Developing institutional repositories network:Taking IR Grid at Chinese Academy of Sciences as an example

This paper introduces the current practice of building a network of institutional repositories(IRs) at Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), which is named CAS IR Grid.National Science Library(NSL) of CAS plays a leading role in the construction, promotion and implementation of CAS IR Grid. It aims to promote each institute of CAS to build IR of its own, and finally form the IR network of CAS institutes. NSL's experience is introduced in coordinating and supporting institutes' building of their respective IRs and promoting IR services by adopting collaborative and progressive development strategies. Achievements made during the development of CAS IR Grid are described and challenges for its future development are discussed. The authors aim to provide best practices for developing a network of institutional repositories in research institute settings, which can serve as a practical reference to other institutions engaged in the similar task.

Rank-Me: A Java Tool for Ranking Team Members in Software Bug Repositories

In this paper a team member ranking technique is presented for software bug repositories. Member ranking is performed using numbers of attributes available in software bug repositories, and a ranked list of developers is generated who are participating in development of software project. This ranking is generated from the contribution made by the individual developers in terms of bugs fixed, severity and priority of bugs, reporting newer problems and comments made by the developers. The top ranked developers are the best contributors for the software projects. The proposed algorithm can also be used for classifying and rating the software bugs using the ratings of members participating in the software bug repository.

Pollution of Airborne Fungi in Naturally Ventilated Repositories of the Provincial Historical Archive of Santiago de Cuba (Cuba)

Environmental fungi can damage the documentary heritage conserved in archives and affect the personnel’s health if their concentrations,thermo-hygrometric parameters and ventilation conditions are not adequate,problems that can be accentuated by Climate Change.The aims of this work were to identify and to characterize the airborne fungal pollution of naturally ventilated repositories in the Provincial Historical Archive of Santiago de Cuba and predict the risk that these fungi pose to the staff’s health.Indoor air of three repositories of this archive and the outdoor air were sampled in an occasion every time in 2015,2016 and 2017 using a SAS sampler.The obtained fungal concentrations varied from 135.6 CFU/m^(3) to 421.1 CFU/m^(3) and the indoor/outdoor ratios fluctuated from 0.7 to 4.2,evidencing a variable environmental quality over time,but in the third sampling the repositories environments showed good quality.Aspergillus and Cladosporium were the predominant genera in these environments.A.flavus was a prevailed species in indoor air,while A.niger and Cl.cladosporioides were the species that showed the greatest similarities with the outdoor air.Coremiella and Talaromyces genera as well as the species Aspergillus uvarum,Alternaria ricini and Cladosporium staurophorum were the first findings for environments of Cuban archives.Xerophilic species(A.flavus,A.niger,A.ochraceus,A.ustus)indicators of moisture problems in the repositories were detected;they are also opportunistic pathogens and toxigenic species but their concentrations were higher than the recommended,demonstrating the potential risk to which the archive personnel is exposed in a circumstantial way.

Academic institutional repositories in China:A survey of CALIS member libraries

Purpose: China Academic Library & Information System(CALIS) planned to launch an institutional repository(IR) project to promote IR development and open access at colleges and universities in China. In order to get to know the current state of IRs in academic institutions, with the help of Peking University Library, CALIS Administrative Center conducted this survey.Design/methodology/approach: We conducted an online survey of CALIS member libraries.Findings: Firstly, the development of IRs at China's colleges and universities is still in its infancy. Secondly, the Chinese colleges and universities have reached a consensus on the objective for having an IR. Thirdly, they are having high expectations of IR functions. Fourthly,they prefer to establish a centralized IR system at a minimum cost. Finally, there are both similarities and differences between the Chinese academic institutions and their counterparts in other countries in the state of IR development.Research limitations: The questionnaire needs to be improved because there is a lack of enough questions for those who do not plan to build an IR. Comparatively lower rate of valid questionnaire return can affect the accuracy of the results. It is hard to go into an in-depth discussion only based on the data collected from this questionnaire survey, and consequently,the findings from the survey can hardly present an accurate and comprehensive picture of the current state of IR development in the academic sector in China.Practical implications: The survey results provide essential foundation for CALIS IR project,and meanwhile the research can serve as a reference source for the future studies of the development of IRs at China's colleges and universities.Originality/value: It is the first national survey focused on the development of IRs in academic institutions in China.

