通过对白云鄂博REE-Nb-Fe矿床的航磁及航放成果的分析,结合矿床地质特征进行综合对比研究,发现该矿床具有独特且典型的航磁、航放特征,航磁异常特征显示矿区为强度较高的近东西向条带状正负伴生磁异常特征,是具有较强磁性的矿体与弱磁...通过对白云鄂博REE-Nb-Fe矿床的航磁及航放成果的分析,结合矿床地质特征进行综合对比研究,发现该矿床具有独特且典型的航磁、航放特征,航磁异常特征显示矿区为强度较高的近东西向条带状正负伴生磁异常特征,是具有较强磁性的矿体与弱磁性围岩反映;航磁ΔTmax为5000 n T以上,航磁ΔTmin为-2000 n T,有30余条测线上具有明显正负磁异常发育,呈现多期次异常叠加特征,属于不同期次、不同强度磁性体的反映,说明该矿床经历过多期次构造热事件的叠加、改造活动。该矿床向下延深的规模随深度的变化有逐渐缩小的趋势,当航磁ΔT等值线向上延拓3000 m时,依然表现为较明显的正磁异常特征,这说明该矿床在深部依然存在较明显的矿化现象。另外白云鄂博矿区航放特征具有醒目的总计数率、钾、铀、钍高值晕,它们总体上呈近东西向带状展布。矿区处于航放总计数率高值区,一般为3000-15381 cps,局部为团块状,高值区范围大于矿区范围;钾含量为2.0%-2.8%的偏高值,矿床及附近局部为2.8%-12%的高值;钍含量为26×10^-6-223×10^-6。钍高值晕范围较赋矿的加里东中期第二次侵入的碳酸岩出露的范围要大;铀含量一般为大于1.6×10^-6的偏高值,矿床及附近局部为2.8×10^-6-9.1×10^-6的高值。经综合分析,充分证明该区的航磁、航放特征与矿床信息对应性较强。在今后寻找类似矿床的过程中,可以将航磁正负伴生磁异常信息作为寻找铁多金属矿的有利信息,将放射性核素钾、钍、铀等高值信息做为寻找稀土矿有利信息,对找矿工作具有十分重要的指导意义。展开更多
Bayan Obo ore deposit is the largest rare-earth element（REE） resource,and the second largest niobium（Nb） resource in the world.Due to the complicated element/mineral compositions and involving several geological e...Bayan Obo ore deposit is the largest rare-earth element（REE） resource,and the second largest niobium（Nb） resource in the world.Due to the complicated element/mineral compositions and involving several geological events,the REE enrichment mechanism and genesis of this giant deposit still remains intense debated.The deposit is hosted in the massive dolomite,and nearly one hundred carbonatite dykes occur in the vicinity of the deposit.The carbonatite dykes can be divided into three types from early to late：dolomite,co-existing dolomite-calcite and calcite type,corresponding to different evolutionary stages of carbonatite magmatism based on the REE and trace element data.The latter always has higher REE content.The origin of the ore-hosting dolomite at Bayan Obo has been addressed in various models,ranging from a normal sedimentary carbonate rocks to volcano-sedimentary sequence,and a large carbonatitic intrusion.More geochemical evidences show that the coarse-grained dolomite represents a Mesoproterozoic carbonatite pluton and the fine-grained dolomite resulted from the extensive REE mineralization and modification of the coarse-grained variety.The ore bodies,distributed along an E-W striking belt,occur as large lenses and underwent more intense fluoritization and fenitization.The first episode mineralization is characterized by disseminated mineralization in the dolomite.The second or main-episode is banded and/or massive mineralization,cut by the third episode consisting of aegirinerich veins.Various dating methods gave different mineralization ages at Bayan Obo,resulting in long and hot debates.Compilation of available data suggests that the mineralization is rather variable with two peaks at～1400 and 440 Ma.The early mineralization peak closes in time to the intrusion of the carbonatite dykes.A significant thermal event at ca.440 Ma resulted in the formation of late-stage veins with coarse crystals of REE minerals.Fluids involving in the REE-Nb-Fe mineralization at Bayan Obo might be REE-F-C02-NaCI-H20 system.The presence of REE-carbonates as an abundant solid in the ores shows that the original ore-forming fluids are very rich in REE,and therefore,have the potential to produce economic REE ores at Bayan Obo.the Bayan Obo deposit is a product of mantle-derived carbonatitic magmatism at ca.1400 Ma,which was likely related to the breakup of Columbia.Some remobilization of REE occurred due to subduction of the Palaeo-Asian oceanic plate during the Silurian,forming weak vein-like mineralization.展开更多
