Endoscopic fibrin sealant closure of duodenal perforation after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

Traditionally, perivaterian duodenal perforation can be managed conservatively or surgically. If a large volume of leakage results in fluid collection in the retroperitoneum, surgery may be necessary. Our case met the surgical indication for perivaterian duodenal perforation after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) with sphincterotomy and endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation. The patient developed a retroperitoneal abscess after the procedures, and a perivaterian perforation was suggested on computed tomography(CT). CT-guided abscess drainage was performed immediately. We unsuccessfully attempted to close the perforation with hemoclips initially. Subsequently, we used fibrin sealant(Tisseel) injection to occlude the perforation. Fibrin sealant injections have been previously used during endoscopy for wound closure and fistula repair. Based on our report, fibrin sealant injection can be considered as an alternative method for the treatment of ERCPrelated type Ⅱ perforations.

Epidemiology and Prognosis of Retroplacental Hematoma in a Maternity Ward at a Regional Hospital Center in Southern Senegal

Objectives: To study the epidemiological profile and the prognosis of the retro-placental hematoma (HRP) at the maternity ward at Kolda Regional Hospital Center. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study conducted over a period of 11 years: from January 1st, 2006 to December 31st, 2016, at Kolda Regional Hospital Center. It included all patients admitted for HRP during this period. The studied parameters concerned sociodemographic characteristics, gynecological obstetrical history;clinical, therapeutic and prognostic data (non-inclusion or exclusion criteria). The data were collected from medical records, the delivery room and the surgery room registers using a collection sheet developed for this purpose. The statistical analysis of the variables studied was done with the software Epi-info 3.5. For the qualitative variables, we calculated the frequencies and for the quantitative variables, we studied the distributions. Results: During the study period, 15,343 were recorded deliveries and we carried out the diagnosis of HRP in 301 patients (1.97%). The average age of the patients was 24 years with an average parity of 4.8 deliveries. Almost all the patients (87.5%) were evacuated and half had delivered by caesarean section. Maternal and fetal deaths were 7% and 72.1%, respectively. Uterine atony accounted for 21.2% of complications. One third of the cases of uterine atony had resulted in a hysterectomy. The average duration of hospitalization was 6 days. Conclusion: The retro-placental hematoma is a serious medico-obstetric emergency. It is burdened with high maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality in developing countries.

Retro-reflective Beamforming Technique with Applications in Wireless Power Transmission

Retro reflective beamforming technique has the potential of enabling efficient wireless power transmission over long distance(on the order of meters and even kilometers).In retro reflective beamforming,wireless power transmission is guided by pilot signal:Based upon pilot signal broadcasted by a wireless power receiver,a wireless power transmitter delivers focused microwave power beam(s)onto the location of wireless power receiver.When the wireless power receiver’s location is not fixed or when the wireless power receiver’s location is unknown to the wireless power transmitter,the microwave power beam would follow the wireless power receiver’s location dynamically as long as the wireless power receiver broadcasts pilot signal periodically.This paper reviews our research endeavors in recent years on retro reflective beamforming technique targeting three applications:(1)wireless charging for low power mobile/portable electronic devices,(2)space solar power satellites(SSPS)application,and(3)wireless charging in fully enclosed space.The feasibility and potential of retro reflective beamforming technique with applications in wireless power transmission are demonstrated by some preliminary experimental results.

无溶剂无催化剂条件下Retro-Diels-Alder反应绿色高效合成β-烯胺酯衍生物

以氧杂冰片烯二乙酯和各类伯胺、仲胺化合物为原料,在无溶剂、无催化剂,经0.5~72 h逆D-A反应合成10个β-烯胺酯化合物,产率最高可达77%.该反应首先通过Aza-Michael加成反应过程,形成氧杂冰片烯β-氨基酯中间体,然后再经Retro-Diels-Alder反应,转化为β-烯胺酯目标化合物.实现了在绿色简单的无溶剂、无催化剂反应体系中,仅通过调控温度,高效构筑β-烯胺酯化合物.该方法操作简单,反应简便,对环境友好且收率良好,为合成β-烯胺酯化合物提供新的方法策略.

