Highly hydrophilic materials enable rapid water delivery and salt redissolution in solar-driven seawater desalination. However, the lack of independent floatability inhibits heat localization at the air/water interfac...Highly hydrophilic materials enable rapid water delivery and salt redissolution in solar-driven seawater desalination. However, the lack of independent floatability inhibits heat localization at the air/water interface. In nature, seaweeds with internal gas microvesicles can float near the sea surface to ensure photosynthesis. Here, we have developed a seaweed-inspired, independently floatable, but superhydrophilic (SIFS) solar evaporator. It needs no extra floatation support and can simultaneously achieve continuous water pumping and heat concentration. The evaporator resists salt accumulation, oil pollution, microbial corrosion, and protein adsorption. Densely packed hollow glass microbeads promote intrinsic floatability and heat insulation. Superhydrophilic zwitterionic sulfobetaine hydrogel provides a continuous water supply, redissolves the deposited salt, and endows the SIFS evaporator with excellent anti-fouling properties. With its unprecedented anti-contamination ability, this SIFS evaporator is expected to open a new avenue for designing floatable superhydrophilic materials and solving real-world issues of solar steam generation in complex environmental conditions.展开更多
The resistivity of cement specimens mixed with carbon fibres under different pressures is studied. The results reveal that when pressure becomes larger and larger, the resistivity of speciments changes. The process ca...The resistivity of cement specimens mixed with carbon fibres under different pressures is studied. The results reveal that when pressure becomes larger and larger, the resistivity of speciments changes. The process can be di-vided into three stages; reversible sensing period, balance pe-riod, and sharp increasing period. These three periods re-spectively show the closure and opening of raw flaw in speci-mens , germination of fresh cracks and cracks extending to failure. The conducting mechanism is also analyzed. Ac-cording to the above characteristic of carbon fibre-cement specimen, it can be used as an intrinsic smart material to be ap-plied in the non-destructive detection of concrete dams,ect.展开更多
Six kinds of polyurethane （PU） elastomers were prepared based on different polyesters, polyethers and chain extenders. The structure, mechanical properties and cold resistant properties of PU were systematically inv...Six kinds of polyurethane （PU） elastomers were prepared based on different polyesters, polyethers and chain extenders. The structure, mechanical properties and cold resistant properties of PU were systematically investigated by FTIR, XRD, DMTA,universal testing machine and flex ductility machine. The results show that Tg of soft segment is the main factor of the cold resistant properties of polyurethane elastomer. Compared with the same relative molecular mass of the polyester and the polyether, the polyether flexibility is better, the glass transition temperature （Tg） is lower and the cold resistant properties is remarkable, for example the cold resistant properties of PU based on poly （tetramethylene glycol）, 1, 4-BG and MDI achieves the fifth level. The physics performances of polyurethane elastomers, such as breakdown strength, Young＇s modulus and the cold resistant properties, are all superior.展开更多
An aluminum fractionation study was conducted for a surface reservoir water treatment to understand the performance of poly- aluminum-silicate-chloride （PASiC） in terms of the residual A1 fractions as a function of ...An aluminum fractionation study was conducted for a surface reservoir water treatment to understand the performance of poly- aluminum-silicate-chloride （PASiC） in terms of the residual A1 fractions as a function of initial pH. The coagulation performance expressed as turbidity and organic matter removal was established as supporting data. Some extra data were evaluated in terms of the residual A1 ratio of the composite PASiC coagulant. The main residual A1 sources were the A1 fractions derived from the use of PASiC. The turbidity and organic matter removal ability was optimal at initial pH 6.00-7.00, while the concentrations of various residual A1 species and the residual A1 ratio of PASiC were minimal at an initial pH range of 7.00-8.00. Under the conditions of OH/AI molar ratio = 2.00 and Si/A1 molar ratio = 0.05, PASiC had superior coagulation performance and comparatively low residual A1 concentrations. The A1 fraction in the composite PASiC coagulant seldom remained under such conditions. Experimental data also indicated that the suspended （filterable） AI fraction was the dominant species, and organic-bound or organo-A1 complex A1 was considered to be the major species of dissolved A1 in water treated by PASiC coagulation. Additionally, the dissolved inorganic monomeric A1 species dominated the dissolved monomeric A1 fraction.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21621004,21961132005,22078238,21908160,and 21805204)the Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(19JCQNJC05100 and 20JCQNJC00170)+1 种基金Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by Tianjin(TJSQNTJ-2018-17)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M651041).