The Wiborg rapakivi batholith (1.64 Ga) in southeastern Finland with documented occurrences of REE, indium and Zn-Cu-Pb sulphide mineralization was studied. Hydrothermal greisen and quartz vein type Fe-Sn and Zn-Cu-Pb...The Wiborg rapakivi batholith (1.64 Ga) in southeastern Finland with documented occurrences of REE, indium and Zn-Cu-Pb sulphide mineralization was studied. Hydrothermal greisen and quartz vein type Fe-Sn and Zn-Cu-Pb are found in the Kymi granite stock as intrusions. They are enriched with indium and rare earth elements, with roquesite (CuInS2) being a major indium- carrier, whereas monazite (Ce), allanite (Ce), bastnäesite (Ce), xenotime-(Y) and thorite are the main REE carriers. Combination of optical and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) were used to study the indium and REE-bearing mineral assemblages. EPMA of roquesite found in galena had a composition of 26.16% S, 0.02% Fe, 25.06% Cu, 0.03% Zn, 1.06% As, 0.31% Sb and 47.14% In. Substitution reaction Pb2+S2-Cu+In3+S2- is the cause of the incorporation of indium in the galena structure. The majority of the LREE are carried by monazite, bastnäesite and allanite, and the HREE by xenotime and zircon. There is a partial solid solution between monazite and xenotime with minor or trace amounts of LREE in xenotime grains (6.0 wt%). LREE (>95 mol% LREE) and less than 5 mol% HREE + Y reflects the enrichment of chondrite-normalized REE of the monazite grains of the Kymi granite stock. The xenotime grains (small and irregular) main composition contains 71 - 76 mol% YPO4, 16 - 27 mol% HREE, and 6 - 8 mol% LREE. It is believed that indium and REE-mineralization presence is due to the combination of magmatic and postmagmatic processes, particularly at later stages by fluid fractionation.展开更多
The Neoproterozoic Riviera W-REE-Mo deposit is one of the largest unmined tungsten resources in the world and is associated with pervasively altered A-type granites of the Neoproterozoic Cape Granite Suite Western Cap...The Neoproterozoic Riviera W-REE-Mo deposit is one of the largest unmined tungsten resources in the world and is associated with pervasively altered A-type granites of the Neoproterozoic Cape Granite Suite Western Cape, South Africa. The present study investigated the mineral chemistry of scheelite, the principal ore mineral with the aim to record the variation of solid solution molybdenum for geometallurgical purposes and also as an indicator of changing redox conditions of the mineralizing hydrothermal fluids. Methodology included UV-fluorescence studies and micro-analyses by LA-ICP-MS. Results have shown that at least four phases of scheelite are hosted by the endoskarn zone, potassic alteration zone and various quartz-carbonate veins. This reflects hydrothermal fluid evolution from early stage reduced to late stage, vein associated and more oxidized. The molybdenum content of the dominant early phase scheelite is low and renders the deposit amenable to low penalty mineral recovery.展开更多