The Origin and Application of Retro-futurism

Via case analysis and literature retrospect,a kind of active design style at present is initially explored: retro-futurism,and the design method of realizing this style and its artistic value are discussed.By reviewing and analyzing the modeling element and spatial form of futurism in the space age,designers can refine the special formal language of this period,adjust these formal languages according to the need,and then place these formal languages in the context of the new era,thereby obtaining style of retrofuture.Retro-futurism design can create a strong visual style,arouse people’s nostalgia and trigger double associations about history and the future.By shaping model and space,people’s attention is directed to the perception of time,thereby stimulating people to reflect on technology and modern life.Its intrinsic complexity brings strong visual impact,makes it have wide application prospects in architecture,plane,clothing,products and other different design areas,and brings people richer visual experience.

A Retrospective Analysis for Different Routes of Administration in Mice-Percutaneous Retro-Orbital, Jugular Catheter, Tail Vein and Femoral Cut Down Injections

Liposomes effectively transport fatty proteins to targeted tissues. Laboratory experiments use multiple methods to administer liposomes, but comparison of these methods is not available. In this retrospective study, we characterized and compared four intravenous administration routes (tail vein, jugular catheter, femoral vein and percutaneous retro-orbital injections) in murine models. ApoE-/- mice were used to compare administration routes. Results indicate that the jugular catheter route delivered the highest amount of liposomes to tissues due to longer period of injections compared to other routes;however, this route failed to remain patent for 8/10 animals. Delivery via tail vein, femoral vein and percutaneous retro-orbital injections resulted in similar accumulation in the organs. When including technical difficulty and expense, percutaneous retro-orbital injections of liposomes are the most convenient and efficacious approach.

Percutaneous Mesh Expansion and Fixation at the Retro-Rectus Plane without Stabs by Using Redirecting Suture Hook in Midline Hernias Repair

Background: Mesh expansion and fixation at retro-rectus plane through multiples stabs produces good results. But these stabs cause cosmetic disorders for the patients and doctors. So, we find some modification to do this procedure without these stabbing wounds in midline hernial repair. Patients and methods: This technique was used to fix the mesh at retro-rectus plane in 50 patients suffering from midline hernias, from January 2008 through January 2010 at Zagazig university Hospital, Egypt. Laparotomy incision was done over the hernial sac or at old incision;the contents were then released and reduced into peritoneal cavity without much subcutaneous dissection. The suitable sheet of polypropylene mesh to cover the hernial defect and any weak area was prepared and fixed at retro-rectus plane percutaneously without stabbing wounds by using redirecting suture hook. The mean period of follow up was 26 months. Results: There was no recurrence during the period of follow up. Five patients developed subcutaneous bluish discoloration at the site of some stitches, which disappear within two weeks with conservative treatment. Conclusion: Percutaneous mesh expansion and fixation at retro-rectus plane by using redirecting suture hook procedure has good results in recurrence rate and cosmetic appearance.

Materno-Fetal Prognosis of Retro-Placental Hematoma at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Communautaire

Introduction: The majority of pregnancies and births go off without incident even though they all present risks. Retro-placental hematoma (RPH) is an extreme obstetric emergency. The aim of our study was to assess the maternal-fetal prognosis of this pathology in our patients. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive and analytical study over 5 years ranging from the period from January 1st, 2015 to December 31st, 2019. The study’s population consisted of pregnant women, in the 3rd trimester, who were presented with the retro-placental hematoma during the pregnancy or childbirth and taken care of in the maternity ward of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Communautaire. Results: During our study period, we recorded 87 cases of retro-placental hematoma, and 40,763 deliveries. The frequency of retro-placental hematoma was 0.21% at delivery. The average maternal age was 26.4 years with extremes of 16 and 40 years. The parity’s average was 3.8 with extremes of 1 and 13. The mean gestational age at the time of the onset of the accident was 35.9 amenorrhea weeks (AW) with extremes of 28 and 40 AW. We performed 4 cases of hysterectomy (4.5%). We recorded 8 maternal deaths (9.2%) and 60 newborn deaths (69%). The causes of maternal death were dominated by afibrinogenemia 62.5%, followed by renal failure in 25%. Conclusion: Retro-placental hematoma is a serious pathology during the pregnancy.