DarcyTools:A Computer Code for Hydrogeological Analysis of Nuclear Waste Repositories in Fractured Rock

A computer code for simulation of groundwater flow and transport is described. Both porous and fractured media are handled by the code. The main intended application is the analysis of a deep repository for nuclear waste and for this reason flow and transport in a sparsely fractured rock is in focus. The mathematical and numerical models are described in some detail. In short, one may say that the code is based on the traditional conservation and state laws, but also embodies a number of submodels (subgrid processes, permafrost, etc). An unstructured Cartesian grid and a finite volume approach are the key elements in the discretization of the basic equations. A multigrid solver is part of the code as well as a parallelization option based on the SPMD (Single-Program Multiple-Data) method. The main application areas are summarized and an application to a deep repository is discussed in some more detail.

FAIREST:A Framework for Assessing Research Repositories

The open science movement has gained significant momentum within the last few years.This comes along with the need to store and share research artefacts,such as publications and research data.For this purpose,research repositories need to be established.A variety of solutions exist for implementing such repositories,covering diverse features,ranging from custom depositing workflows to social media-like functions.In this article,we introduce the FAIREST principles,a framework inspired by the well-known FAIR principles,but designed to provide a set of metrics for assessing and selecting solutions for creating digital repositories for research artefacts.The goal is to support decision makers in choosing such a solution when planning for a repository,especially at an institutional level.The metrics included are therefore based on two pillars:(1)an analysis of established features and functionalities,drawn from existing dedicated,general purpose and commonly used solutions,and(2)a literature review on general requirements for digital repositories for research artefacts and related systems.We further describe an assessment of 11 widespread solutions,with the goal to provide an overview of the current landscape of research data repository solutions,identifying gaps and research challenges to be addressed.

Multiscale modeling of gas-induced fracturing in anisotropic clayey rocks

In the context of repositories for nuclear waste,understanding the behavior of gas migration through clayey rocks with inherent anisotropy is crucial for assessing the safety of geological disposal facilities.The primary mechanism for gas breakthrough is the opening of micro-fractures due to high gas pressure.This occurs at gas pressures lower than the combined strength of the rock and its minimum principal stress under external loading conditions.To investigate the mechanism of microscale mode-I ruptures,it is essential to incorporate a multiscale approach that includes subcritical microcracks in the modeling framework.In this contribution,we derive the model from microstructures that contain periodically distributed microcracks within a porous material.The damage evolution law is coupled with the macroscopic poroelastic system by employing the asymptotic homogenization method and considering the inherent hydro-mechanical(HM)anisotropy at the microscale.The resulting permeability change induced by fracture opening is implicitly integrated into the gas flow equation.Verification examples are presented to validate the developed model step by step.An analysis of local macroscopic response is undertaken to underscore the influence of factors such as strain rate,initial damage,and applied stress,on the gas migration process.Numerical examples of direct tension tests are used to demonstrate the model’s efficacy in describing localized failure characteristics.Finally,the simulation results for preferential gas flow reveal the robustness of the two-scale model in explicitly depicting gas-induced fracturing in anisotropic clayey rocks.The model successfully captures the common behaviors observed in laboratory experiments,such as a sudden drop in gas injection pressure,rapid build-up of downstream gas pressure,and steady-state gas flow following gas breakthrough.

How to(Easily)Extend the FAIRness of Existing Repositories

Data repository infrastructures for academics have appeared in waves since the dawn of Web technology.These waves are driven by changes in societal needs,archiving needs and the development of cloud computing resources.As such,the data repository landscape has many flavors when it comes to sustainability models,target audiences and feature sets.One thing that links all data repositories is a desire to make the content they host reusable,building on the core principles of cataloging content for economical and research speed efficiency.The FAIR principles are a common goal for all repository infrastructures to aim for.No matter what discipline or infrastructure,the goal of reusable content,for both humans and machines,is a common one.This is the first time that repositories can work toward a common goal that ultimately lends itself to interoperability.The idea that research can move further and faster as we un-silo these fantastic resources is an achievable one.This paper investigates the steps that existing repositories need to take in order to remain useful and relevant in a FAIR research world.