The virial expansion, in statistical mechanics, makes use of the sums of the Mayer weight of all 2-connected graphs on n vertices. We study the Second Mayer weight ωM(c) and the Ree-Hoover weight ωRH(c) of a 2-conne...The virial expansion, in statistical mechanics, makes use of the sums of the Mayer weight of all 2-connected graphs on n vertices. We study the Second Mayer weight ωM(c) and the Ree-Hoover weight ωRH(c) of a 2-connected graph c which arise from the hard-core continuum gas in one dimension. These weights are computed using signed volumes of convex polytopes naturally associated with the graph c. In the present work, we use the method of graph homomorphisms, to give new formulas of Mayer and Ree-Hoover weights for special infinite families of 2-connected graphs.展开更多
We study graph weights which naturally occur in Mayer’s theory and Ree-Hoover’s theory for the virial expansion in the context of an imperfect gas. We pay particular attention to the Mayer weight and Ree-Hoover weig...We study graph weights which naturally occur in Mayer’s theory and Ree-Hoover’s theory for the virial expansion in the context of an imperfect gas. We pay particular attention to the Mayer weight and Ree-Hoover weight of a 2-connected graph in the case of the hard-core continuum gas in one dimension. These weights are calculated from signed volumes of convex polytopes associated with the graph. In the present paper, we use the method of graph homomorphisms, to develop other explicit formulas of Mayer weights and Ree-Hoover weights for infinite families of 2-connected graphs.展开更多
Altered granite occurrences (GII and GV) at Gabal (G.) Gattar are the most important mineralized rocks hosting U-mineralization in Egypt. This mineralized granite is affected by multi-stage hydrothermal alteration pro...Altered granite occurrences (GII and GV) at Gabal (G.) Gattar are the most important mineralized rocks hosting U-mineralization in Egypt. This mineralized granite is affected by multi-stage hydrothermal alteration proc-esses along brittle structures. This alteration comprises pre-ore alkali-metasomatism and ore-stage hydrothermal hematitization, silicification, kaolinitization, fluoritization, carbonatization and episyenitization. Autoradiographic examination indicates that primary uranium mineralization is present as massive or disseminated ores along tectonic fractures, interstitially in granular minerals, and as cements of breccias. Uraninite, pitchblende and coffinite are the main primary minerals, while uranophane and kasolite are the secondary ones. Galena, chalcopyrite, pyrrohtite and pyrite are the most abundant sulphides in association with uranium mineralizations. Hydrothermal alterations at the GII occurrence exhibit an increase in Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Mo, Nb, Rb beside HREEs and a decrease in Ba, Co, Sr, and V, while alterations at the GV