Acute Presentation of Massive Retrosternal Thyrotoxic Goitres

Approximately 5% of goitres extend below the thoracic inlet and can potentially become life threatening due to compression of the airway and major vessels. Approximately 7% of these goitres which require surgical resection will need an additional sternotomy to deliver the intra-thoracic component. Massive retrosternal toxic goitres presenting acutely are rare and are described infrequently in literature. We hereby present two cases of massive retrosternal thyrotoxic goitres presenting with acute respiratory failure, requiring non-invasive ventilation, as well as significant head and neck venous compression. Surgery on the thyrotoxic patient with a goitre, even if not significantly enlarged, is associated with a high peri-operative mortality due to cardiac instability and hemorrhage. We discuss the challenges of surgical intervention in these patients with particular emphasis on the timing of surgery to relieve compressive symptoms and the time needed to achieve a euthyroid state. We also emphasize the need for meticulous hemostasis, use of a cell-saver, transfusion protocols, adjuncts to hemostasis, as well as careful monitoring and continuous adjustments to the coagulation profile.

Degradation of Retro-Reflectivity of Thermoplastic Pavement Markings: A Review

For an effective thermoplastic pavement marking replacement strategy, the rate at which the marking’s retro-reflectivity deteriorates in service must be well established in order to avoid re-stripping that is too soon or too late. Against this background, this paper undertook a review of models that deal with degradation of thermoplastic pavement markings under different traffic and environmental conditions in order to establish service life and the terminal retro-reflectivity levels that have informed re-striping. Service life in the context of this paper is the time taken for a newly-installed marking to degrade to some minimum retro-reflectivity level below which motorists would find it difficult to navigate on the carriageway under night-time and poor visibility conditions. It was established that the minimum retro-reflectivity requiring re-stripping intervention reported varied, although commonly-adopted values tended to range from 50 mcd/m2/lx to 150 mcd/m2/lx. A number of empirical models, based on site specific conditions, have been developed by researchers using field data, to estimate marking retro-reflectivity at any time since placement. Whereas some of the models used time as the only independent variable, others used a combination of time, traffic level and a few other parameters to estimate retro-reflectivity. Even though degradation of marking retro-reflectivity is a reflection, among other things of material degeneration impacted by environmental and service conditions, almost all the models reviewed failed to consider environmental factors. Additionally, for some of the models, non-inclusion of the initial retro-reflectivity level and their generally low coefficient of determination statistic erode the confidence in their reliability.

Planar Retro-Reflector for Grazing Incident Beam of High-Energy X-Ray Photons

The grazing-incidence hard X-ray retro-reflector (GIRR) is a novel optical element, which completely suppresses the conventional mirror beam in the retro-reflection mode, and, at the same time, totally reflects the primary grazing incident X-radiation backwards to its source in strictly anti-parallel direction with minimal scattering. The GIRR is a good alternative to hard X-ray normal-incidence Bragg mirror, and has a high potential for applications in various X-ray optical devices and techniques, such as, hard X-ray optical noise (or background) filters, high-quality hard X-ray waveguides, low-gain hard X-ray free electron laser resonators (XFELRs), X-ray holography, coherent X-ray diffraction imaging, phase-contrast imaging, as well as in hard X-ray optical data storage devices and deep space hard X-ray communications. The proposed optical element consists of single-crystal wafer covered by a thin, non-diffracting layer of low-absorbing material.