Helping the Consumers and Producers of Standards,Repositories and Policies to Enable FAIR Data

Thousands of community-developed(meta)data guidelines,models,ontologies,schemas and formats have been created and implemented by several thousand data repositories and knowledge-bases,across all disciplines.These resources are necessary to meet government,funder and publisher expectations of greater transparency and access to and preservation of data related to research publications.This obligates researchers to ensure their data is FAIR,share their data using the appropriate standards,store their data in sustainable and community-adopted repositories,and to conform to funder and publisher data policies.FAIR data sharing also plays a key role in enabling researchers to evaluate,re-analyse and reproduce each other’s work.We can map the landscape of relationships between community-adopted standards and repositories,and the journal publisher and funder data policies that recommend their use.In this paper,we show how the work of the GO-FAIR FAIR Standards,Repositories and Policies(StRePo)Implementation Network serves as a central integration and cross-fertilisation point for the reuse of FAIR standards,repositories and data policies in general.Pivotal to this effort,the FAIRsharing,an endorsed flagship resource of the Research Data Alliance that maps the landscape of relationships between community-adopted standards and repositories,and the journal publisher and funder data policies that recommend their use.Lastly,we highlight a number of activities around FAIR tools,services and educational efforts to raise awareness and encourage participation.

Bayesian partial pooling to reduce uncertainty in overcoring rock stress estimation

The state of in situ stress is a crucial parameter in subsurface engineering,especially for critical projects like nuclear waste repository.As one of the two ISRM suggested methods,the overcoring(OC)method is widely used to estimate the full stress tensors in rocks by independent regression analysis of the data from each OC test.However,such customary independent analysis of individual OC tests,known as no pooling,is liable to yield unreliable test-specific stress estimates due to various uncertainty sources involved in the OC method.To address this problem,a practical and no-cost solution is considered by incorporating into OC data analysis additional information implied within adjacent OC tests,which are usually available in OC measurement campaigns.Hence,this paper presents a Bayesian partial pooling(hierarchical)model for combined analysis of adjacent OC tests.We performed five case studies using OC test data made at a nuclear waste repository research site of Sweden.The results demonstrate that partial pooling of adjacent OC tests indeed allows borrowing of information across adjacent tests,and yields improved stress tensor estimates with reduced uncertainties simultaneously for all individual tests than they are independently analysed as no pooling,particularly for those unreliable no pooling stress estimates.A further model comparison shows that the partial pooling model also gives better predictive performance,and thus confirms that the information borrowed across adjacent OC tests is relevant and effective.

Semi-Supervised Learning Based Tag Recommendation for Docker Repositories

Docker has been the mainstream technology of providing reusable software artifacts recently. Developers can easily build and deploy their applications using Docker. Currently, a large number of reusable Docker images are publicly shared in online communities, and semantic tags can be created to help developers effectively reuse the images. However, the communities do not provide tagging services, and manually tagging is exhausting and time-consuming. This paper addresses the problem through a semi-supervised learning-based approach, named SemiTagRec. SemiTagRec contains four components:(1) the predictor, which calculates the probability of assigning a specific tag to a given Docker repository;(2) the extender, which introduces new tags as the candidates based on tag correlation analysis;(3) the evaluator, which measures the candidate tags based on a logistic regression model;(4) the integrator, which calculates a final score by combining the results of the predictor and the evaluator, and then assigns the tags with high scores to the given Docker repositories. SemiTagRec includes the newly tagged repositories into the training data for the next round of training. In this way, SemiTagRec iteratively trains the predictor with the cumulative tagged repositories and the extended tag vocabulary, to achieve a high accuracy of tag recommendation. Finally, the experimental results show that SemiTagRec outperforms the other approaches and SemiTagRec’s accuracy, in terms of Recall@5 and Recall@10, is 0.688 and 0.781 respectively.