occurrence show enrichment in Ni, Cu, Pb, Mo, Nb, Y, HREEs and depletion in Zn, Ba, Co, Rb, Sr, and V. Hydrothermal alteration during the late magmatic stage is also identified through the development of unusual REE patterns and fractionation of ratios like Zr/Hf and Y/Ho out of the CHARAC (Charge Radius Con-trolled) range. Non-chondritic Y/Ho ratio at GV is of larger value than chondritic one which may result from wa-ter-rock interaction or print from the encompassing sedimentary rocks. Fluid inclusion studies on quartz and fluorite revealed that temperatures of the mineralizing fluids range between 126 and 240℃ at pressure ≤0.5×108 Pa and give salinity values ranging between 1 wt% and 7.8 wt% NaCl equivalent.展开更多
REE-fluorocarbonates as major REE minerals in the Bayan Obo deposit, the largestREE deposit in the world, were analyzed for their stable isotopic compositions. The δ13C andδ18O values of huanghoite, cebaite and bast...REE-fluorocarbonates as major REE minerals in the Bayan Obo deposit, the largestREE deposit in the world, were analyzed for their stable isotopic compositions. The δ13C andδ18O values of huanghoite, cebaite and bastnaesite from late-stage veins vary in the ranges of -7. 8 - - 4. 0‰ and 6. 7 - 9. 4‰ respectively. These data are relatively similar tO those ofbastnaesites from banded ores: δ13C - 5. 6 - - 5. 2‰ and δ18O 3. 6 - 5. 5‰ The REEfluorocarbonates from both late-stage veins and banded ores are characterized by lower δ13C andδ18O values, especially the δ18O values of bastnaesites from banded ores. Compared with them,the disseminated bastnaesits the dolomite-type ores possess rather high δ13C and δ18O values, i.e., - 2. 1 - - O. 4‰ and 8. 6 - 12. 9‰ respectively. The high values are typical of thesedimentary host dolomite rocks as well as of the dolomite-type ores. The carbon and oxygenisotopic characteristics of REE fluorocarbonate minerals provide new evidence for the hypothesison the origin of Bayan Obo deposit-epigenetic hydrothermal metasomatism.展开更多
四川盆地震旦系灯影组是重要的油气勘探开发层系,复杂的成岩演化和多期流体活动导致多种类型的白云岩形成。揭示震旦系白云岩的形成时代和成因不仅可以为四川盆地震旦系下一步的油气勘探提供更加充实的科学依据,也可为理解全球大规模存...四川盆地震旦系灯影组是重要的油气勘探开发层系,复杂的成岩演化和多期流体活动导致多种类型的白云岩形成。揭示震旦系白云岩的形成时代和成因不仅可以为四川盆地震旦系下一步的油气勘探提供更加充实的科学依据,也可为理解全球大规模存在前寒武纪白云岩的原因提供有益启示。本文针对川中地区震旦系灯影组“葡萄花边”白云岩的形成时代和成因进行了综合研究。岩相学研究表明,“葡萄花边”白云岩充填于藻白云岩的孔隙内,向内对称生长,结晶程度明显好于藻白云岩。在岩相学的基础上,利用激光剥蚀-电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)微区原位U-Pb定年确定其形成时代,研究结果表明:川中地区震旦系灯影组“葡萄花边”白云岩形成时代为530±12Ma~502±12Ma,略新于灯影组地层年代。结合微量元素分析以及碳-氧-锶同位素数据,对川中地区震旦系灯影组“葡萄花边”白云岩进行成因分析。结果表明,其稀土元素总量(∑REE)相对较低(0.680×10^(-6)~8.963×10^(-6)),δ13 C VPDB(-0.1‰~1.7‰)略低于与同时期海水沉积白云岩的碳同位素值,δ18 O VPDB(-2.3‰~1.4‰)略高于与同时期海水达到氧同位素平衡的白云岩氧同位素值,87 Sr/86 Sr值(0.70876~0.70909)基本落入同时期海水范围。稀土元素配分总体为水平的模式,所有样品表现出Ce负异常。表明其形成环境既非海水沉积环境,也不完全是表生大气水岩溶条件。综合上述特征,推断川中地区震旦系灯影组“葡萄花边”白云岩是在震旦纪末-寒武纪早期海平面高频低幅度波动这一背景下,灯影组地层多次暴露与淹没,形成岩溶裂缝和孔洞的同时在溶蚀空间内结晶形成。残留孔洞为其后流体活动、油气充注提供了储集空间。本研究为认识川中地区震旦系灯影组“葡萄花边”白云岩成因、震旦纪末-寒武纪早期水化学条件、及超深层油气勘探开发提供了有益参考。展开更多