Biased retro-proportional navigation law for interception of high-speed targets with angular constraint

A new guidance law, called biased retro proportional navigation(BRPN), is proposed. The guidance law is designed to intercept high-speed targets with angular constraint, which can be used for ballistic target interception. BRPN guidance law is defined, and the exact time-varying bias for a required impact angle is derived. Furthermore, the simulation results(trajectory, variation of navigation ratio, capture region, etc) are compared with those of biased proportional navigation(BPN), proportional navigation and retro-proportional navigation. The results show that,at the cost of a higher intercept time, BRPN demands lower terminal lateral acceleration and has larger capture region compared to BPN.

Illumination system with compound parabolic retro-reflector for single LCOS panel projection display

In this paper, a new illumination system with ultra high performance (UHP) lamp is proposed for projection display. Parabolic reflector (PR) and compound parabolic retro-reflector (CPR) were jointly used to collect and collimate the light generated from UHP lamp. A polarization converter system (PCS) was used to increase the light efficiency of the projection display system. A beam transformer between PCS and 2f imaging systems was directly used to make the illumination meet the requirement of projection display system. With the consideration of the loss of reflection, the light efficiency in this projection display system was estimated to be 15.6%.

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON RETRO-REFLECTIVE COATED PAPER BASED ON MICROGLASS BEADS

High-reflectivity micro-glass bead, as a kind of retro-reflective material, is widely used in reflective fabric or film and other reflective coatings. But it is rarely used in coated paper. The retro-reflective theory of micro-bead is described. Also the effect of size of micro-bead, dosage of binder and different color layers on reflective properties of coated paper are discussed in this article. The results show that its retro-reflective efficiency is good, equally to reflective fabric or film when the micro-glass bead is used in coated paper.

FOXO4 D-Retro-Inverso影响细胞外基质的产生并缓解肺纤维化

目的:观察FOXO4 D-Retro-Inverso(FOXO4-DRI)对肺纤维化小鼠模型及肺成纤维细胞活化和细胞外基质(ECM)生成的影响。方法:C57BL/6J雄鼠气管内滴注博来霉素构建肺纤维化模型,予以FOXO4-DRI治疗,第21天观察肺结构改变及纤维化标志物的表达水平。人肺成纤维细胞MRC5予以TGF-β1刺激后给予FOXO4-DRI干预,检测成纤维细胞活化标志物及ECM表达水平。结果:气管内滴注博来霉素后成功诱导小鼠肺部结构破坏,纤维化评分升高(P<0.01),肺纤维化标志物表达量升高(P<0.01)。FOXO4-DRI治疗后小鼠肺部结构损坏减轻,纤维化评分降低(P<0.01),肺纤维化标志物表达降低(P<0.01)。TGF-β1诱导成纤维细胞活化标志物及ECM表达升高(P<0.01),给予FOXO4-DRI干预后上述分子表达下降(P<0.01)。结论:FOXO4-DRI抑制肺成纤维细胞活化及ECM产生而改善小鼠肺纤维化。

高顺式番茄红素纳米乳液的制备及稳定性

为了解决脂溶性生物活性物质番茄红素在食品加工过程中易降解和异构化的问题,以高顺式番茄红素为包埋对象,筛选天然表面活性剂,采用高速剪切法制备了高顺式番茄红素纳米乳液(简称纳米乳液,下同)。采用HPLC、纳米粒径电位分析仪、TEM和激光共聚焦显微镜(CLSM)对其进行了表征,通过单因素和响应面实验优化了纳米乳液的制备工艺,探究了合理贮藏纳米乳液的方法。结果表明,在油水比[V(油相)∶V(水相),将全反式番茄红素溶解于体积比1∶1的亚油酸/辛癸酸甘油酯混合溶剂形成油相;酪蛋白酸钠水溶液为水相]为1∶3、酪蛋白酸钠水溶液质量分数6.0%、剪切时间15 min、剪切转速12000 r/min的最佳制备条件下,纳米乳液中高顺式番茄红素包埋率最高,为88.09%±0.92%。低温(4℃)、避光、充氮、中性或弱碱性环境中贮藏,添加Al^(3+)、NaCl、抗氧化剂(叔丁基对苯二酚或2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚)、蔗糖,可减少和抑制纳米乳液中番茄红素顺式异构体的氧化降解和异构体恢复转化。