Metabolic pathway databases and moot repositories

Background： The number of biological Knowledge bases/databases storing metabolic pathway information and models has been growing rapidly. These resources are diverse in the type of information/data, the analytical tools, and objectives. Here we present a review of the most popular metabolic pathway databases and model repositories, focusing on their scope, content including reactions, enzymes, compounds, and genes, and applicability. The review aims to help researchers choose a suitable database or model repository according to the information and data required, by providing an insight look of each pathway resource. Results： Four pathways databases and three model repositories were selected on the basis of popularity and diversity. Our review showed that the pathway resources vary in many aspects, such as their scope, content, access to data and the tools. In addition, inconsistencies have been observed in nomenclature and representation of database entities. The three model repositories reviewed do not offer a brief description of the models＇ characteristics such as simulation conditions. Conclusions： The inconsistencies among the databases in representing their contents may hamper the maximal use of the knowledge accumulated in these databases in particular and the area of systems biology＇ at large. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that the database creators and the metabolic network models developers should follow international standards for the nomenclature of reactions and metabolites. Besides, computationally generated models that could be obtained from model repositories should be utilized with manual curations as they lack some important components that are necessary for full functionality of the models.

Analysis of Pioneering Computable Biomedical Knowledge Repositories and their Emerging Governance Structures

A growing interest in producing and sharing computable biomedical knowledge artifacts(CBKs) is increasing the demand for repositories that validate, catalog, and provide shared access to CBKs. However, there is a lack of evidence on how best to manage and sustain CBK repositories. In this paper, we present the results of interviews with several pioneering CBK repository owners. These interviews were informed by the Trusted Repositories Audit and Certification(TRAC) framework. Insights gained from these interviews suggest that the organizations operating CBK repositories are somewhat new, that their initial approaches to repository governance are informal, and that achieving economic sustainability for their CBK repositories is a major challenge. To enable a learning health system to make better use of its data intelligence, future approaches to CBK repository management will require enhanced governance and closer adherence to best practice frameworks to meet the needs of myriad biomedical science and health communities. More effort is needed to find sustainable funding models for accessible CBK artifact collections.

Graph Convolutional Network-Based Repository Recommendation System

GitHub repository recommendation is a research hotspot in the field of open-source software. The current problemswith the repository recommendation systemare the insufficient utilization of open-source community informationand the fact that the scoring metrics used to calculate the matching degree between developers and repositoriesare developed manually and rely too much on human experience, leading to poor recommendation results. Toaddress these problems, we design a questionnaire to investigate which repository information developers focus onand propose a graph convolutional network-based repository recommendation system (GCNRec). First, to solveinsufficient information utilization in open-source communities, we construct a Developer-Repository networkusing four types of behavioral data that best reflect developers’ programming preferences and extract features ofdevelopers and repositories from the repository content that developers focus on. Then, we design a repositoryrecommendation model based on a multi-layer graph convolutional network to avoid the manual formulation ofscoringmetrics. Thismodel takes the Developer-Repository network, developer features and repository features asinputs, and recommends the top-k repositories that developers are most likely to be interested in by learning theirpreferences. We have verified the proposed GCNRec on the dataset, and by comparing it with other open-sourcerepository recommendation methods, GCNRec achieves higher precision and hit rate.

Correlation Analysis between Ethnic Diversity and Success Rate on a Massive Repository of Movies Data Set and the Board of Directors of Fortune 500 in Terms of Net Sales and Gross Profit

In contemporary workplace, organizations are emphasizing on individual’s diversity and inclusion initiatives in order to reinforce managerial adaptability, increase competitive advantage and decrease legal risks. Nonetheless, in recent times, there has arisen a debate on whether diversity is a variable that has an immediate effect on success or not. This study focused on determining if diversity in terms of ethnicity, gender, age, etc., has effects on success, by investigating two different data sets;the first one is a massive repository of movies data set and actors to determine if there is a correlation between multiple movie related variables and box office earnings. While the second data focused on Fortunes top 500 companies in the United States (US) vs. 500 less profitable companies in the US. Moreover, the study explores how diversity among Board of Directors (BOD) of fortune 500 companies affects the net sales and gross profits. The movie data set was collected from two main websites;Internet Movie Database (IMDB) and Rotten Tomatoes (RT), the imdb data set contained 107,645 records, while as the rotten tomatoes contained 13,904 records. In addition, information about Fortunes 500 companies was obtained from various websites manually, as immediate data sets were hard to find since it’s the first study that focuses on diversity and success of fortune companies. The data set contained data of fortunes top 500 companies with information of all of its BOD about 5358 records, and less profitable companies of 4434 records. The reason in which these data sets were chosen was to study the ethnic diversity factor and its impact on success rate, and also due to the fact that IMDB and Rotten Tomatoes are the most recognized websites that provide access to a massive repository of movie data sets. While the fortune company’s data set was chosen to demonstrate diversity in the chosen dataset where one was for movies and the other was enterprise based. Furthermore, the data was analyzed in python to establish the relationship between the various variables. In all of the correlation analysis, the Pearson’s coefficient was less than 0.1. Therefore, it was concluded that ethnic diversity has an insignificant effect on the success of movies and the Fortune 500 companies.