文摘通过对白云鄂博REE-Nb-Fe矿床的航磁及航放成果的分析,结合矿床地质特征进行综合对比研究,发现该矿床具有独特且典型的航磁、航放特征,航磁异常特征显示矿区为强度较高的近东西向条带状正负伴生磁异常特征,是具有较强磁性的矿体与弱磁性围岩反映;航磁ΔTmax为5000 n T以上,航磁ΔTmin为-2000 n T,有30余条测线上具有明显正负磁异常发育,呈现多期次异常叠加特征,属于不同期次、不同强度磁性体的反映,说明该矿床经历过多期次构造热事件的叠加、改造活动。该矿床向下延深的规模随深度的变化有逐渐缩小的趋势,当航磁ΔT等值线向上延拓3000 m时,依然表现为较明显的正磁异常特征,这说明该矿床在深部依然存在较明显的矿化现象。另外白云鄂博矿区航放特征具有醒目的总计数率、钾、铀、钍高值晕,它们总体上呈近东西向带状展布。矿区处于航放总计数率高值区,一般为3000-15381 cps,局部为团块状,高值区范围大于矿区范围;钾含量为2.0%-2.8%的偏高值,矿床及附近局部为2.8%-12%的高值;钍含量为26×10^-6-223×10^-6。钍高值晕范围较赋矿的加里东中期第二次侵入的碳酸岩出露的范围要大;铀含量一般为大于1.6×10^-6的偏高值,矿床及附近局部为2.8×10^-6-9.1×10^-6的高值。经综合分析,充分证明该区的航磁、航放特征与矿床信息对应性较强。在今后寻找类似矿床的过程中,可以将航磁正负伴生磁异常信息作为寻找铁多金属矿的有利信息,将放射性核素钾、钍、铀等高值信息做为寻找稀土矿有利信息,对找矿工作具有十分重要的指导意义。
基金financed by Major State Basic Research Development Program(No.2012CB416605)Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41372099)
文摘Bayan Obo ore deposit is the largest rare-earth element（REE） resource,and the second largest niobium（Nb） resource in the world.Due to the complicated element/mineral compositions and involving several geological events,the REE enrichment mechanism and genesis of this giant deposit still remains intense debated.The deposit is hosted in the massive dolomite,and nearly one hundred carbonatite dykes occur in the vicinity of the deposit.The carbonatite dykes can be divided into three types from early to late：dolomite,co-existing dolomite-calcite and calcite type,corresponding to different evolutionary stages of carbonatite magmatism based on the REE and trace element data.The latter always has higher REE content.The origin of the ore-hosting dolomite at Bayan Obo has been addressed in various models,ranging from a normal sedimentary carbonate rocks to volcano-sedimentary sequence,and a large carbonatitic intrusion.More geochemical evidences show that the coarse-grained dolomite represents a Mesoproterozoic carbonatite pluton and the fine-grained dolomite resulted from the extensive REE mineralization and modification of the coarse-grained variety.The ore bodies,distributed along an E-W striking belt,occur as large lenses and underwent more intense fluoritization and fenitization.The first episode mineralization is characterized by disseminated mineralization in the dolomite.The second or main-episode is banded and/or massive mineralization,cut by the third episode consisting of aegirinerich veins.Various dating methods gave different mineralization ages at Bayan Obo,resulting in long and hot debates.Compilation of available data suggests that the mineralization is rather variable with two peaks at～1400 and 440 Ma.The early mineralization peak closes in time to the intrusion of the carbonatite dykes.A significant thermal event at ca.440 Ma resulted in the formation of late-stage veins with coarse crystals of REE minerals.Fluids involving in the REE-Nb-Fe mineralization at Bayan Obo might be REE-F-C02-NaCI-H20 system.The presence of REE-carbonates as an abundant solid in the ores shows that the original ore-forming fluids are very rich in REE,and therefore,have the potential to produce economic REE ores at Bayan Obo.the Bayan Obo deposit is a product of mantle-derived carbonatitic magmatism at ca.1400 Ma,which was likely related to the breakup of Columbia.Some remobilization of REE occurred due to subduction of the Palaeo-Asian oceanic plate during the Silurian,forming weak vein-like mineralization.