汗液老化对玻璃微珠反光材料性能的影响

反光材料具有良好的夜间可视性,在夜间及视线较差的环境下给人们提供有效可靠的安全保障,被广泛应用于特殊作业服装等领域。为了科学评估反光布的安全防护作用,探讨汗液对玻璃微珠反光材料性能的影响,对反光材料分别进行1、5、10、20、25、30、40、50次酸碱汗液老化实验,对试样外观特征、色差、微观结构、逆反射系数进行实验与分析。结果表明:老化后试样有不同程度的玻璃微珠脱落、铝层溶出、表面盐结晶析出等现象,导致反光材料性能下降;试样的反光性能随酸碱汗液老化次数的增加先提升后下降,汗液老化次数大于5次,逆反射系数呈下降趋势,其中酸性汗液相比于碱性汗液对反光材料性能的影响更显著;经过酸性汗液老化50次,试样的逆反射系数下降了2.97%~12.86%。

Retro Button治疗下胫腓联合分离损伤的疗效分析

目的探讨下胫腓联合分离内固定治疗的新方法，并进行·临床疗效分析。方法选取2008—2011年间收治外踝骨折伴下胫腓联合分离损伤共8例患者的临床资料，平均年龄是32．4岁（19—45岁）。首先对外踝骨折进行切开复位，应用解剖型钢板螺钉进行固定，术中确定下胫腓联合损伤后，利用RetroButton进行进一步固定，术后行非负重功能练习。术后随访并根据Baird—Jackson系统评分进行疗效评价。结果8例患者术后随访时间3—24个月，平均12．5个月，其中优7例、良1例。所有患者未出现螺钉切出或断裂、下胫腓联合宽度增大或伤口感染等情况。结论RetroButton作为固定下胫腓联合的新方法，具有简单、安全、并发症少等优点，临床疗效优良，具有广泛临床应用价值。

Trans-axillary retro-mammary gland route approach of video- assisted breast surgery can perform breast conserving surgery for cancers even in inner side of the breast

Background The endoscopic surgery for inner-side cancer of the breast is usually performed by periareolar approach, but it often makes deformation or malposition of nipple and areola. The trans-axillary approach is favorable without making any injuries on breast skin. Furthermore, we devised a new approach of retro-mammary route without subcutaneous exfoliation, from axillary skin incision, to preserve skin touch sensation.Methods We have performed video-assisted breast surgery （VABS） on 200 patients since December 2001. The newly devised trans-axillary retromammary-route approach （TARM） was performed on 12 patients of early breast cancer. After endoscopic sentinel lymph node biopsy, we lengthened the axillary skin incision to 2.5 cm, and dissected retromammary tissue from superficial pectoral fascia onto major pectoral muscle below the tumor. The working space was made by lifting traction sutures through the gland. We cut the gland vertically at free margin 2 cm apart from the tumor edge, and dissect skin flap over the tumor. The breast reconstruction was done by filling absorbable fiber cotton.Results Traction sutures made it easier to cut the mammary gland vertically. We did not experience any skin damages like burn. All surgical margins were negative. The operation time was needed longer but the blood loss was not different. The postoperative esthetic results were good. The sensory disturbance was minimal. All patients were satisfied with this operation.Conclusion This newly devised TARM approach need no injury on whole breast, and can become a single standard method for breast conserving surgery wherever the cancer situated.

Calculation of distribution of effective reflection area for space-borne laser retro-reflector array

The effective area of space-borne laser retro-reflector directly influences the intensity of the return signals for satellite laser ranging. The configuration of the retro-reflector array determines the effective area. The formula for the effective area of the space-borne retro-reflector array with different inclination angles at arbitrary celestial zone was deduced in this paper. As an example, the calculation result about effective area for the retro-reflector array of the Shenzhou-IV orbital module was given.