The regime of disturbance with natural or anthropogenic origin can lead to the destabilization or even to a mass mortality of benthic communities. Due to the heterogeneity of the disturbance there is a formation of pa...The regime of disturbance with natural or anthropogenic origin can lead to the destabilization or even to a mass mortality of benthic communities. Due to the heterogeneity of the disturbance there is a formation of patches in different stages of ecological succession. The aim of this study is to follow and describe the resilience in artificial disturbed sediment in a polluted bay in Rio de Janeiro. The sediment was collected, sterilized and placed inside corers (10 cmdiameter ×15 cmheight) in the same place where it was collected. We allocated the samples in two structures, the difference between them was that one was placed closed to the bottom and the other was placed50 cmheight. We found 2352 organisms distributed in 14 taxons. The class Polychaeta and the order Amphipoda showed the highest density in all the survey and treatments. We identified the factors influencing the scenarium: different mechanisms of dispersal, the position of the structures and life history of each group. Disturbance can be the main cause of the patch’s diversity found in estuaries and coastal areas. Because of this, monitoring of selected areas becomes an important tool to understand the regime of disturbance as a key factor structuring benthic communities in soft sediment, also suggesting a metapopulation dynamics.展开更多
Volcanism is a primary process of land formation.It provides a model for understanding soil-forming processes and the role of pioneer bacteria and/or archaea as early colonizers in those new environments.The objective...Volcanism is a primary process of land formation.It provides a model for understanding soil-forming processes and the role of pioneer bacteria and/or archaea as early colonizers in those new environments.The objective of this study was to identify the microbial communities involved in soil formation.DNA was extracted from soil samples from the Llaima volcano in Chile at sites destroyed by lava in different centuries(1640,1751,and 1957).Bacterial and archaeal 16 S r RNA genes were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR)and Illumina Mi Seq sequencing.Results showed that microbial diversity increased with soil age,particularly between the 1751 and 1640 soils.For archaeal communities,Thaumarchaeota was detected in similar abundances in all soils,but Euryarchaeota was rare in the older soils.The analysis of bacterial 16 S r RNA genes showed high abundances of Chloroflexi(37%),Planctomycetes(18%),and Verrucomicrobia(10%)in the youngest soil.Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria were highly abundant in the older soils(16%in 1640 and 15%in 1751 for Acidobacteria;38%in 1640 and 27%in 1751 for Proteobacteria).The microbial profiles in the youngest soils were unusual,with a high abundance of bacteria belonging to the order Ktedonobacterales(Chloroflexi)in the 1957 soil(37%)compared with the 1751(18%)and 1640(7%)soils.In this study,we show that there is a gradual establishment of the microbial community in volcanic soils following an eruption and that specific microbial groups can colonize during the early stages of recovery.展开更多
文摘The regime of disturbance with natural or anthropogenic origin can lead to the destabilization or even to a mass mortality of benthic communities. Due to the heterogeneity of the disturbance there is a formation of patches in different stages of ecological succession. The aim of this study is to follow and describe the resilience in artificial disturbed sediment in a polluted bay in Rio de Janeiro. The sediment was collected, sterilized and placed inside corers (10 cmdiameter ×15 cmheight) in the same place where it was collected. We allocated the samples in two structures, the difference between them was that one was placed closed to the bottom and the other was placed50 cmheight. We found 2352 organisms distributed in 14 taxons. The class Polychaeta and the order Amphipoda showed the highest density in all the survey and treatments. We identified the factors influencing the scenarium: different mechanisms of dispersal, the position of the structures and life history of each group. Disturbance can be the main cause of the patch’s diversity found in estuaries and coastal areas. Because of this, monitoring of selected areas becomes an important tool to understand the regime of disturbance as a key factor structuring benthic communities in soft sediment, also suggesting a metapopulation dynamics.
文摘Volcanism is a primary process of land formation.It provides a model for understanding soil-forming processes and the role of pioneer bacteria and/or archaea as early colonizers in those new environments.The objective of this study was to identify the microbial communities involved in soil formation.DNA was extracted from soil samples from the Llaima volcano in Chile at sites destroyed by lava in different centuries(1640,1751,and 1957).Bacterial and archaeal 16 S r RNA genes were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR)and Illumina Mi Seq sequencing.Results showed that microbial diversity increased with soil age,particularly between the 1751 and 1640 soils.For archaeal communities,Thaumarchaeota was detected in similar abundances in all soils,but Euryarchaeota was rare in the older soils.The analysis of bacterial 16 S r RNA genes showed high abundances of Chloroflexi(37%),Planctomycetes(18%),and Verrucomicrobia(10%)in the youngest soil.Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria were highly abundant in the older soils(16%in 1640 and 15%in 1751 for Acidobacteria;38%in 1640 and 27%in 1751 for Proteobacteria).The microbial profiles in the youngest soils were unusual,with a high abundance of bacteria belonging to the order Ktedonobacterales(Chloroflexi)in the 1957 soil(37%)compared with the 1751(18%)and 1640(7%)soils.In this study,we show that there is a gradual establishment of the microbial community in volcanic soils following an eruption and that specific microbial groups can colonize during the early stages of recovery.