文摘Highly hydrophilic materials enable rapid water delivery and salt redissolution in solar-driven seawater desalination. However, the lack of independent floatability inhibits heat localization at the air/water interface. In nature, seaweeds with internal gas microvesicles can float near the sea surface to ensure photosynthesis. Here, we have developed a seaweed-inspired, independently floatable, but superhydrophilic (SIFS) solar evaporator. It needs no extra floatation support and can simultaneously achieve continuous water pumping and heat concentration. The evaporator resists salt accumulation, oil pollution, microbial corrosion, and protein adsorption. Densely packed hollow glass microbeads promote intrinsic floatability and heat insulation. Superhydrophilic zwitterionic sulfobetaine hydrogel provides a continuous water supply, redissolves the deposited salt, and endows the SIFS evaporator with excellent anti-fouling properties. With its unprecedented anti-contamination ability, this SIFS evaporator is expected to open a new avenue for designing floatable superhydrophilic materials and solving real-world issues of solar steam generation in complex environmental conditions.
基金Funded by National Natural Science Fundation of China key project No 59432061
文摘The resistivity of cement specimens mixed with carbon fibres under different pressures is studied. The results reveal that when pressure becomes larger and larger, the resistivity of speciments changes. The process can be di-vided into three stages; reversible sensing period, balance pe-riod, and sharp increasing period. These three periods re-spectively show the closure and opening of raw flaw in speci-mens , germination of fresh cracks and cracks extending to failure. The conducting mechanism is also analyzed. Ac-cording to the above characteristic of carbon fibre-cement specimen, it can be used as an intrinsic smart material to be ap-plied in the non-destructive detection of concrete dams,ect.
基金Funded by the Key Laboratory of Enviroment-friendly Polymer Materials of Anhui ProvinceNational Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Anli Artificial Leather co. ltd, China
文摘Six kinds of polyurethane （PU） elastomers were prepared based on different polyesters, polyethers and chain extenders. The structure, mechanical properties and cold resistant properties of PU were systematically investigated by FTIR, XRD, DMTA,universal testing machine and flex ductility machine. The results show that Tg of soft segment is the main factor of the cold resistant properties of polyurethane elastomer. Compared with the same relative molecular mass of the polyester and the polyether, the polyether flexibility is better, the glass transition temperature （Tg） is lower and the cold resistant properties is remarkable, for example the cold resistant properties of PU based on poly （tetramethylene glycol）, 1, 4-BG and MDI achieves the fifth level. The physics performances of polyurethane elastomers, such as breakdown strength, Young＇s modulus and the cold resistant properties, are all superior.
基金supported by the Scientific Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong,China (No.2010GZX20605)the Chinese National Foundation of Natural Sciences (No.21077066)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China (No.ZR2010BM014)the Graduate Innovation Foundationof Shandong University (No.yyx10010, GIFSDU)the Shanghai Tongji Gao Tingyao Environmental Science &Technology Development Foundation (STGEF)the Scholarship Award for Excellent Doctoral Student granted by Ministry of Education
文摘An aluminum fractionation study was conducted for a surface reservoir water treatment to understand the performance of poly- aluminum-silicate-chloride （PASiC） in terms of the residual A1 fractions as a function of initial pH. The coagulation performance expressed as turbidity and organic matter removal was established as supporting data. Some extra data were evaluated in terms of the residual A1 ratio of the composite PASiC coagulant. The main residual A1 sources were the A1 fractions derived from the use of PASiC. The turbidity and organic matter removal ability was optimal at initial pH 6.00-7.00, while the concentrations of various residual A1 species and the residual A1 ratio of PASiC were minimal at an initial pH range of 7.00-8.00. Under the conditions of OH/AI molar ratio = 2.00 and Si/A1 molar ratio = 0.05, PASiC had superior coagulation performance and comparatively low residual A1 concentrations. The A1 fraction in the composite PASiC coagulant seldom remained under such conditions. Experimental data also indicated that the suspended （filterable） AI fraction was the dominant species, and organic-bound or organo-A1 complex A1 was considered to be the major species of dissolved A1 in water treated by PASiC coagulation. Additionally, the dissolved inorganic monomeric A1 species dominated the dissolved monomeric A1 fraction.
