippocampus of rats in the Fuhe decoction group was significantly increased(P<.05).Conclusion:Fuhe decoction can improve the depression-like behaviors of model rats,and its antidepressant effect may be related to the increase in 5-HT content in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of rats.

Consumption of African Indigenous Vegetables Improves Children’s body Fat Free Mass in Machakos County, Kenya

School gardens growing African Indigenous Leafy Vegetables(AILVs)(Amaranthus cruentus and Vigna unguiculata)were established in Kangundo and Kilalani primary schools in Machakos County,Kenya and children aged 6-10 years(Kangundo,N=66,Kilalani,N=46)that met the inclusion criteria participated as study subjects.There were two phases,I(13 weeks)and II(12 weeks)with 4 weeks in between to enable crossover of the school as either experimental or control.AILVs were grown in gardens of the experimental school.Study subjects in the experimental group were fed on the AILVs recipe with an accompaniment of a mixture of cooked maize and beans once a day,5 days a week per phase.The control group fed only on the accompaniment.Body Mass Index(BMI)was determined and a prescribed dose of deuterium oxide was administered and deuterium enrichment determined by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry for%Fat Free Mass(FFM)in children’s saliva at baseline and endline.Serum Zn and Fe levels were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy at baseline and endline.Endline analysis in both phase Ⅰ and Ⅱ showed the%FFM,mean serum Fe and Zn were significantly higher(p<0.001)only for the experimental group.Food-based intervention through vegetable garden establishments has potential to eradicate malnutrition among school-going children in Kenya.Further,finding by previous studies that DDIM is more accurate in determining nutrition intervention outcomes in children than BMI is supported.

绝热层制备工艺的环境影响分析

聚氨酯泡沫绝热层被广泛应用在建筑、家电、汽车和航天等领域,绝热层制备工艺对环境有着重要的影响,因此评价绝热层制备工艺的环境影响有着十分重要的意义。本文采用生命周期评价(Life cycle assessment,LCA)中的ReCiPe方法对绝热层制备工艺的环境影响进行了评价。结果表明,绝热层制备工艺对海洋生态毒性的环境影响最大,其次是人类毒性、淡水生态毒性、淡水富营养化和化石耗竭;油漆、电能、聚氨酯组合剂以及聚脲组合剂是对环境影响贡献较大的清单物质,且环境影响结果对油漆和电能的变化最为敏感;喷漆过程、聚氨酯喷涂过程和聚脲喷涂过程环境影响显著,占比超过了总环境影响的70%。降低绝热层制备工艺环境影响的关键因素有:在设计阶段考虑聚氨酯废料的回收,避免聚氨酯和聚脲材料的浪费,选用较为清洁的粉末型漆料,或者提高电能利用率、提高清洁能源的比例。

河北省种植业水污染足迹初报

为进一步评估种植业化肥投入引发水污染对应的环境影响,本文利用水足迹理论结合统计数据,采用Recipe生命周期影响评价法对河北省1995—2014年11个地级市的种植业水污染足迹进行研究。结果表明,2014年河北省农作物单位面积施N量和施P量分别比1995年提高了36.3%、52.5%,1995—2014年间秦皇岛的农作物单位面积年均施N量最高(335.4 kg·hm-2),邯郸的农作物单位面积年均施P量最高(119.1 kg·hm-2);比较1995、2004、2014三年各地市的施肥总量,石家庄农作物N肥施用总量三年均列首位,沧州N肥施用总量增幅最大;邯郸农作物P肥施用总量三年均列首位,承德P肥施用总量增幅最大;近20年石家庄的农作物单位面积水污染足迹(wdf)均值最高(2.350 Ml·H2Oe·hm-2),其次是秦皇岛和邯郸,张家口最低,但秦皇岛的wdf年际增长最显著;比较各地市在1995、2004和2014年种植业区域水污染足迹(WDF),各地市的WDF在三年里均呈增加趋势,其中石家庄的WDF三年均值最高,在1995、2004、2014年均处Ⅰ级区,邯郸的WDF均值位于其次,并在2004、2014年升入Ⅰ级区,且2014年邯郸的WDF超过石家庄居全省首位,秦皇岛的WDF增长比例最大,2014年的WDF比1995年增长了77.4%,而石家庄2014年WDF比1995年增长26.7%,在所有地市中其增长比例最小。本研究为河北省分类指导各地市的农业水资源优化及可持续利用提供依据。

我国磷肥生产施用的全生命周期环境影响分析——以磷酸二铵为例

研究了太湖地区、湖北省地区、洱海地区优化和常规施肥情境下磷酸二铵全生命周期对环境的潜在影响。运用ReCiPe方法分析了气候变化、化石能源耗竭、淡水富营养化、人体毒性、颗粒物形成、光化学氧化和陆地酸化7种潜在环境影响。结果表明:磷酸二铵生产阶段占三地区化石能源耗竭潜势的83.9%—95.8%;运输阶段占三地区光化学氧化潜势的21.5%—66.4%;农户施用阶段对气候变化、淡水富营养化、人体毒性、颗粒物形成和陆地酸化贡献较大,分别占三地区相应影响类别的62.5%—63.4%、93.0%—97.3%、84.3%—84.8%、84.5%—89.8%和82.8%—95.0%。此外,优化施肥对气候变化、淡水富营养化、颗粒物形成和陆地酸化4种环境影响类别均有不同程度降低。因此,应减少磷酸二铵生产过程中的能源消耗,同时鼓励农户采用优化施肥方式。

一种新型的基于OCR技术的半导体生产自动化解决方案

提出了一种基于OCR技术的半导体封装测试生产自动化解决方案。通过二值化、字符分割、特征提取、模板匹配等方法获取机台设备屏幕参数,实现了Recipe的上传和下载、参数获取、设备状态实时监控、远程发送操作指令等。通过企业的实际应用表明,该方案在一定程度上提高了半导体封装测试的自动化生产水平。