文摘The Wiborg rapakivi batholith (1.64 Ga) in southeastern Finland with documented occurrences of REE, indium and Zn-Cu-Pb sulphide mineralization was studied. Hydrothermal greisen and quartz vein type Fe-Sn and Zn-Cu-Pb are found in the Kymi granite stock as intrusions. They are enriched with indium and rare earth elements, with roquesite (CuInS2) being a major indium- carrier, whereas monazite (Ce), allanite (Ce), bastnäesite (Ce), xenotime-(Y) and thorite are the main REE carriers. Combination of optical and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) were used to study the indium and REE-bearing mineral assemblages. EPMA of roquesite found in galena had a composition of 26.16% S, 0.02% Fe, 25.06% Cu, 0.03% Zn, 1.06% As, 0.31% Sb and 47.14% In. Substitution reaction Pb2+S2-Cu+In3+S2- is the cause of the incorporation of indium in the galena structure. The majority of the LREE are carried by monazite, bastnäesite and allanite, and the HREE by xenotime and zircon. There is a partial solid solution between monazite and xenotime with minor or trace amounts of LREE in xenotime grains (6.0 wt%). LREE (>95 mol% LREE) and less than 5 mol% HREE + Y reflects the enrichment of chondrite-normalized REE of the monazite grains of the Kymi granite stock. The xenotime grains (small and irregular) main composition contains 71 - 76 mol% YPO4, 16 - 27 mol% HREE, and 6 - 8 mol% LREE. It is believed that indium and REE-mineralization presence is due to the combination of magmatic and postmagmatic processes, particularly at later stages by fluid fractionation.
文摘The Neoproterozoic Riviera W-REE-Mo deposit is one of the largest unmined tungsten resources in the world and is associated with pervasively altered A-type granites of the Neoproterozoic Cape Granite Suite Western Cape, South Africa. The present study investigated the mineral chemistry of scheelite, the principal ore mineral with the aim to record the variation of solid solution molybdenum for geometallurgical purposes and also as an indicator of changing redox conditions of the mineralizing hydrothermal fluids. Methodology included UV-fluorescence studies and micro-analyses by LA-ICP-MS. Results have shown that at least four phases of scheelite are hosted by the endoskarn zone, potassic alteration zone and various quartz-carbonate veins. This reflects hydrothermal fluid evolution from early stage reduced to late stage, vein associated and more oxidized. The molybdenum content of the dominant early phase scheelite is low and renders the deposit amenable to low penalty mineral recovery.
文摘The virial expansion, in statistical mechanics, makes use of the sums of the Mayer weight of all 2-connected graphs on n vertices. We study the Second Mayer weight ωM(c) and the Ree-Hoover weight ωRH(c) of a 2-connected graph c which arise from the hard-core continuum gas in one dimension. These weights are computed using signed volumes of convex polytopes naturally associated with the graph c. In the present work, we use the method of graph homomorphisms, to give new formulas of Mayer and Ree-Hoover weights for special infinite families of 2-connected graphs.
文摘We study graph weights which naturally occur in Mayer’s theory and Ree-Hoover’s theory for the virial expansion in the context of an imperfect gas. We pay particular attention to the Mayer weight and Ree-Hoover weight of a 2-connected graph in the case of the hard-core continuum gas in one dimension. These weights are calculated from signed volumes of convex polytopes associated with the graph. In the present paper, we use the method of graph homomorphisms, to develop other explicit formulas of Mayer weights and Ree-Hoover weights for infinite families of 2-connected graphs.
文摘Altered granite occurrences (GII and GV) at Gabal (G.) Gattar are the most important mineralized rocks hosting U-mineralization in Egypt. This mineralized granite is affected by multi-stage hydrothermal alteration proc-esses along brittle structures. This alteration comprises pre-ore alkali-metasomatism and ore-stage hydrothermal hematitization, silicification, kaolinitization, fluoritization, carbonatization and episyenitization. Autoradiographic examination indicates that primary uranium mineralization is present as massive or disseminated ores along tectonic fractures, interstitially in granular minerals, and as cements of breccias. Uraninite, pitchblende and coffinite are the main primary minerals, while uranophane and kasolite are the secondary ones. Galena, chalcopyrite, pyrrohtite and pyrite are the most abundant sulphides in association with uranium mineralizations. Hydrothermal alterations at the GII occurrence exhibit an increase in Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Mo, Nb, Rb beside HREEs and a decrease in Ba, Co, Sr, and V, while alterations at the GV occurrence show enrichment in Ni, Cu, Pb, Mo, Nb, Y, HREEs and depletion in Zn, Ba, Co, Rb, Sr, and V. Hydrothermal alteration during the late magmatic stage is also identified through the development of unusual REE patterns and fractionation of ratios like Zr/Hf and Y/Ho out of the CHARAC (Charge Radius Con-trolled) range. Non-chondritic Y/Ho ratio at GV is of larger value than chondritic one which may result from wa-ter-rock interaction or print from the encompassing sedimentary rocks. Fluid inclusion studies on quartz and fluorite revealed that temperatures of the mineralizing fluids range between 126 and 240℃ at pressure ≤0.5×108 Pa and give salinity values ranging between 1 wt% and 7.8 wt% NaCl equivalent.