Drugs@FDA、FDA Online Label Repository和DailyMed 三大开放获取药品说明书数据库的比较研究

目的:为药学工作人员根据不同需求选择不同的药品说明书数据库提供参考。方法:搜集Drugs@FDA、FDA Online Label Repository和DailyMed三大开放获取药品说明书数据库的信息组织方式,从检索功能设置、检索结果显示内容、数据来源与服务目标三个方面进行比较分析。结果与结论:在检索功能上,以DailyMed最丰富;在检索结果显示内容上,DailyMed的数据格式化程度最高,FDA Online Label Repository次之,而Drugs@FDA只进行了部分格式化;3个数据库都提供页面复制和打印的功能,其中DailyMed的界面更为友好、内容更开放、提供了全部下载功能;在数据来源与服务目标上,Drugs@FDA和FDA Online Label Repository的系统开发者都为FDA,DailyMed为美国国立医学图书馆,Drugs@FDA采用的数据来源为经过FDA严格审批之后的药品说明书,对某一药品信息的描述最全面;FDA Online Label Repository则为厂商提交给FDA的原始说明书,其内容最新,甚至有未上市的药品;DailyMed采用的数据来源取自于已上市的药品包装盒上的信息,还包括很多上市但未经过严格审批的说明书信息,其覆盖药品最全。

国际图书馆界开放获取的研究与实践——75届国际图联大会开放获取论文综述

2009年国际图联（IFLA）第75届大会比以往更加重视开放获取（OA）问题，至少有三个专业委员会的主题为OA。在OA方面，大会报告和论文主要侧重在0A的政策与机制、OA的问题与挑战、OA的实践进展等几个方面。

Academic health sciences libraries as connectors to knowledge beyond literature

Libraries at large academic medical centers in the United States are undergoing a transformation from their traditional role as knowledge repositories to a new role as connectors to knowledge. This transformation is fueled by the move away from library-held print resources as the primary source of information used by researchers,clinicians and students. Knowledge resources critical to the missions of academic medical centers now include online books and journals,very large data sets,software tools,and expertise far beyond the walls of the library. This article illustrates how Bernard Becker Medical Library at Washington University in St. Louis has seized the opportunity to recast itself as a connector to knowledge beyond literature and strengthen its vital role within the university as a catalyst for learning and discovery.

Agglomerative Approach for Identification and Elimination of Web Robots from Web Server Logs to Extract Knowledge about Actual Visitors

In this paper we investigate the effectiveness of ensemble-based learners for web robot session identification from web server logs. We also perform multi fold robot session labeling to improve the performance of learner. We conduct a comparative study for various ensemble methods (Bagging, Boosting, and Voting) with simple classifiers in perspective of classification. We also evaluate the effectiveness of these classifiers (both ensemble and simple) on five different data sets of varying session length. Presently the results of web server log analyzers are not very much reliable because the input log files are highly inflated by sessions of automated web traverse software’s, known as web robots. Presence of web robots access traffic entries in web server log repositories imposes a great challenge to extract any actionable and usable knowledge about browsing behavior of actual visitors. So web robots sessions need accurate and fast detection from web server log repositories to extract knowledge about genuine visitors and to produce correct results of log analyzers.

机构知识库HathiTrust的版权管理研究及其启示

HathiTrust是由美国机构合作委员会（CIC）图书馆联盟下的13所大学合作发起的机构知识库项目。HathiTrust采用了严格、详尽的版权管理政策，建立了专门的版权数据库。版权数据库里存储并持续追踪HathiTrust每卷作品的版权信息，实现版权状态的自动更新。文章列举了HathiTrust版权数据库中定义的19种属性类别和17种原因代码，并结合HathiTrust中具体的版权处理实例进行了说明。最后阐述了HathiTrust版权数据管理对我国机构知识库建设的启示。