文摘REE-fluorocarbonates as major REE minerals in the Bayan Obo deposit, the largestREE deposit in the world, were analyzed for their stable isotopic compositions. The δ13C andδ18O values of huanghoite, cebaite and bastnaesite from late-stage veins vary in the ranges of -7. 8 - - 4. 0‰ and 6. 7 - 9. 4‰ respectively. These data are relatively similar tO those ofbastnaesites from banded ores: δ13C - 5. 6 - - 5. 2‰ and δ18O 3. 6 - 5. 5‰ The REEfluorocarbonates from both late-stage veins and banded ores are characterized by lower δ13C andδ18O values, especially the δ18O values of bastnaesites from banded ores. Compared with them,the disseminated bastnaesits the dolomite-type ores possess rather high δ13C and δ18O values, i.e., - 2. 1 - - O. 4‰ and 8. 6 - 12. 9‰ respectively. The high values are typical of thesedimentary host dolomite rocks as well as of the dolomite-type ores. The carbon and oxygenisotopic characteristics of REE fluorocarbonate minerals provide new evidence for the hypothesison the origin of Bayan Obo deposit-epigenetic hydrothermal metasomatism.
文摘四川盆地震旦系灯影组是重要的油气勘探开发层系,复杂的成岩演化和多期流体活动导致多种类型的白云岩形成。揭示震旦系白云岩的形成时代和成因不仅可以为四川盆地震旦系下一步的油气勘探提供更加充实的科学依据,也可为理解全球大规模存在前寒武纪白云岩的原因提供有益启示。本文针对川中地区震旦系灯影组“葡萄花边”白云岩的形成时代和成因进行了综合研究。岩相学研究表明,“葡萄花边”白云岩充填于藻白云岩的孔隙内,向内对称生长,结晶程度明显好于藻白云岩。在岩相学的基础上,利用激光剥蚀-电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)微区原位U-Pb定年确定其形成时代,研究结果表明:川中地区震旦系灯影组“葡萄花边”白云岩形成时代为530±12Ma~502±12Ma,略新于灯影组地层年代。结合微量元素分析以及碳-氧-锶同位素数据,对川中地区震旦系灯影组“葡萄花边”白云岩进行成因分析。结果表明,其稀土元素总量(∑REE)相对较低(0.680×10^(-6)~8.963×10^(-6)),δ13 C VPDB(-0.1‰~1.7‰)略低于与同时期海水沉积白云岩的碳同位素值,δ18 O VPDB(-2.3‰~1.4‰)略高于与同时期海水达到氧同位素平衡的白云岩氧同位素值,87 Sr/86 Sr值(0.70876~0.70909)基本落入同时期海水范围。稀土元素配分总体为水平的模式,所有样品表现出Ce负异常。表明其形成环境既非海水沉积环境,也不完全是表生大气水岩溶条件。综合上述特征,推断川中地区震旦系灯影组“葡萄花边”白云岩是在震旦纪末-寒武纪早期海平面高频低幅度波动这一背景下,灯影组地层多次暴露与淹没,形成岩溶裂缝和孔洞的同时在溶蚀空间内结晶形成。残留孔洞为其后流体活动、油气充注提供了储集空间。本研究为认识川中地区震旦系灯影组“葡萄花边”白云岩成因、震旦纪末-寒武纪早期水化学条件、及超深层油气勘探开发提供了有益参考。
